Struts 2.x

Lato Sensu em
Sistemas Orientados a Objetos

Módulo 4.2
Struts 2

Friday, May 22, 2009

Lato Sensu em Sistemas Orientados a Objetos
Desenvolvimento de Aplicaões Web Avançado - 1°/2009



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Struts 2
objetivo

simpliﬁcar o
desenvolvimento
web


Struts 2
objetivo

Redução do XML
convenção sobre conﬁguração
anotações

Actions são POJOs
melhor testabilidade
bind automático de parâmetros HTTP



Struts 2
novidades

Interceptadores
pré e pós-processamento

Extensibilidade
plugins

Result Types
JSP, Velocity, Freemarker

Injeção de dependências
Spring, Plexus, PicoContainer



In a nutshell



http://
servidor/
app/
action



http://
servidor/
app/
action

struts.xml



http://
servidor/
app/
action

ActionTeste.java



http://
servidor/
app/
action
ok.jsp



XML mapeia POJO
comum



método execute()
obrigatório qdo
nenhuma conﬁguração
é feita no XML



o retorno do método
execute() revela o
resultado da Action



Action
e
struts.xml

libs

web.xml
*.html
*.jsp



At a glance



http://
servidor/
app/
action

?



Struts 1.x



Struts 1.x

?



http://
servidor/ FrontController!
app/
action



web.xml
<filter>

<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>



Estratégia de
Mapeamento de Actions



Estratégia de

http://localhost:8080/app/entrar

LoginAction.execute()



Estratégia de


LoginAction.execute()
<action name=quot;entrarquot; class=quot;xpto.LoginActionquot;/>



Estratégia de


ControleDeAcessoAction.login()
<action name=quot;entrarquot; method=quot;loginquot; class=quot;xpto.ControleDeAcessoActionquot;/>



Estratégia de

Patterns Matching

http://localhost:8080/app/acesso_login




Estratégia de

Patterns Matching

http://localhost:8080/app/acesso_login

<action name=quot;acesso_ *quot; method=quot; {1}quot; class=quot;xpto.ControleDeAcessoActionquot;/>



Estratégia de

Patterns Matching

http://localhost:8080/app/Usuario/edit

UsuarioAction.edit()



Estratégia de

Patterns Matching

http://localhost:8080/app/Usuario/edit

UsuarioAction.edit()
<action name=quot; */*quot; method=quot; {2}quot; class=quot;xpto. {1}Actionquot;/>



Binding



Dados de Requisição

usuario=alegomes
senha=123456



Nada de ActionForms!
bind automático


setUsuario(“alegomes”);
setSenha(“123456”);



Testabilidade

Como Actions são POJOS, nenhuma
infra-estrutura mágica é necessária para
implementação de testes unitários.



Tags


http://
servidor/
app/
action

login.jsp menu.jsp


struts.xml
<action name=quot;login_*quot; method=quot;{1}quot; class=quot;br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.LoginActionquot;>

<result name=quot;loginOKquot;>menu.jsp</result>

<result name=quot;loginNOKquot;>login.jsp</result>
</action>

LoginAction.java
public class LoginAction {

public static final String USUARIO_ESPERADO = quot;alegomesquot;;

public static final String SENHA_ESPERADA = quot;123456quot;;

private String usuario;

private String senha;

public String autenticar() {

if (USUARIO_ESPERADO.equals(usuario) && SENHA_ESPERADA.equals(senha)) {

return quot;loginOKquot;;

} else {

return quot;loginNOKquot;;

}

}

//Gets e Sets
}

senha
correta

<title>Menu do Sistema</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Seja bem vindo.</h1>

Escolha uma das abaixo.

<ul>
<li><a href=quot;servico_f1quot;>Funcionalidade 1</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

menu.jsp

senha
errada

<title>Tela de Autenticação</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action=quot;login_autenticarquot;>
Login: <input type=quot;textquot; value=quot;quot;/><p/>
Senha: <input type=quot;passwordquot; value=quot;quot;/><p/>
<input type=quot;submitquot;/>
</form>
</body>

login.jsp

<h1>Seja bem vindo, <s:property value=quot;usuarioquot; />.</h1>


<s:form action=quot;login_autenticarquot;>
<s:textfield label=quot;Loginquot; name=quot;usuarioquot;/>
<s:password label=quot;Senhaquot; name=quot;senhaquot; />
<s:submit/>
</s:form>


mais infos...



