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Present Perfect 2
Language Open Learning English
Grammar Guide

2. Present Perfect 2
Present Perfect Continuous
Formed with the present perfect of be
and the -ing form of the verb
•I’ve been waiting here all morning
•What have you been doing lately?
•I haven’t been sleeping well recently
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3. Present Perfect 2
Present Perfect Continuous
Describes past events which are connected to the present
plus the action or situation is in progress
•What have you been doing lately?
•I’ve been working a lot.
•How long have you been living here?
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4. Present Perfect 2
Present Perfect Continuous
Can emphasise the length of the action
•I’ve been waiting here all morning
•I’ve been feeling ill for weeks.
Can emphasise the action is temporary
•I’ve been staying in a hotel for three months.
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5. Present Perfect 2
Present Perfect Continuous
Can be used for repeated actions
•I’ve been phoning her for days but she’s never at home
The action may be finishing or continuing –
we only know this by the situation
•Carlos has been studying English for two years and now he’s
stopped. What a shame!
•Carlos has been studying English for two years. He’s going to do
an exam next year.
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6. Present Perfect 2
Present Perfect or
Present Perfect Continuous?
Very little difference between the two
•I’ve worked/been working here for two years
•I’ve lived/been living here for five years.
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7. Present Perfect 2
Present Perfect or
Present Perfect Continuous?
If we give details on quantity we DO NOT use the continuous
•I’ve written four emails
•I’ve done a lot of cooking and cleaning this afternoon
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8. Present Perfect 2
Present Perfect or
Present Perfect Continuous?
Present Perfect if focus is on the finished result
Present Perfect Continuous if focus is on the action
•I’ve written that email to Peter. I was meaning to do it for ages.
•I’ve been writing that email to Peter and it’s taken an hour!
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9. Present Perfect 2
Present Simple or Present Perfect
Present Simple describes habit or states in the present
Present Perfect describes time until the present
•I live in Prague
( a permanent state I always live there)
•I’ve lived in Prague for two years
(I arrived two years ago and still live there)
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10. Present Perfect 2
Past Simple or Present Perfect
Past Simple describes event with a completed time period
Present Perfect describes time period including the present
•I live in London in the nineties
( now I live somewhere else )
•I’ve lived in Prague since the nineties
(I still live there )
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11. Present Perfect 2
Past Simple or Present Perfect
The choice of tense depends whether
our attention is in the past or the present
•I had an umbrella but I left it on the bus
( the event is distant in our mind )
•Oh no! I’ve left my umbrella on the bus
( the event is present on my mind )
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12. Present Perfect 2
Have been and have gone
If we have been to a place,
we went there and have now returned.
If we have gone to a place,
we went there but have not returned.
•Peter has been to China.
( and he has come back )
•Peter has gone to China.
( and he is still there )
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