SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 15
Week Four Lecture
Alternative Marketing
Marketing venues used to be so traditional: we had three
network channels, outdoor billboards, newspapers, magazines,
and a few radio stations located in each market. Not true for
today! Today's marketer has to select from the traditional
venues along with dozens of cable channels, satellite radio, and
the Internet. The Internet alone adds selections such as
smartphones, tablets, and social media. What is a marketer to
do? How does a marketer begin to select a venue that has the
highest probability of reaching the organization's potential
customers on a limited budget?
Today's marketers have embraced a new method of
communication; along with the traditional venues, marketers
now also use alternative marketing tactics such as "buzz
marketing, guerrilla marketing, product placements and branded
entertainment, and lifestyle marketing" (Clow & Baack, 2012,
p. 258). Sometimes this is called "tradigital marketing" because
the marketing strategy is a combination of traditional and
digital venues. How does a marketer select a venue? Marketers
will use the venue believed offers the highest probability of
reaching their targeted market segments.
Our text does a very good job of describing buzz marketing,
guerrilla marketing, product placements and branded
entertainment, and lifestyle marketing. Buzz marketing is just
like word-of-mouth marketing, except it has a far greater reach
because of the Internet. Get people talking about your product.
Get people telling their friends about your product. Finally, get
the people to blog via social media about your product. Do you
see how such word-of-mouth marketing travels around the
globe? And . . . how much does this cost the organization?
Nothing. Word-of-mouth marketing continues to be the most
influential marketing tool. Erik Qualman (2013) stated we have
moved from word-of-mouth to literally "world-of-mouth"
marketing all because of the Internet's reach (p. 1). While
guerrilla marketing and the other alternative marketing venues
have an excellent chance of reaching the desired targeted
market segment, nothing competes with the effectiveness of the
"world-of-mouth." Below is a discussion of consumer
promotions, sales promotion strategies, and trade promotions.
Consumer Promotions
Consumer promotions are all around us in the form of "coupons,
percent-off discounts, free trials and samples, buy one get one
free deals, rebates, premiums, ad specialties, and contests and
sweepstakes" (Kokemuller, para. 1). Although they are used to
increase the sale of a product, their effectiveness in attracting
new, long-term customers is usually the end goal. See this
example of a consumer promotion done right with the target
market in mind:
http://youtu.be/j_DSa15hmKc
Consumer promotions are the incentives directed to the end user
(you). The end user could also be a business who consumes the
product and does not resell the product. Organizations invest a
significant amount of resources into sales promotion strategies
that are designed to attract and engage the consumer to buy.
Sales Promotion Strategies
Sales promotions are activities that encourage buying on a
short-term basis (Ogden & Ogden, 2014). Given this activity is
implemented in hopes of increasing sales, what could possibly
go wrong? Who does not enjoy increased sales? Table 6.1
(Ogden & Ogden, 2014) in our text lists the advantages and the
disadvantages of sales promotions. Immediate sales are terrific
and easy to measure, but those immediate sales are short term.
The sales promotion may encourage the consumer to buy, but
the company may be teaching their customers to wait for sales
before buying. Finally, those sales promotions may dilute the
brand equity of a product line and negatively impact its image.
The Coach brand has been positioned as a luxury retailer for
high-end purses and accessories. Coach products historically
were purchased at high-end retailers; however, the company
changed its strategy and began selling their products at factory
outlets where consumers were given substantial additional
discounts from the 50% pricing already in place (Trefis Team,
2014). While Coach was able to bring in customers who do not
typically purchase high-end luxury items, the organization’s
overall project margin decreased as a result of the sales
promotional strategy. Coach’s core audience has migrated to
other high-end competitors such as Michael Kors and Kate
Spade. Coach now plans to close 70 stores in North America
(Trefis Team).
Trade Promotions
Unlike consumer promotions, trade promotions are used by the
manufacturer or other members of the distribution channel to
encourage the sale of an item that will eventually be resold
(Clow & Baack, 2012). Trade promotions are business-to-
business. A terrific venue for trade promotions would be a trade
show. Trade shows are international, national, and local. One
trade show is the Oklahoma Restaurant Association. Another
local trade show is for the oil and gas industry held in
Oklahoma City. Many vendors will set up a booth in hopes of
meeting the decision makers of the restaurants. Sometimes this
is the only way to get in front of senior managers or owners.
The people who attend the trade show are somewhat relaxed
because they are away from their business and the day-to-day
operations issues. Vendors who sell food will hand out samples,
and other vendors will hand out trinkets – it can be a very
festive, happy environment. Vendors will offer a discount on
the purchase of equipment or waive an installation charge.
Trade shows are a very effective way to meet decision makers
and potential customers!
Forbes School of Business Faculty
References:
Clow, K. E., & Baack, D. (2012). Integrated advertising,
promotion, and marketing communications (5th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Forbes (Mar. 23, 2011). Groupon's second chance [Video file].
Retrieved from http://youtu.be/j_DSa15hmKc
Kokemuller, N. (n.d.). Consumer and trade promotions as
marketing strategies. AZ Central. Retrieved from
http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/consumer-trade-promotions-
marketing-strategies-2869.htmlOgden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T.
(2014). Utilizing a strategic marketing approach to managing
marketing communications. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint
Education, Inc.
Qualman, E. (2013). Socialnomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &
Sons.
