The document discusses how our understanding of gravity has changed over time, from Galileo and Newton to Einstein and modern theories. It covers topics like quantum gravity, black holes, dark energy, and experiments at the cutting edge of physics like detecting gravitational waves, neutrinos, and researching particles at the LHC. The document suggests that while we have learned much, gravity remains incompletely understood and further discoveries at the frontiers of astronomy and physics may reveal new aspects of gravity not like what earlier scientists envisioned.
3. Endeavor blasts off
Not your grandfather’s gravity www.timeandquantummechanics.com
Tuesday, May 31, 2011
4. Outline
• A brief history of gravity
• The Runaway universe
• At the edge of the known
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
6. Orbits of the planets
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
7. Mysterium
Cosmographicum
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
8. Mysterium
Cosmographicum
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
9. Mysterium
Cosmographicum
Science is
organized
common sense
where many a
beautiful theory
is killed by an
ugly fact. -
Huxley
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
10. Kepler’s orbits,
Newton’s Law
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
11. Kepler’s orbits,
Newton’s Law
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
12. Hollow Earth
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
20. Riemann Curvature
Tensor
b d Effect of
curvature
a
b
b
c
a d = ( ∇ ( b ) ∇ ( a ) − ∇ ( a ) ∇ ( b )) c
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
21. Einstein’s field
equation
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
22. Einstein’s field
equation
x =R x
d d
abc
c
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
23. Einstein’s field
equation
⎛ ρ 0 0 0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ 0 p 0 0 ⎟
x =R x
d d
abc
c ( fluid )
Tµν =
⎜ 0 0 p 0 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜
⎝ 0 0 0 p ⎟
⎠
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
24. Einstein’s field
equation
⎛ ρ 0 0 0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ 0 p 0 0 ⎟
x =R x
d d
abc
c ( fluid )
Tµν =
⎜ 0 0 p 0 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜
⎝ 0 0 0 p ⎟
⎠
1 8π G
Rµν − gµν R = 2 Tµν
2 c
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
25. Einstein’s field
equation
⎛ ρ 0 0 0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ 0 p 0 0 ⎟
x =R x
d d
abc
c ( fluid )
Tµν =
⎜ 0 0 p 0 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜
⎝ 0 0 0 p ⎟
⎠
1 8π G
Rµν − gµν R = 2 Tµν − gµν Λ
2 c
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
26. Quantum gravity
• Gravity is itself
a source of
gravity
• Quantum
mechanics
predicts almost
infinite
cosmological
constant
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
28. Black hole
information paradox
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
29. Black hole
information paradox
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
30. Thermodynamics &
gravity
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
31. Thermodynamics &
gravity
• Surface
gravity ~
Temperature
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
32. Thermodynamics &
gravity
• Surface
gravity ~
Temperature
• Area ~
entropy
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
33. Thermodynamics &
gravity
• Surface
gravity ~
Temperature
• Area ~
entropy
• Mass ~ energy
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
34. Thermodynamics &
gravity
• Surface
gravity ~
Temperature
• Area ~
entropy
• Mass ~ energy
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
35. Entropic gravity
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
36. Entropic gravity
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
37. Entropic gravity
For me gravity doesn’t exist,” — Verlinde
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
38. NASA / WMAP Science Team
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
39. NASA / WMAP Science Team
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
40. Type Ia supernova
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
41. The music of the spheres
http://www.astro.uvic.ca/~alexhp/new/supernova_sonata.html
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
42. Baryonic Matter (us)
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
47. The edge of the
known
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
48. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
49. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy
• Neutrinos
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
50. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy
• Neutrinos
• Cosmic rays
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
51. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy
• Neutrinos
• Cosmic rays
• Gravity waves
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
52. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy
• Neutrinos
• Cosmic rays
• Gravity waves
• Wimps
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
53. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy • CERN/LHC
• Neutrinos
• Cosmic rays
• Gravity waves
• Wimps
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
54. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy • CERN/LHC
• Neutrinos • Higgs Boson
• Cosmic rays
• Gravity waves
• Wimps
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
55. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy • CERN/LHC
• Neutrinos • Higgs Boson
• Cosmic rays • Wimps
• Gravity waves
• Wimps
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
56. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy • CERN/LHC
• Neutrinos • Higgs Boson
• Cosmic rays • Wimps
• Gravity waves • Strings
• Wimps
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
57. The edge of the
known
• Astronomy • CERN/LHC
• Neutrinos • Higgs Boson
• Cosmic rays • Wimps
• Gravity waves • Strings
• Wimps • Baby Black Holes
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
58. Neutrinos
Neutron
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
59. Neutrinos
Neutron
Neutron Decay
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
60. Neutrinos
Neutron Sudbery
Neutron Decay Neutrino
Detector
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
61. Cosmic Rays
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
62. Cosmic Rays
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
63. Gravity
Waves
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
64. Gravity
Waves
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
65. Gravity
Waves
Binary pulsar
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
66. Gravity
Waves
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
71. Higgs Bosons
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
72. String theory &
Calabi-Yau spaces
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
73. Research is the process
of going up alleys to
see if they are blind
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
74. Research is the process
of going up alleys to
see if they are blind
• Quark gluon plasmas
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
75. Research is the process
of going up alleys to
see if they are blind
• Quark gluon plasmas
• Cyclic universes
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
76. Research is the process
of going up alleys to
see if they are blind
• Quark gluon plasmas
• Cyclic universes
• Inflation
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
77. Research is the process
of going up alleys to
see if they are blind
• Quark gluon plasmas
• Cyclic universes
• Inflation
• Curious abundance of anti-
matter
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
78. Research is the process
of going up alleys to
see if they are blind
• Quark gluon plasmas
• Cyclic universes
• Inflation
• Curious abundance of anti-
matter
•…
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
79. May 27th,
2011
Daily Galaxy
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
80. May 27th,
2011
Daily Galaxy
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
81. Since Jan 2010
• Gravity may be an entropic
force
• Universe is definitely 95%
mysterious
• Neutrino, Cosmic ray, Wimp, &
gravitational telescopes
online or in development
• LHC online & looking for
Higgs boson, Calabi-Yau
dimensions, ...
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011
82. • Susskind: Cosmic Landscape,
black hole war
• Halpern: Collider; Lincoln:
large hadron collider
• Ananthaswamy: edge of physics
• Panek: 4% universe; Hammond:
Unknown Universe
• Greene, Hawking, Smolin, Yau,
Steinhardt & Turok, Wilczek,…
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Tuesday, May 31, 2011