Genius is the gold in the mine

“ Genius is the gold in the mine; talent is
the miner who works and brings it out. ”
Lady Marguerite Blessington

Donets Basin
Mina de carvão-Ucrânia

@akitaonrails

Ruby e Ruby on Rails - 2006

Rails Summit Latin America - 2008

RubyConf Brasil - 2010

Patterns e
Anti-Patterns
em Ruby
Fabio Akita (@akitaonrails)

STANDARD

Pattern PADRÃO

Default

"...each pattern represents our current best
guess ... to solve the problem presented. ..., the
patterns are still hypotheses, all ... of them -and
are therefore all tentative, all free to evolve under
the impact of new experience and observation"

—Christopher Alexander, A Pattern Language, p. xv

require 'erubis'

def render_erb(filepath)
content = File.read(filepath)
template = Erubis::Eruby.new(content)
context = { title: "Hello World",
paragraph: "This is an ERB template." }
output = template.evaluate(context)
end

puts render_erb("sample.erb")

ERB

<html>
<head><title><%= @title %></title></head>
<body>
<p><%= @paragraph %></p>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head><title>Hello World</title></head>
<body>
<p>This is an ERB template.</p>
</body>
</html>

ERB

require 'rdiscount'

def render_markdown(filepath)
content = File.read(filepath)
template = RDiscount.new(content)
output = template.to_html
end

puts render_markdown("sample.md")

Markdown

# Hello World

This is a Markdown example

* [Markdown](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
syntax/)

<h1>Hello World</h1>

<p>This is a Markdown example</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
syntax/">Markdown</a></li>
</ul>

Markdown

def render(filepath)
case filepath
when /erb$/ then render_erb(filepath)
when /md$/ then render_markdown(filepath)
when /sass$/ then render_sass(filepath)
...
end
end

puts render("sample.erb")

ENGINE FILE EXTENSIONS REQUIRED LIBRARIES
-------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------------
ERB .erb, .rhtml none (included ruby stdlib)
Interpolated String .str none (included ruby core)
Erubis .erb, .rhtml, .erubis erubis
Haml .haml haml
Sass .sass haml (< 3.1) or sass (>= 3.1)
Scss .scss haml (< 3.1) or sass (>= 3.1)
Less CSS .less less
Builder .builder builder
Liquid .liquid liquid
RDiscount .markdown, .mkd, .md rdiscount
Redcarpet .markdown, .mkd, .md redcarpet
BlueCloth .markdown, .mkd, .md bluecloth
Kramdown .markdown, .mkd, .md kramdown
Maruku .markdown, .mkd, .md maruku
RedCloth .textile redcloth
RDoc .rdoc rdoc
Radius .radius radius
Markaby .mab markaby
Nokogiri .nokogiri nokogiri
CoffeeScript .coffee coffee-script (+ javascript)
Creole (Wiki markup) .wiki, .creole creole
WikiCloth (Wiki markup) .wiki, .mediawiki, .mw wikicloth
Yajl .yajl yajl-ruby

Template Engines supported by Tilt

require 'tilt'

template = Tilt.new("sample.erb")
output = template.render(context)

puts output

template = Tilt.new("sample.md")
output = template.render

puts output

ERB and Markdown through Tilt

require 'tilt'

template = Tilt::ErubisTemplate.new("sample.erb")
output = template.render(context)

puts output

template = Tilt::RDiscountTemplate.new("sample.md")
output = template.render

puts output

Same example as previously

module Tilt
...
@preferred_mappings = Hash.new
@template_mappings = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }

# Hash of template path pattern => template implementation class mappings.
def self.mappings
@template_mappings
end
...

# Register a template implementation by file extension.
def self.register(template_class, *extensions)
if template_class.respond_to?(:to_str)
# Support register(ext, template_class) too
extensions, template_class = [template_class], extensions[0]
end

extensions.each do |ext|
ext = normalize(ext)
mappings[ext].unshift(template_class).uniq!
end
end
...

tilt.rb

require 'tilt/string'
register StringTemplate, 'str'

require 'tilt/erb'
register ERBTemplate, 'erb', 'rhtml'
register ErubisTemplate, 'erb', 'rhtml', 'erubis'

require 'tilt/haml'
register HamlTemplate, 'haml'

require 'tilt/css'
register SassTemplate, 'sass'
register ScssTemplate, 'scss'
register LessTemplate, 'less'

...