Trevis Team. (2014, July 1). Can Coach rebuild its brand image
with new promotional strategies? Forbes. Retrieved from
http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/07/01/can-
coach-rebuild-its-brand-image-with-new-promotional-strategies/
Name:
Course:
Date:
Instructor:
Expository Essay: Pre-Writing Worksheet
Before you begin any writing assignment, it is often necessary
to complete several “pre-writing” activities. This worksheet
will assist you with several of the pre-writing activities
necessary for completing your expository essay including
selecting a topic, brain storming, developing a thesis statement,
and identifying the audience for your essay. Follow the
instructions to complete these pre-writing activities. Make sure
you complete all 7 sections of this worksheet.
1. Choose a Topic
Here is a list of possible essay topics to use for your expository
essay.
Please choose only one topic. You will indicate the topic you
have chosen within the table below.
· If you have a topic that you are passionate about please
contact your instructor for their approval on the topic.
Remember that your topic must be a topic where you can
provide facts, not opinions.
· Video games AND violence
· Internet AND workplace
· Exercise AND obesity
· Academic achievement AND library
2. Read the Module 1 lecture and review “The Writing Process”
media piece.
Be sure to read your Module 1 lecture and review the “The
Writing Process” media piece for instructions on how to
develop a thesis statement and how to identify your audience.
You will need to know how to do this in order to complete the
table below and successfully begin your writing process.
“The Writing Process”
· “Menu”
· “Who is the audience?”
· “How should I brainstorm?” (Because you are required to
choose your topic from the list above, not all brainstorming
examples will be pertinent to this assignment. When reviewing
the “Brainstorming Examples”, “Break down Topic” may be a
good one to start with. However, be sure to review them all to
determine which works best for you.)
· “How do I develop a thesis?”
· “How do I organize my brainstorm into an outline?” (You will
complete this in Module 3)
3. Expository Essay – True or False
After reading through the Module 1 Lecture, answer the
following questions with a True or False answer.
1. An Expository Essay is your opinion.
2. This Expository Essay will also be a five-paragraph essay.
3. You do not have to use research to support your topic in your
essay.
4. Your Expository Essay must have a thesis statement.
5. Your thesis statement will be the last sentence in your
introduction paragraph.
6. For this Expository Essay, your thesis statement can have
more than three sub-topic areas.
4. Brainstorming
Based on the information you learned in the media piece “How
should I brainstorm,” complete the following section about
brainstorming. Choose 2 of the 6 brainstorming methods you
prefer and complete the methods by fill out the following tables
with information about with the topic you have chosen from
above.
What is your 1st Brainstorm Method?
(Make sure you actually complete the method about your topic
in this box)
What is your 2nd Brainstorm Method?
(Make sure you actually complete the method about your topic
in this box)
5. Creating your Thesis Statement:
Below is an example table of a topic and three subtopic points
resulting from brainstorming. From this example you can see
how to formulate your thesis statement based on ideas you have
brainstormed about a topic. In addition, below the table is an
outlined version of how to put a thesis statement together, based
on subtopic points.
Example:
Example:
Subtopic Point 1 = dedication
Subtopic Point 2 = accountability
Subtopic Point 3 = effective time management
Example Thesis Statement:
Students can attain success in the online classroom through
dedication, accountability, and effective time management.
Your Turn: Fill out the table below with the three most
important sub-topics you found from brainstorming about your
topic.
Now, outline your sub-topic points and write them below.
Subtopic Point1 =
Subtopic Point 2 =
Subtopic Point 3 =
Your Thesis Statement:
Now create this into a statement. Remember your thesis
statement needs to be a one sentence statement!
Example:
6. Expanding on your Subtopic Points: Below is an example of
how to expand on your thesis statement subtopic points to
develop your supporting paragraphs of your essay.
Your Turn: Fill out the below table based on your thesis
statement about your topic and supporting points. Under each
supporting paragraph point write additional information to
expand on each point to help develop your talking points within
your 3 supporting paragraphs for your Expository Essay.
7. Identify Your Audience: Submit this completed worksheet to
the Expository Essay: Pre-Writing Worksheet drop box by the
end of Day 7 of Module 1.
1. Who is your audience? Think about who will be affected by
your topic choice.
2. What would be important to your audience?
3. What is the appropriate voice and tone to address this
audience (professional, familial, friendly)? Explain your choice.
Topic
*Online learning and being a successful student
1st Subtopic Point
*Dedication
2nd Subtopic Point
*Accountability
3rd Subtopic Point
*Time Management
What is your topic?
*
1st
Subtopic Point?
*
2nd
Subtopic Point?
*
3rd
Subtopic Point?
*
Thesis Statement
* Students can attain success in the online classroom through
dedication, accountability, and effective time management.
1st Supporting paragraph, point 1
*Dedication
2nd Supporting paragraph, point 2
*Accountability
Supporting point 2
* Setting personal and realistic expectations
3rd Supporting paragraph, point 3
*Time Management
Supporting point 2
* Setting realistic goals/making sacrifices
Supporting point 1
* Inner drive
Supporting point 1
* Student holding themselves accountable
Supporting point 1
*Maintainging a schedule
Supporting point 2
*Motivation needs to be key trait
Supporting point 3
* Decision to commit to an education
Supporting point 3
* Effective communication skils
Supporting point 3
* Creating a more structured/balanced life
What is your thesis statement?
*
1st Supporting paragraph, point1?
*
Supporting point 2?
*
2nd Supporting paragraph, point 2?
*
Supporting point 2?
*
3rd Supporting paragraph, point 3?
*
Supporting point 2?
*
Supporting point 1?
*
Supporting point 1?
*
Supporting point 1?
*
Supporting point 3?
*
Supporting point 3?
*
Supporting point 3?
*
© 2011. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

