Ecological(rainfall(infrastructure:(investment(in(
trees(for(sustainable(development(
Ecological(rainfall(infrastructure,(Rio(Pavillion(
COP(PARIS(02@12@2015(
Meine%van%Noordwijk(
Chief(ScienDst,(World(Agroforestry((
Centre((ICRAF);(Professor(of(Agro@(
forestry,(Wageningen(University(
Long(cycle:((
oceans(
(to(land(
Short(cycle:((
Land(to(land(

Forest(and(water(–(big(picture(on(‘cool(forests’(
Q(((=(((P((((@((((E(((±((ΔS(
Stream(flow((blue(
water):(flow(persis@
tence(depends(on(
watershed(health,(as(
does(water(quality(
PrecipitaDon(of(‘rainbow(
water’:(60%(of(rainfall(over(
land(derives(from(oceans,(40%(
from(vegetaDon(on(land(
EvapotranspiraDon(
(green(water(use)(
leads(to(air(cooling,(
trees(use(100@200(
mm/year(more(than(
short(vegetaDon(
Soil(water(storage(
(‘sponge(effect’)(
depends(on(soil(
depth(and(structure(

Blue water
streamflow
Rainfall triggering
conditions
Precipi-
tation
Rainbow water Atmospheric transport
Soil & ground-water
buffering
GreenwaterET
evapotranspiration
Precipi-
tation
GreenwaterET
evapotranspiration
Blue water
streamflow
Soil & ground-water
buffering

van(der(Ent(RJ,(Savenije(
HHG,(Schaefli(B,(Steele@(
Dunne(SC,(2010.(Origin(
and(fate(of(atmospheric(
moisture(over(
conDnents.(Water(
Resources(Research(46,(
W09525,(
E/P(
Pfrom(Et/P(

• Trees(consume(water(
• Trees(recycle(water(
• Trees(help(store(water(by(changing(
soil(to(be(
(((((a(more(effecDve(buffer(
• Streamflow(from(healthy(
catchments(with(forests(and(trees(
is(more(gradual(
Higher(evapotranspi@
raDon(means(more(
cooling(effect(
Higher(evapotranspi@
raDon(means(more(
atmospheric(water(
vapour(
Prevailing(winds(BioDc@pump@induced(air(
flows?(
Oceanic(input(
Biological(precipitaDon(
triggers?( Rainfall(
Downstream(water(use,(
livelihoods(risks(and(
benefits(
Scien1fic%
debate%
Downstream(and(downwind(
benefits(of(watershed(
restoraDon(

Lightning(
BNF( Denitrifiers(
Long(cycle(rain(
BRG( ET(

Stem-flow
Through
-fall
Rainfall Cloud
interception
Lateral
outflows
(interflow) Recharge
Soil surface
evaporation
Transpiration
Canopy water
evaporation
Uptake
Quick-
flow
Base flow
{
Surface
run-on
Surface
Run-off
Streams
& river
Litter layer
Sub-
surface
lateral
inflows
Infil-
tra-
tion
Percolation
Canopy
inter-
ception

Cooling%effect%of%E%
(
Foresters%&%farmers%%
managing%tree%cover:%
ET(translated(into(tree,((
crop(and(pasture(
producDvity(
(
New%BRGCscience%
(
Rainbow(water(closes((
the(hydrological(cycle(
Hydrologists:%
Q,(Blue(water(
implies(focus(
on(stream@
flow((floods,(
drought,(use(
as(irrigaDon(
source)(
Tree%ecophyC
siologists:%Et,(
Green(water(
implies(focus(
on(use(of(wa@
ter(by(vegeta@
Don,(compe@
Dng(with(what(
enters(streams(
Soil%scien1sts:%
ΔS,(Sponge(
effect(focus(on(
buffering(by(
soil(with(good(
infiltra@Don(
and(deep(root(
systems(
Landscape%ecologists:%scaling(from(patch,(via(hillslopes(to(
watersheds(in(relaDon(to(human(land(use(
Climatologists:%P,%
PrecipitaDon((rainfall)(
sourced(from(oceans(+(
land,(global(circulaDon(

Decarbonizing(the(debate(on(forests,(
trees(and(climate:(cool(trees(
Trees(make(it(cooler(,(
help(with(rainfall(and(
keep(the(soil(moist(
UNFCCC:(global(climate(
change(depends(on(
greenhouse(gas(emissions(
This(carbon(thing(is(
hard(to(understand,(
we(can’t(see(it…(