Tilt#register

> Tilt["erb"]
=> Tilt::ErubisTemplate

> Tilt["md"]
=> Tilt::RDiscountTemplate

> Tilt["haml"]
=> Tilt::HamlTemplate

> Tilt['coffee']
=> Tilt::CoffeeScriptTemplate

Tilt#[]

module Tilt
...
# Create a new template for the given
# file using the file's extension
# to determine the the template mapping.
def self.new(file, line=nil, options={}, &block)
if template_class = self[file]
template_class.new(file, line, options, &block)
else
fail "No template engine registered for
#{File.basename(file)}"
end
end

Tilt overrided #new

module Tilt
# Base class for template implementations.
# Subclasses must implement the #prepare method and one
# of the #evaluate or #precompiled_template methods.
class Template
...
def render(scope=Object.new, locals={}, &block)
evaluate scope, locals || {}, &block
end

protected
def prepare; ... end
def evaluate(scope, locals, &block); ... end
def precompiled(locals); ... end
def precompiled_template(locals); ... end
def precompiled_preamble(locals); ... end
def precompiled_postamble(locals); ''; end
def compiled_method(locals_keys); ... end
end
end

Tilt::Template Lint

module Tilt
# RedCloth implementation. See:
# http://redcloth.org/
class RedClothTemplate < Template
def self.engine_initialized?
defined? ::RedCloth
end

def initialize_engine
require_template_library 'redcloth'
end

def prepare
@engine = RedCloth.new(data)
@output = nil
end

def evaluate(scope, locals, &block)
@output ||= @engine.to_html
end
end
end

Tilt::RedClothTemplate Implementation

Rails Mongrel

Sinatra CGI Thin

Ramaze Webrick

Simple Web

Rails Mongrel

Sinatra Rack
CGI Thin

Ramaze Webrick

Simple Web

class HelloWorld
def call(env)
[200,
{"Content-Type" => "text/plain"},
["Hello world!"]]
end
end

hello_world = ->(env) {
[200,
{"Content-Type" => "text/plain"},
["Hello world!"]]
}

Minimal Rack Compliant

hello_world = ->(env) {
[200,
{"Content-Type" => "text/html"},
["<h1>Hello world!</h1>"]]
}

use Rack::ContentType, "text/html"
use Rack::ShowExceptions
use Rack::Auth::Basic, "Rack Demo" do |username, password|
'secret' == password
end

# Setup Rack
run Rack::URLMap.new( {
"/hello" => hello_world,
"/" => Rack::File.new( "index.html" )
} )

rackup app.ru

module Rack
class ContentType
include Rack::Utils

def initialize(app, content_type = "text/html")
@app, @content_type = app, content_type
end

def call(env)
status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
headers = Utils::HeaderHash.new(headers)

unless STATUS_WITH_NO_ENTITY_BODY.include?(status)
headers['Content-Type'] ||= @content_type
end

[status, headers, body]
end
end
end

rackup app.ru

use ActionDispatch::Static
use Rack::Lock
...
use Rack::Runtime
use Rack::MethodOverride
use ActionDispatch::RequestId
use Rails::Rack::Logger
use ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions
use ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions
use ActionDispatch::RemoteIp
use ActionDispatch::Reloader
use ActionDispatch::Callbacks
use ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement
use ActiveRecord::QueryCache
use ActionDispatch::Cookies
use ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore
use ActionDispatch::Flash
use ActionDispatch::ParamsParser
use ActionDispatch::Head
use Rack::ConditionalGet
use Rack::ETag
use ActionDispatch::BestStandardsSupport
use Warden::Manager
use OmniAuth::Strategies::Twitter
use OmniAuth::Strategies::Facebook
run Rubyconf2012::Application.routes

rake middleware (Rails)

class Relationship
attr_accessor :state

def initialize
@state = :dating
end

def get_married
make_vows
@state = :married
eat_wedding_cake
end

def get_divorced
@state = :divorced
end

def make_vows; "I do"; end
def eat_wedding_cake; "Yummy"; end
end

class Relationship
attr_accessor :state

def initialize
@state = :dating
end

def get_married
raise "Must date before marry" unless @state == :dating
make_vows
@state = :married
eat_wedding_cake
end

def get_divorced
raise "Must be married before divorce" unless @state == :married
@state = :divorced
end

end

class Relationship
include AASM

aasm do
state :dating, initial: true
state :married
state :divorced

event :get_married,
:before => :make_vows,
:after => :eat_wedding_cake do
transitions from: [:dating], to: :married
end

event :get_divorced do
transitions from: [:married], to: :divorced
end
end

end

class Relationship
attr_accessor :dating, :married, :divorced

def initialize
@dating, @married, @divorced = true, false, false
end

def get_married
raise "Must date before marry" unless dating
make_vows
@dating, @married = false, true
eat_wedding_cake
end

def get_divorced
raise "Must be married before divorce" unless married
@married, @divorced = false, true
end

end

class SaleOrder
attr_accessor :items, :value, :checkout_date
def initialize(*args)
@items, @value, @checkout_date = args
end
end

sale = SaleOrder.new(
['Biscuit', 'Cheese'], 15.0, "2012-07-07")