More Related Content

Similar to Week Four Lecture Alternative MarketingMarketing venues used t.docx

Market research for artists
Market research for artistsMarket research for artists
Market research for artistsJulie Fossitt
 
Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for ETS exam….
Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for  ETS exam….Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for  ETS exam….
Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for ETS exam….authors boards
 
How to grow in a crowded market
How to grow in a crowded marketHow to grow in a crowded market
How to grow in a crowded marketSteve Offsey
 
25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)
25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)
25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)Jose Gonzalez
 
MKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.comkopiko163
 
MKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.comkopiko97
 
MKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.comkopiko182
 
Charity ad part four report
Charity ad part four reportCharity ad part four report
Charity ad part four reportsssfcmedia
 
The marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing group
The marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing groupThe marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing group
The marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing groupNapier Marketing Group, LLC.
 
MKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.comWindyMiller27
 
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docx
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docxWrite a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docx
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docxambersalomon88660
 
The creative brief (spring 2021)
The creative brief (spring 2021)The creative brief (spring 2021)
The creative brief (spring 2021)Marshall Pickard
 
Mastering the Art of Lead Generation
Mastering the Art of Lead GenerationMastering the Art of Lead Generation
Mastering the Art of Lead GenerationDebbie Madden
 
Chapter13
Chapter13Chapter13
Chapter13audrey
 
M K T 14 New
M K T 14 NewM K T 14 New
M K T 14 Newaudrey
 
Brand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate Toolkit
Brand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate ToolkitBrand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate Toolkit
Brand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate ToolkitAshton Bishop
 
MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docx
 MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docx MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docx
MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docxaryan532920
 

Similar to Week Four Lecture Alternative MarketingMarketing venues used t.docx (20)

Market research for artists
Market research for artistsMarket research for artists
Market research for artists
 
Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for ETS exam….
Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for  ETS exam….Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for  ETS exam….
Marketing Strategy…… KEY CONCEPTS to review for ETS exam….
 