Results
&
Result Types


http://
servidor/
app/
action

login.vt menu.jsp



Results

implementação da
Camada View
Resposta da Action



Results
login.jsp menu.jsp

Velocity Freemarker XSTL

Action


Result Types
Velocity Freemarker XSTL

<action name=quot;qqcoisa*quot; method=quot;{1}quot; class=quot;br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.QQActionquot;>

<result name=quot;result1quot;>menu.jsp</result>

<result name=quot;result1quot; type=”dispatcher”>some.jsp</result>

<result name=quot;result2quot; type=”freemarker”>login.ftl</result>

<result name=quot;result3quot; type=”velocity”>page.vt</result>
</action>



Result Types
customizados

public interface Result extends Serializable {

public void execute(ActionInvocation invocation)
throws Exception;
}

<result-types>
<result-type name=quot;dispatcherquot;
default=quot;truequot;
class=quot;seu.pacote.SuaClassequot;/>
</result-types>



Dependency Injection



Interceptors


http://
servidor/
app/
action



Revisão
Intercepting Filters



Revisão
Intercepting Filters

interceptors action interceptors



Interceptors
pra quê?

Tratamento de exceção
Evitar submit duplo
Upload de arquivo
Ciclo de vida
Validações

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/interceptors.html


Interceptors
<package name=quot;defaultquot; extends=quot;struts-defaultquot;>
<interceptors>
<interceptor name=quot;timerquot; class=quot;...quot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;loggerquot; class=quot;...quot;/>
</interceptors>

<action name=quot;loginquot; class=quot;tutorial.Loginquot;>
<interceptor-ref name=quot;timerquot;/>
<interceptor-ref name=quot;loggerquot;/>

<result name=quot;inputquot;>login.jsp</result>
<result name=quot;successquot; type=quot;redirectActionquot;>/secure/home</result>
</action>
</package>



Pacotes de Interceptors
<package name=quot;defaultquot; extends=quot;struts-defaultquot;>
<interceptors>
<interceptor name=quot;timerquot; class=quot;..quot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;loggerquot; class=quot;..quot;/>

<interceptor-stack name=quot;myStackquot;>
<interceptor-ref name=quot;timerquot;/>
</interceptor-stack>

</interceptors>

<action name=quot;loginquot; class=quot;tutuorial.Loginquot;>
<interceptor-ref name=quot;myStackquot;/>

<result name=quot;inputquot;>login.jsp</result>
<result name=quot;successquot; type=quot;redirectActionquot;>/secure/home</result>
</action>
</package>



Interceptors
<interceptor name=quot;aliasquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;autowiringquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;chainquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;conversionErrorquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;clearSessionquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;createSessionquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;debuggingquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;externalRefquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;execAndWaitquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;exceptionquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;fileUploadquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;i18nquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;loggerquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;modelDrivenquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;scopedModelDrivenquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;paramsquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;actionMappingParamsquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;preparequot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;staticParamsquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;scopequot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;servletConfigquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;sessionAutowiringquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;timerquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;tokenquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;tokenSessionquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;validationquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;workflowquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptorquot;/>
<interceptor name=quot;storequot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;checkboxquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;profilingquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;rolesquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;jsonValidationquot; class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.JSONValidationInterceptorquot; />
<interceptor name=quot;annotationWorkflowquot; class=quot;com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptorquot; />



Exemplo



</action>

May 15, 2009 11:39:22 AM com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger info
INFO: Starting execution stack for action //login_autenticar
May 15, 2009 11:39:22 AM com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger info
INFO: Finishing execution stack for action //login_autenticar



Interceptors

coisas muito mais complexas
podem ser feitas...



Interceptors

coisas muito mais complexas
podem ser feitas...

...e precisam ser testadas!



