Nutritional status is an indicator of health, as both malnutrition and overeating can lead to disease. Malnutrition refers to insufficient intake of nutrients and can cause diseases like kwashiorkor, marasmus, goiter, and anemia. Overeating and obesity increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and certain cancers. Maintaining a balanced diet and healthy weight range promotes overall well-being.
1. NUTRITIONAL STATUS AS AN
INDICATOR OF HEALTH
DISEASES OF MALNUTRITION
AND OVER EATING
AHAMED VELLIYATH
GROUP -4
COURSE -2
FACULTY -7
KHARKIV NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF HYGINE AND ECOLOGY NO1
2. CONTENTS
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
GOALS OF NURTITIONAL STATUS
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AS AN INDICATOR OF HEALTH
MALNUTRITION
DISEASES DUE TO MALNUTRITION
DISEASES DUE TO OVERETING
OBESITY
REFERENCES
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3. NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Nutritional status is the condition of the body as a result of the intake,
absorption and use of nutrition, as well as the influence of disease-related
factors.
a structured way to establish the nutritional status and energy requirements by
objective measurements and whereby, accompanied by objective parameters
and in relation to specific disease indications, an adequate (nutritional)
treatment can be developed for the patient
A Nutritional Assessment can be used for patients at risk for malnutrition and
patients in whom it can contribute to determination of the diagnosis.
4. GOALS OF NURTITIONAL STATUS
• Timely identification of malnourished patients or patients at risk, so that the
dietician can start her nutritional treatment as soon as possible;
• To determine the quantity of malnutrition, so an adequate assessment of the
individual nutritional need is possible
• Çollecting data for diagnostic purposes;
• Monitoring changes in the nutritional status during a nutritional intervention;
• Collecting data for scientific research;
• Monitoring the patient's nutritional status during hospitalisation;
• Improving the Nutritional Assessment method
5. NUTRITIONAL STATUS AS AN INDICATOR
OF HEALTH
The nutritional status indicators for the Growth Charts include obesity,
overweight, underweight, and short stature.
Percentiles are used to rank an individual or a group on a growth chart and
indicate where either fits in the context of the reference population.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
6. MALNUTRITION
• Malnutrition, in all its forms, includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting,
underweight), inadequate vitamins or minerals, overweight, obesity, and
resulting diet-related noncommunicable diseases.
• 1.9 billion adults are overweight or obese, while 462 million are underweight.
• Globally in 2020, 149 million children under 5 were estimated to be stunted (too
short for age), 45 million were estimated to be wasted (too thin for height), and
38.9 million were overweight or obese.
7. DISEASES DUE TO MALNUTRITION
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Goiter
Anemia
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC
BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is
licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
8. Kwashiorkor
• Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease, caused due to poor intake of protein or
quality protein over a prolonged period of time. Kwashiorkor causes swelling in the
body especially in the hands, feet and the face. The hair and skin show characteristic
changes – hair may be light colored or depigmented to reddish yellow and fall off in
patches and the skin show patches and become flaky and peel off.
Marasmus
• Marasmus is due to severe of protein and calorie in the diet.It is not due to calorie
deficiency alone because marasmic children subsequently develop kwashiorkor. The
common signs and symptoms include loss of body weight and failure in weight gain,
body fat depletion, muscles are wasted. The marasmic child is characterized with its
thin, lean skinny appearance
9. GOITER
• Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter. The body needs iodine to
produce thyroid hormone. If you do not have enough iodine in your diet, the
thyroid gets larger to try and capture all the iodine it can, so it can make the right
amount of thyroid hormone
ANEMIA
• Nutritional anemia is a serious health problem. It is due to deficiency of iron in the diet. It is
very common for women and girls, menstrual losses and increased needs in pregnancy are
some cause of anemia. A well-balanced diet with high protein, iron, Vit C and B Complex is
required. The recommended sources are dry fruit like raisins, currants, dates, figs, prunes,
green leafy veg, drumsticks green mango, soybeans, rice bran, gingelly seeds, watermelon,
Chiku. Eggs are considered the best source of iron and protein and can be taken by those
who can afford it.
10. DISEASES DUE TO OVERETING
Metabolic syndrome
Heart disease
Stroke
Type 2 diabetes
Certain types of cancer
obestiy
11. Metabolic syndrome : Degree of obesity is directly associated with metabolic
syndrome, a cluster of vascular risk factors that increase the risk of
cardiovascular disease, including hypertriglyceridemia, low serum high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, hypertension, elevated fasting blood
glucose, and central adiposity.
Heart disease : such as Coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart valve
disease and heart failure can be caused due to over eating and obesity as this
will reduse our physical activities
STROKE : A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is
interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and
nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes.
12. OBESITY
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat.
Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It's a medical problem that increases the
risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes,
high blood pressure and certain cancers
Adults with excess weight had a 55% higher risk of developing depression over
their lifetime compared to people that did not struggle with obesity. Other
research linked being overweight with significant increases in major depression,
bipolar disorder, and panic disorder or agoraphobia