How to grow in a crowded market
How to grow in a crowded marketHow to grow in a crowded market
How to grow in a crowded market
 
25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)
25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)
25 steps-fundraising-guide (1)
 
Dienstag
DienstagDienstag
Dienstag
 
Benefit Testing CASE2004
Benefit Testing CASE2004Benefit Testing CASE2004
Benefit Testing CASE2004
 
MKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Achievement Education--mkt421edu.com
 
MKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Counseling -- mkt421edu.com
 
MKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Redefined Education--mkt421edu.com
 
Charity ad part four report
Charity ad part four reportCharity ad part four report
Charity ad part four report
 
The marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing group
The marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing groupThe marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing group
The marketing brief worksheet developed by napier marketing group
 
MKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.comMKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.com
MKT 421 EDU Education Planning--mkt421edu.com
 
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docx
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docxWrite a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docx
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you1. Compare a.docx
 
Marketing adv
Marketing advMarketing adv
Marketing adv
 
The creative brief (spring 2021)
The creative brief (spring 2021)The creative brief (spring 2021)
The creative brief (spring 2021)
 
Mastering the Art of Lead Generation
Mastering the Art of Lead GenerationMastering the Art of Lead Generation
Mastering the Art of Lead Generation
 
Chapter13
Chapter13Chapter13
Chapter13
 
M K T 14 New
M K T 14 NewM K T 14 New
M K T 14 New
 
Brand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate Toolkit
Brand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate ToolkitBrand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate Toolkit
Brand Box 1 - Know Your Business - The Marketer's Ultimate Toolkit
 
MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docx
 MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docx MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docx
MBA 6601, International Business 1 Course Learning Ou.docx
 

More from alanfhall8953

With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docx
With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docxWith regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docx
With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docxalanfhall8953
 
WIT Financial Accounting Test Ch.docx
WIT                   Financial Accounting Test                 Ch.docxWIT                   Financial Accounting Test                 Ch.docx
WIT Financial Accounting Test Ch.docxalanfhall8953
 
Windows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docx
Windows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docxWindows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docx
Windows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docxalanfhall8953
 
Wireshark Lab TCP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab TCP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docxWireshark Lab TCP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab TCP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docxalanfhall8953
 
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docxWireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docxalanfhall8953
 
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docxWireshark Lab IP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docxalanfhall8953
 
Willowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docx
Willowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docxWillowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docx
Willowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docxalanfhall8953
 
Wind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docx
Wind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docxWind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docx
Wind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docxalanfhall8953
 
winter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docx
winter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docxwinter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docx
winter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docxalanfhall8953
 
WinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docx
WinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docxWinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docx
WinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docxalanfhall8953
 
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docx
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docxWiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docx
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docxalanfhall8953
 
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docx
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docxWinter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docx
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docxalanfhall8953
 
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docx
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docxWith the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docx
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docxalanfhall8953
 
Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012.docx
Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials  Windows Server 2012.docxWindows Server 2012 R2 Essentials  Windows Server 2012.docx
Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012.docxalanfhall8953
 
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docx
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docxWind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docx
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docxalanfhall8953
 
WilliamStearman_Java301build.xml Builds, tests, and ru.docx
WilliamStearman_Java301build.xml      Builds, tests, and ru.docxWilliamStearman_Java301build.xml      Builds, tests, and ru.docx
WilliamStearman_Java301build.xml Builds, tests, and ru.docxalanfhall8953
 
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docx
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docxWilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docx
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docxalanfhall8953
 
Wilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docx
Wilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docxWilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docx
Wilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docxalanfhall8953
 
WinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture .docx
WinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture   .docxWinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture   .docx
WinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture .docxalanfhall8953
 
William PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docx
William PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docxWilliam PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docx
William PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docxalanfhall8953
 

More from alanfhall8953 (20)

With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docx
With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docxWith regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docx
With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docx
 
WIT Financial Accounting Test Ch.docx
WIT                   Financial Accounting Test                 Ch.docxWIT                   Financial Accounting Test                 Ch.docx
WIT Financial Accounting Test Ch.docx
 
Windows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docx
Windows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docxWindows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docx
Windows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docx
 
Wireshark Lab TCP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab TCP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docxWireshark Lab TCP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab TCP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
 
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docxWireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0Supplement to Computer Networking A Top-D.docx
 
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docxWireshark Lab IP v6.0  Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
Wireshark Lab IP v6.0 Supplement to Computer Networking.docx
 
Willowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docx
Willowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docxWillowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docx
Willowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docx
 
Wind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docx
Wind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docxWind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docx
Wind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docx
 
winter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docx
winter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docxwinter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docx
winter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docx
 
WinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docx
WinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docxWinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docx
WinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docx
 
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docx
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docxWiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docx
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docx
 
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docx
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docxWinter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docx
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docx
 
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docx
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docxWith the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docx
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docx
 
Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012.docx
Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials  Windows Server 2012.docxWindows Server 2012 R2 Essentials  Windows Server 2012.docx
Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012.docx
 
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docx
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docxWind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docx
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docx
 
WilliamStearman_Java301build.xml Builds, tests, and ru.docx
WilliamStearman_Java301build.xml      Builds, tests, and ru.docxWilliamStearman_Java301build.xml      Builds, tests, and ru.docx
WilliamStearman_Java301build.xml Builds, tests, and ru.docx
 
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docx
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docxWilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docx
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docx
 
Wilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docx
Wilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docxWilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docx
Wilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docx
 
WinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture .docx
WinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture   .docxWinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture   .docx
WinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture .docx
 
William PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docx
William PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docxWilliam PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docx
William PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docx
 

Recently uploaded

THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONHumphrey A Beña
 
Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1
Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1
Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1GloryAnnCastre1
 
IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...
IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...
IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...MerlizValdezGeronimo
 
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
Q-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITW
Q-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITWQ-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITW
Q-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITWQuiz Club NITW
 
week 1 cookery 8 fourth - quarter .pptx
week 1 cookery 8  fourth  -  quarter .pptxweek 1 cookery 8  fourth  -  quarter .pptx
week 1 cookery 8 fourth - quarter .pptxJonalynLegaspi2
 
Transaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemTransaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemChristalin Nelson
 
How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17
How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17
How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17Celine George
 
MS4 level being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdf
MS4 level   being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdfMS4 level   being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdf
MS4 level being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdfMr Bounab Samir
 
Concurrency Control in Database Management system
Concurrency Control in Database Management systemConcurrency Control in Database Management system
Concurrency Control in Database Management systemChristalin Nelson
 
Grade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptx
Grade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptxGrade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptx
Grade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptxkarenfajardo43
 
Congestive Cardiac Failure..presentation
Congestive Cardiac Failure..presentationCongestive Cardiac Failure..presentation
Congestive Cardiac Failure..presentationdeepaannamalai16
 
BIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptx
BIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptxBIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptx
BIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptxSayali Powar
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptxmary850239
 
Multi Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP Module
Multi Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP ModuleMulti Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP Module
Multi Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
 
Mental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young minds
Mental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young mindsMental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young minds
Mental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young mindsPooky Knightsmith
 
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
ClimART Action    |    eTwinning ProjectClimART Action    |    eTwinning Project
ClimART Action | eTwinning Projectjordimapav
 

Recently uploaded (20)

THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 
Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1
Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1
Reading and Writing Skills 11 quarter 4 melc 1
 
IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...
IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...
IPCRF/RPMS 2024 Classroom Observation tool is your access to the new performa...
 