Testes
Direto na Action

:-/



Testes
Action Proxied

:-)


Ambos os sites propõem
classes da apoio aos testes


// create action context for my action, feed
// into the action context all request parameters
Map requestParameters = new HashMap();
requestParameters.put(quot;param1quot;, quot;param1-valuequot;);
requestParameters.put(quot;param2quot;, quot;param2-valuequot;);
Map actionContext = StrutsTestCaseSupport.getInstance().buildActionContext(
quot;my.hostname.comquot;, quot;getquot;, quot;/myActionNamespace/myActionNamequot;, requestParameters);

// create the proxy for the action, this encapsulates all
// the interception stack up to the real action
ActionProxy proxy = StrutsTestCaseSupport.getInstance().createActionProxy(
quot;myActionNamequot;, quot;myActionNameSpacequot;,actionContext);
// inject parameters as required

// let the full stack run
String result = proxy.execute();
// confirm result
assert result.equals(quot;myTestResponseStringquot;);
// look into mock HttpServletResponse, do whatever
// tests I need to do: returned HTML, returned headers,
// cookies, etc...
String responseXml = ((MockHttpServletResponse) actionContext.get(StrutsStatics.HTTP_RESPONSE)).getContentAsString();
assert responseXml.indexOf(quot;successquot;) != -1;

http://fassisrosa.blogspot.com/2006/11/unit-testing-struts-20.html


Struts2
testes

org.apache.struts2.util.StrutsTestCaseHelper

Generic test setup methods to be used with any unit testing framework.

com.opensymphony.xwork2.TestNGXWorkTestCase

Base test class for TestNG unit tests. Provides common XWork variables and
performs XWork setup and teardown processes

com.opensymphony.xwork2.XWorkTestCase

Base JUnit TestCase to extend for XWork speciﬁc JUnit tests. Uses the generic
test setup for logic.

com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.XWorkTestCaseHelper

Generic test setup methods to be used with any unit testing framework.


Include

Mecanismo para modularização
das conﬁgurações.



Include
<struts>

<include file=quot;billing-config.xmlquot; />
<include file=quot;admin-config.xmlquot; />
<include file=quot;reports-config.xmlquot; />

...

</struts>

struts-default.xml e struts-plugin.xml são incluídos
implicitamente em todo struts.xml


Packages

Mecanismo para organização lógica e
reaproveitamento de conﬁgurações



Packages
<struts>

<package name=quot;exemploquot; extends=quot;struts-defaultquot;>



</action>

<action name=quot;logout/*quot; class=quot;br.ucb.soo.wa.struts2.lab3.LogoutActionquot;>

<result>{1}.jsp</result>
</action>

</package>

</struts>



Validators

Veriﬁcação declarativa de campos



Bundled Validators
conversion validator
date validator
double validator
email validator
expression validator
fieldexpression validator
int validator
regex validator
required validator
requiredstring validator
stringlength validator
url validator
visitor validator

http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/validation.html

<interceptor name=quot;validationquot;
class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptorquot;/>

struts.xml

<interceptor name=quot;validationquot;
class=quot;org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptorquot;/>

struts-default.xml

<interceptor-ref name=quot;validationquot; />
struts.xml


<body>
<s:form action=quot;login_autenticarquot; validate=quot;truequot;>
<s:textfield label=quot;Loginquot; name=quot;usuarioquot;/>
<s:password label=quot;Senhaquot; name=quot;senhaquot; />
<s:submit/>
</s:form>
</body>

login.jsp

<validators>

<field name=quot;usuarioquot;>

<field-validator type=quot;requiredstringquot;>

<message>Nome de usuario obrigatorio!</message>

</field-validator>

</field>

<field name=quot;senhaquot;>

<field-validator type=quot;requiredstringquot;>

<message>Senha obrigatoria!</message>

</field-validator>

</field>
</validators>

br/ucb/soo/wa/struts2/lab3/LoginAction-validation.xml


http://cwiki.apache.org/conﬂuence/display/WW/Big+Picture


Aﬁnal, por que Struts2?
• Baseado em Actions
• Conﬁgurações
- XML e Annotations

• Actions POJO
- alta testabilidade

• Integrável
- Spring, SiteMesh e Tiles

• Opções de View
- JSP, Freemarker, Velocity e XSLT

• Plugável


Labs
“The Bootstap tutorials starts from the very
beginning and steps through creating a
simple application.”

http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/bootstrap.html


Lato Sensu em
Sistemas Orientados a Objetos

Q&A MSc. Alexandre Gomes
alegomes@gmail.com

Struts 2.x

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