Solid-state fermentation (SSF) or Solid Substrate Fermentation has been defined as the fermentation process occurring in the absence or near-absence of free water. SSF employs natural raw materials as carbon source such as cassava, barley, wheat bran, rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, cassava bagasse, various oil cakes (e.g. coconut oil cake, palm kernel cake, soybean cake, ground nut oil cake, etc), fruit pulps (e.g. apple pomace), corn cobs, saw dust, seeds (e.g. tamarind, jack fruit), coffee husk and coffee pulp, tea waste, spent brewing grains, etc

1. Solid State Fermentation [SSF]
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2. Solid State Fermentation - Definition
• Solid-state fermentation (SSF) or Solid Substrate Fermentation is the
fermentation process occurring in the absence or near-absence of free
water.
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Growth of Trichoderma sps. on wheat straw in Solid State Fermentation

3. Substrates Used in SSF
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Sugar Cane Bagasse
Apple Pomace
Saw Dust
Wheat Bran
Coconut oil Cake
Tea Waste

4. Advantages of Solid State
Fermentation
• Process is simple.
• Cost Effective.
• Less Effluent release, reduces pollution.
• High Titers, (High Product yields).
• Aeration Process is easy.
• Resembles the natural habitat of some fungi and bacteria.
• Easier downstream processing
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5. Factors Influencing SSF
• Selection of Micro-organisms
• Substrate
• Process Optimization
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6. Problems Associated with Solid State
Fermentation
• Heat Transfer
• Scale-Up Problems
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7. Applications of SSF
• Agro-Food Industry
• Agriculture Industry
• Industrial Fermentation
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8. SSF Economic Sector and Applications
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9. References
• General and microbiological aspects of solid substrate fermentation
• Basics of SSF
• Pandey, Ashok (2008, June 13). Solid-state fermentation. SciTopics
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10. Thank You
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