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
 
Q-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITW
Q-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITWQ-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITW
Q-Factor General Quiz-7th April 2024, Quiz Club NITW
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Large Language Models"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Large Language Models"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Large Language Models"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Large Language Models"
 
week 1 cookery 8 fourth - quarter .pptx
week 1 cookery 8  fourth  -  quarter .pptxweek 1 cookery 8  fourth  -  quarter .pptx
week 1 cookery 8 fourth - quarter .pptx
 
Transaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemTransaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management System
 
How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17
How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17
How to Fix XML SyntaxError in Odoo the 17
 
Faculty Profile prashantha K EEE dept Sri Sairam college of Engineering
Faculty Profile prashantha K EEE dept Sri Sairam college of EngineeringFaculty Profile prashantha K EEE dept Sri Sairam college of Engineering
Faculty Profile prashantha K EEE dept Sri Sairam college of Engineering
 
MS4 level being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdf
MS4 level   being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdfMS4 level   being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdf
MS4 level being good citizen -imperative- (1) (1).pdf
 
Concurrency Control in Database Management system
Concurrency Control in Database Management systemConcurrency Control in Database Management system
Concurrency Control in Database Management system
 
Grade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptx
Grade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptxGrade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptx
Grade Three -ELLNA-REVIEWER-ENGLISH.pptx
 
Congestive Cardiac Failure..presentation
Congestive Cardiac Failure..presentationCongestive Cardiac Failure..presentation
Congestive Cardiac Failure..presentation
 
BIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptx
BIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptxBIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptx
BIOCHEMISTRY-CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM CHAPTER 2.pptx
 
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptxINCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES FOR TEACHERS AND TRAINERS.pptx
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
 
Multi Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP Module
Multi Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP ModuleMulti Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP Module
Multi Domain Alias In the Odoo 17 ERP Module
 
Mental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young minds
Mental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young mindsMental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young minds
Mental Health Awareness - a toolkit for supporting young minds
 
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
ClimART Action    |    eTwinning ProjectClimART Action    |    eTwinning Project
ClimART Action | eTwinning Project
 

