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Introduction to OMG's new standard DMN 1.0

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Oct. 15, 2013

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Decision Model & Notation
(DMN 1.0) – a new OMG Standard
Alcedo Coenen
Oct 2013

This is an introduction to the recently defined standard for
Decision Model & Notation (DMN), published by OMG …
… closed ...

Proposal for:

Decision Model and Notation (DMN) Specification
1.0
August 23, 2013

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Introduction to OMG's new standard DMN 1.0

Oct. 15, 2013

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Business Education Technology

A short introduction to the new standard for Decision Model and Notation (DMN) by OMG. Concluded with some personal remarks and questions. Based on the beta publication, as announced by James Taylor in his blog (http://jtonedm.com/2013/09/26/decision-model-and-notation-an-introduction-to-the-beta-specification/)

Enterprise Architect

A short introduction to the new standard for Decision Model and Notation (DMN) by OMG. Concluded with some personal remarks and questions. Based on the beta publication, as announced by James Taylor in his blog (http://jtonedm.com/2013/09/26/decision-model-and-notation-an-introduction-to-the-beta-specification/)

Business Education Technology

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Introduction to OMG's new standard DMN 1.0

1. Decision Model & Notation (DMN 1.0) – a new OMG Standard Alcedo Coenen Oct 2013
2. This is an introduction to the recently defined standard for Decision Model & Notation (DMN), published by OMG … … closed with some personal comments and questions. See also James Taylors blog with a good overview of the standard, and the link to the report itself.
3. Proposal for: Decision Model and Notation (DMN) Specification 1.0 August 23, 2013
4. Agenda • Purpose & Overview • Concepts • Decision Requirements • Notation • Use • Decision Logic • Language • Table • Comments
5. Purpose of DMN • Model decisions • Depict in diagrams • Defined by business analysts • (optionally) automated
6. Overview (Contents of the Standard document) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Scope Conformance Normative References Introduction to DMN Decision Requirements (DRG and DRD) 6. Relating Decision Logic to Decision Requirements 7. Decision Table 8. Simple Expression Language (S-FEEL) 9. Expression Language (FEEL) 10. DMN Example 11. Exchange Formats Annexes: A. Relation to BPMN B. Decision Services C. Responses to RFP Requirements D. Glossary
7. Agenda • Purpose & Overview • Concepts • Decision Requirements • Notation • Use • Decision Logic • Language • Table • Comments
8. Conceptual context
9. More details Main concepts Business Process Decision Requirements 2 levels in scope Decision Logic
10. More details Main concepts Business Process Decision Requirements Decision Logic
11. Main concepts – Decision Requirements Level • • • • Business concepts only Business decisions Areas of business knowledge Sources of business knowlegde Decision Requirements
12. Main concepts Decision Logic • • • • • Greater detail Business rules Calculations Automated Display
13. From Requirement to Logic Decision Requirements Decision Logic
14. From Requirement to Logic SBVR Supported by DMN “This will allow the import of many existing decision logic modeling standards (e.g. for business rules and analytic models) into DMN”
15. Agenda • Purpose & Overview • Concepts • Decision Requirements • Notation • Use • Decision Logic • Language • Table • Comments
16. Notation • DRG • Decision Requirements Graph • Self-contained, complete for 1 Decision • DRD • Decision Requirements Diagram • = View on DRG • Incomplete, showing specific aspects or perspectives
17. DRG/DRD elements Decision Business Knowledge Input data Knowledge Source = the act of determining an output from a number or input values = a function encapsulating business knowledge = information used as input = authority for business knowledge or decision
18. DRG/DRD relationships = used as input = Information Requirement = invokes = Knowledge Requirement = depends on = Authority Requirements
19. Allowed relationships Decision 1 Decision 2 Decision 1 is used as input for decision 2 Decision Knowledge Source Decision depends on Knowledge Source Input data Input data is used as input for decision Input data Decision Business Knowledge invokes a Decision Business Knowledge 1 Business Knowledge 2 Business Knowledge 1 invokes Business Knowledge 2 Knowledge Source Input data depends on Knowledge Source Knowledge Source Business Knowledge Decision Decision Knowledge Source depends on Decision Knowledge Source Business Knowledge Knowledge Source depends on Business Knowledge Knowledge Source 1 Knowledge Source 2 Knowledge Source 1 depends on Knowledge Source 2
20. Example DRD
21. Agenda • Purpose & Overview • Concepts • Decision Requirements • Notation • Use • Decision Logic • Language • Table • Comments
22. Use of DMN 1. Modeling human decision-making 2. Modeling requirements for automated decision-making 3. Implementing automated decision-making Decisionmaking Decisionmaking 2 model requirements implementati on 3 1
23. Agenda • Purpose & Overview • Concepts • Decision Requirements • Notation • Use • Decision Logic • Language • Table • Comments
24. Connecting Requirements to Logic The decision logic level of a decision model in DMN consists in one or more value expressions. Decision Requirements Decision Logic
25. Languages for Value Expressions Possible value expression forms: • Literal expression FEEL = Friendly Enough Expression Language • Decision table • Invocation of a Business Knowledge Model (re-usable function)
26. Agenda • Purpose & Overview • Concepts • Decision Requirements • Notation • Use • Decision Logic • Language • Table • Comments
27. Decision Table cf DMN 1.0 - principles • • • • Name Set of inputs Set of outputs Rules connecting inputs with outputs IF input expression 1 matches x AND input expression 2 matches y THEN a result (a "hit") is z. S-FEEL = subset of FEEL
28. Decision Table cf DMN 1.0 - styles Rule = row Rule = column Rule = crosstab
29. Agenda • Purpose & Overview • Concepts • Decision Requirements • Notation • Use • Decision Logic • Language • Table • Comments
30. Semantic analysis (simplified) Output value Authority determines has Decision requires uses has Input value(s) defined by Value expression Decision logic includes defined by Business Knowledge Models encapsulates Business know-how kind of Business Rule kind of Analytical model
31. Question marks • Hierarchy from business process to business logic • => what about knowledge about the process itself? • Distinction DRG vs DRD • Why is the DRG not used in the Example (Ch 10)? • Is it more than a difference in scope? • Decision vs Business Knowledge • What is the difference? • What are they different from functions (transforming input into output)? • FEEL • Why a separate language? • Why no FEEL in the Example (Ch 10)?
32. Alcedo Coenen Enterprise Architect Be Informed a.coenen@beinformed.com