require 'money'
require 'time'
class SaleOrder
attr_reader :value, :checkout_date
def initialize(options = {})
@items, @value, @checkout_date = [], Money.new(0.0, "USD"), nil
self.items = options[:items] || []
self.value = options[:value] || 0.0
self.checkout_date = options[:checkout_date]
end
def items=(items); @items += items.dup; end
def items(index); @items[index]; end
def value=(value); @value = Money.new(value.to_f, "USD"); end
def checkout_date=(date)
@checkout_date = Date.parse(date) if date
end
end

sale = SaleOrder.new(items: ['Biscuit', 'Cheese'],
value: 15.0, checkout_date: "2012-07-07")

def slug(title)
# 1
if title.nil?
title.strip.downcase.tr_s('^[a-z0-9]', '-')
end

# 2
title.strip.downcase.tr_s('^[a-z0-9]', '-') if title

# 3
(title || "").strip.downcase.tr_s('^[a-z0-9]', '-')

# 4
title.strip.downcase.tr_s('^[a-z0-9]', '-') rescue nil
end

http:/
/u.akita.ws/avdi-null

class Object
def try(*a, &b)
if a.empty? && block_given?
yield self
else
public_send(*a, &b)
end
end
end

class NilClass
def try(*args)
nil
end
end

ActiveSupport - Try

require 'active_support/core_ext/object/try'

def slug(title)
title.try(:strip).try(:downcase).
try(:tr_s, '^[a-z0-9]', '-')
end

<%= title ? title.downcase : "" %>

<%= title.try(:downcase) %>

http:/

class NullObject
def method_missing(*args, &block)
self
end

def to_a; []; end
def to_s; ""; end
def to_f; 0.0; end
def to_i; 0; end
def Maybe(value)
value.nil? ? NullObject.new : value
def tap; self; end
end
def to_value; nil; end
end
class Object
def to_value
self
end
end

http:/

def slug(title)
Maybe(title).strip.downcase.tr_s('^[a-z0-9]', '-')
end

def slug(title)
title = Maybe(title)
if title.to_value
# do something useful
end
title.strip.downcase.tr_s('^[a-z0-9]', '-')
end

http:/

git clone git://github.com/akitaonrails/null.git
cd null
gem build null.gemspec
gem install null-0.1.gem

> require 'null'
> Maybe(someobj).foo.bar.something
#=> null

> (100.0 / (NULL * 15.5) - 150)
#=> null

object = Maybe(someobj)
if object.truthy?
# something useful
end

http:/

class SalesOrder < Struct.new(:products, :total, :buyer_name)
def html_receipt
html_items = products.inject("") do |html, item|
html += "<li>#{item}</li>"
end

html = %{<h1>Thanks for the Purchase #{buyer_name}!</h1>
<p>You purchased:</p>
<ul>
#{html_items}
</ul>
<p>Total: $#{total}</p>}
end
end

order = SalesOrder.new(["Bacon", "Cheese"], 10.0, "John Doe" )

> order.html_receipt

=> "<h1>Thanks for the Purchase John Doe!</h1>
<ul>
<li>Bacon</li><li>Cheese</li>
</ul>
<p>Total: $10.0</p>"

class SalesOrder < Struct.new(:products, :total, :buyer_name)
end

class SalesOrderDecorator < SimpleDelegator
def html_receipt
html_items = products.inject("") do |html, item|
html += "<li>#{item}</li>"
end

html = %{<h1>Thanks for the Purchase #{buyer_name}!</h1>
<ul>
#{html_items}
</ul>
<p>Total: $#{total}</p>}
end
end

decorated_order = SalesOrderDecorator.new(order)

> decorated_order.html_receipt

=> "<h1>Thanks for the Purchase John Doe!</h1>
<ul>
<li>Bacon</li><li>Cheese</li>
</ul>
<p>Total: $10.0</p>"

> decorated_order.total

=> 10.0

> decorated_order.products

=> ["Bacon", "Cheese"]

# original
decorated_order = SalesOrderDecorator.new(order)

# new
class SalesOrderDecorator < SimpleDelegator
def initialize(*args)
if args.first.is_a?(SalesOrder)
super(args.first)
else
order = SalesOrder.new(*args)
super(order)
end
end
...
end

decorated_order = SalesOrderDecorator.new(["Bacon", "Cheese"], 10.0,
"John Doe" )
decorated_order.html_receipt

Strategy

Factory

Adapter (Proxy, Bridge)

Chain of Responsibility

State

Primitive Obsession

Null Object

Decorator (Presenter)

+55 11 3729 14 22
www.codeminer42.com.br
contact@codeminer42.com.br

slideshare.net/akitaonrails

MUITO OBRIGADO
+55 11 3729 14 22
www.codeminer42.com.br
contact@codeminer42.com.br

slideshare.net/akitaonrails

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