Week Four Lecture Alternative MarketingMarketing venues used t.docx

  • 1. Week Four Lecture Alternative Marketing Marketing venues used to be so traditional: we had three network channels, outdoor billboards, newspapers, magazines, and a few radio stations located in each market. Not true for today! Today's marketer has to select from the traditional venues along with dozens of cable channels, satellite radio, and the Internet. The Internet alone adds selections such as smartphones, tablets, and social media. What is a marketer to do? How does a marketer begin to select a venue that has the highest probability of reaching the organization's potential customers on a limited budget? Today's marketers have embraced a new method of communication; along with the traditional venues, marketers now also use alternative marketing tactics such as "buzz marketing, guerrilla marketing, product placements and branded entertainment, and lifestyle marketing" (Clow & Baack, 2012, p. 258). Sometimes this is called "tradigital marketing" because the marketing strategy is a combination of traditional and digital venues. How does a marketer select a venue? Marketers will use the venue believed offers the highest probability of reaching their targeted market segments. Our text does a very good job of describing buzz marketing, guerrilla marketing, product placements and branded entertainment, and lifestyle marketing. Buzz marketing is just like word-of-mouth marketing, except it has a far greater reach because of the Internet. Get people talking about your product. Get people telling their friends about your product. Finally, get the people to blog via social media about your product. Do you see how such word-of-mouth marketing travels around the globe? And . . . how much does this cost the organization? Nothing. Word-of-mouth marketing continues to be the most influential marketing tool. Erik Qualman (2013) stated we have moved from word-of-mouth to literally "world-of-mouth"
  • 2. marketing all because of the Internet's reach (p. 1). While guerrilla marketing and the other alternative marketing venues have an excellent chance of reaching the desired targeted market segment, nothing competes with the effectiveness of the "world-of-mouth." Below is a discussion of consumer promotions, sales promotion strategies, and trade promotions. Consumer Promotions Consumer promotions are all around us in the form of "coupons, percent-off discounts, free trials and samples, buy one get one free deals, rebates, premiums, ad specialties, and contests and sweepstakes" (Kokemuller, para. 1). Although they are used to increase the sale of a product, their effectiveness in attracting new, long-term customers is usually the end goal. See this example of a consumer promotion done right with the target market in mind: http://youtu.be/j_DSa15hmKc Consumer promotions are the incentives directed to the end user (you). The end user could also be a business who consumes the product and does not resell the product. Organizations invest a significant amount of resources into sales promotion strategies that are designed to attract and engage the consumer to buy. Sales Promotion Strategies Sales promotions are activities that encourage buying on a short-term basis (Ogden & Ogden, 2014). Given this activity is implemented in hopes of increasing sales, what could possibly go wrong? Who does not enjoy increased sales? Table 6.1 (Ogden & Ogden, 2014) in our text lists the advantages and the disadvantages of sales promotions. Immediate sales are terrific and easy to measure, but those immediate sales are short term. The sales promotion may encourage the consumer to buy, but the company may be teaching their customers to wait for sales before buying. Finally, those sales promotions may dilute the brand equity of a product line and negatively impact its image. The Coach brand has been positioned as a luxury retailer for high-end purses and accessories. Coach products historically were purchased at high-end retailers; however, the company
  • 3. changed its strategy and began selling their products at factory outlets where consumers were given substantial additional discounts from the 50% pricing already in place (Trefis Team, 2014). While Coach was able to bring in customers who do not typically purchase high-end luxury items, the organization’s overall project margin decreased as a result of the sales promotional strategy. Coach’s core audience has migrated to other high-end competitors such as Michael Kors and Kate Spade. Coach now plans to close 70 stores in North America (Trefis Team). Trade Promotions Unlike consumer promotions, trade promotions are used by the manufacturer or other members of the distribution channel to encourage the sale of an item that will eventually be resold (Clow & Baack, 2012). Trade promotions are business-to- business. A terrific venue for trade promotions would be a trade show. Trade shows are international, national, and local. One trade show is the Oklahoma Restaurant Association. Another local trade show is for the oil and gas industry held in Oklahoma City. Many vendors will set up a booth in hopes of meeting the decision makers of the restaurants. Sometimes this is the only way to get in front of senior managers or owners. The people who attend the trade show are somewhat relaxed because they are away from their business and the day-to-day operations issues. Vendors who sell food will hand out samples, and other vendors will hand out trinkets – it can be a very festive, happy environment. Vendors will offer a discount on the purchase of equipment or waive an installation charge. Trade shows are a very effective way to meet decision makers and potential customers! Forbes School of Business Faculty References: Clow, K. E., & Baack, D. (2012). Integrated advertising,