Editor's Notes

“The components of the decision requirements level of a decision model may be described, as they are above, using only business concepts. This level of description is often sufficient for business analysis of a domain of decision-making, to identify the business decisions involved, their interrelationships, the areas of business knowledge and data required by them, and the sources of the business knowledge. “
“Using decision logic, the same components may be specified in greater detail, to capture a complete set of business rules and calculations, and (if desired) to allow the decision-making to be fully automated. Decision logic may also provide additional information about how to display elements in the decision model. For example, the decision logic element for a decision table may specify whether to show the rules as rows or as columns. The decision logic element for a calculation may specify whether to line up terms vertically or horizontally. “
“A business knowledge model may contain any decision logic which is capable of being represented as a function. This will allow the import of many existing decision logic modeling standards (e.g. for business rules and analytic models) into DMN. An important format of business knowledge, specifically supported in DMN, is the Decision Table. “
“A business knowledge model may contain any decision logic which is capable of being represented as a function. This will allow the import of many existing decision logic modeling standards (e.g. for business rules and analytic models) into DMN. An important format of business knowledge, specifically supported in DMN, is the Decision Table. ““An expression language for defining decision logic in DMN, covering all the above concepts, is specified fully in section 9. This is FEEL: the Friendly Enough Expression Language. ”
“The components of the decision requirements level of a decision model may be described, as they are above, using only business concepts. This level of description is often sufficient for business analysis of a domain of decision-making, to identify the business decisions involved, their interrelationships, the areas of business knowledge and data required by them, and the sources of the business knowledge. ““A DRG is a graph composed of elements connected by requirements, and is self-contained in the sense that all the modeled requirements for any Decision in the DRG (its immediate sources of information, knowledge and authority) are present in the same DRG. It is important to distinguish this complete definition of the DRG from a DRD presenting any particular view of it, which may be a partial or filtered display ”
“The decision logic level of a decision model in DMN consists in one or more value expressions. ”
“In DMN 1.0, the elements of decision logic modeled as value expressions are literal expressions, decision tables and invocations:  a literal expression represents decision logic as text that describes how an output value is derived from its input values. The expression language may, but need not, be formal or executable: examples of literal expressions include a plain English description of the logic of a decision, a first order logic theory, a Java computer program and a PMML document. DMN 1.0 specifies an expression language: FEEL (see section 9), and a basic subset of FEEL (see section 8) that is the default language for literal expressions in DMN decision tables (section 7).  A decision table is a tabular representation of decision logic, based on a discretization of the possible values of the inputs of a decision, and organized into rules that map discretized input values onto discrete output values (see section 7).  An invocation may be used as an alternative to FEEL, to model how a decision invokes decision logic that is represented by a Business Knowledge Model. ”
Quotes:a decision is the act of determining an output value (the chosen option), from a number of input values, using logic defining how the output is determined from the inputs. This decision logic may include one or more business knowledge models which encapsulate business know-how in the form of business rules, analytic models, or other formalisms. Authorities may be defined for decisions or business knowledge models, which might be (for example) domain experts responsible for defining or maintaining them, or source documents from which business knowledge models are derived, or sets of test cases with which the decisions must be consistent. These are called knowledge sources A decision is said to “require” its inputs in order to determine its output.