  • 4. promotion, and marketing communications (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Forbes (Mar. 23, 2011). Groupon's second chance [Video file]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/j_DSa15hmKc Kokemuller, N. (n.d.). Consumer and trade promotions as marketing strategies. AZ Central. Retrieved from http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/consumer-trade-promotions- marketing-strategies-2869.htmlOgden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T. (2014). Utilizing a strategic marketing approach to managing marketing communications. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Qualman, E. (2013). Socialnomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Trevis Team. (2014, July 1). Can Coach rebuild its brand image with new promotional strategies? Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/07/01/can- coach-rebuild-its-brand-image-with-new-promotional-strategies/ Name: Course: Date: Instructor: Expository Essay: Pre-Writing Worksheet Before you begin any writing assignment, it is often necessary to complete several “pre-writing” activities. This worksheet will assist you with several of the pre-writing activities necessary for completing your expository essay including selecting a topic, brain storming, developing a thesis statement, and identifying the audience for your essay. Follow the instructions to complete these pre-writing activities. Make sure you complete all 7 sections of this worksheet.
  • 5. 1. Choose a Topic Here is a list of possible essay topics to use for your expository essay. Please choose only one topic. You will indicate the topic you have chosen within the table below. · If you have a topic that you are passionate about please contact your instructor for their approval on the topic. Remember that your topic must be a topic where you can provide facts, not opinions. · Video games AND violence · Internet AND workplace · Exercise AND obesity · Academic achievement AND library 2. Read the Module 1 lecture and review “The Writing Process” media piece. Be sure to read your Module 1 lecture and review the “The Writing Process” media piece for instructions on how to develop a thesis statement and how to identify your audience. You will need to know how to do this in order to complete the table below and successfully begin your writing process. “The Writing Process” · “Menu” · “Who is the audience?” · “How should I brainstorm?” (Because you are required to choose your topic from the list above, not all brainstorming examples will be pertinent to this assignment. When reviewing the “Brainstorming Examples”, “Break down Topic” may be a good one to start with. However, be sure to review them all to determine which works best for you.) · “How do I develop a thesis?” · “How do I organize my brainstorm into an outline?” (You will complete this in Module 3) 3. Expository Essay – True or False After reading through the Module 1 Lecture, answer the following questions with a True or False answer.
  • 6. 1. An Expository Essay is your opinion. 2. This Expository Essay will also be a five-paragraph essay. 3. You do not have to use research to support your topic in your essay. 4. Your Expository Essay must have a thesis statement. 5. Your thesis statement will be the last sentence in your introduction paragraph. 6. For this Expository Essay, your thesis statement can have more than three sub-topic areas. 4. Brainstorming Based on the information you learned in the media piece “How should I brainstorm,” complete the following section about brainstorming. Choose 2 of the 6 brainstorming methods you prefer and complete the methods by fill out the following tables with information about with the topic you have chosen from above. What is your 1st Brainstorm Method? (Make sure you actually complete the method about your topic in this box) What is your 2nd Brainstorm Method? (Make sure you actually complete the method about your topic in this box)
  • 7. 5. Creating your Thesis Statement: Below is an example table of a topic and three subtopic points resulting from brainstorming. From this example you can see how to formulate your thesis statement based on ideas you have brainstormed about a topic. In addition, below the table is an outlined version of how to put a thesis statement together, based on subtopic points. Example: Example: Subtopic Point 1 = dedication Subtopic Point 2 = accountability Subtopic Point 3 = effective time management Example Thesis Statement: Students can attain success in the online classroom through dedication, accountability, and effective time management. Your Turn: Fill out the table below with the three most important sub-topics you found from brainstorming about your topic.
  • 8. Now, outline your sub-topic points and write them below. Subtopic Point1 = Subtopic Point 2 = Subtopic Point 3 = Your Thesis Statement: Now create this into a statement. Remember your thesis statement needs to be a one sentence statement! Example: 6. Expanding on your Subtopic Points: Below is an example of how to expand on your thesis statement subtopic points to develop your supporting paragraphs of your essay. Your Turn: Fill out the below table based on your thesis statement about your topic and supporting points. Under each supporting paragraph point write additional information to expand on each point to help develop your talking points within your 3 supporting paragraphs for your Expository Essay. 7. Identify Your Audience: Submit this completed worksheet to the Expository Essay: Pre-Writing Worksheet drop box by the
  • 9. end of Day 7 of Module 1. 1. Who is your audience? Think about who will be affected by your topic choice. 2. What would be important to your audience? 3. What is the appropriate voice and tone to address this audience (professional, familial, friendly)? Explain your choice. Topic *Online learning and being a successful student 1st Subtopic Point *Dedication 2nd Subtopic Point *Accountability 3rd Subtopic Point *Time Management
  • 10. What is your topic? * 1st Subtopic Point? * 2nd Subtopic Point? * 3rd Subtopic Point? * Thesis Statement
  • 11. * Students can attain success in the online classroom through dedication, accountability, and effective time management. 1st Supporting paragraph, point 1 *Dedication 2nd Supporting paragraph, point 2 *Accountability Supporting point 2 * Setting personal and realistic expectations 3rd Supporting paragraph, point 3 *Time Management Supporting point 2 * Setting realistic goals/making sacrifices Supporting point 1 * Inner drive Supporting point 1 * Student holding themselves accountable Supporting point 1 *Maintainging a schedule
  • 12. Supporting point 2 *Motivation needs to be key trait Supporting point 3 * Decision to commit to an education Supporting point 3 * Effective communication skils Supporting point 3 * Creating a more structured/balanced life
  • 13. What is your thesis statement? * 1st Supporting paragraph, point1? * Supporting point 2? * 2nd Supporting paragraph, point 2? * Supporting point 2? * 3rd Supporting paragraph, point 3? *
  • 14. Supporting point 2? * Supporting point 1? * Supporting point 1? * Supporting point 1? * Supporting point 3? * Supporting point 3? * Supporting point 3? *
  • 15. © 2011. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.