Ade Sudirman, S.Pd.

Introduction

An affix is abound morpheme which can
only occur if attached to word or a stem.
Affixes may be derivational or inflectional
(Trask 1993).

A.1. Prefix

It is an affix which precedes the root, stem or base to
which it is bound, such as English derivational affixes
re- and un- . The example of prefixes are as follows:
re, un, dis, pre, post, a, aero, anti, auto, mis, tele.
Rebound, unhappy, disloyal, pretest, post-war, amoral,
anticlimax, autobiography, misplace, telephone.

A. 2. Infixes

An infix is affix which occupies a position in
which it interrupts another single morpheme.
As English does not have any affixes, it is better
to look at Indonesian, Sundanese and Javanese.
Exp:
Kilau = k-em-ilau;
Pasar = p-al-asar;
Galak = g-u-alak.

A. 3. Suffix

A suffix is a bound morpheme which
follows the root in the form containing it.
-er, -ess, -or, -ee, -ese, - ic, - cide.
Keeper, goddess, corruptor, escapee, Chinese,
heroic, suicide.

A. 4. Circumfix

A circumfix is an affix which is realized
as a combination of a prefix and a suffix.
Indonesian has a variety of circumfixes,
and English does not.

B. Compounds

English Morphology

Definition

A compound is a word formed by combining
two or more words together to make a new
meaning (Gatherer, 1986)
A compound can be solid (consisting of one
word), hyphenated (a hyphen between the
words) and open (two words stand alone).

B. 1. Solid Compounds

a. Solid compounds consist of double nouns:
Air+plane = airplane;
Bed+cloth = bedcloth.
b. Solid compounds consist of an adjective and a noun:
Black+list = blacklist.
c. Solid compounds consist of a noun and an adjective:
Road+worthy = roadworthy.

B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)

d. Solid Compounds consist of preposition and a noun:
Over+night = overnight.
e. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a preposition:
Feed+back = feedback.
f. Solid Compounds consist of a noun and a verb:
Brain + wash = brainwash.
g. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a noun:
Play+mate = playmate.

B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)

h. Solid Compounds consist of an adjective and
a verb:
High+flow = highflow.
i. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and a
verb:
In+put = input.
j. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and an
adjective:
Ever+green = evergreen.

B.2. Hyphenated Compounds

Hyphenated compounds consist of double nouns:
Ball-point.
Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and N:
Soft-lenses.
Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and N:
Off-road.
Hyphenated compounds consist of V and prep:
Check-out.
Hyphenated compounds consist of N and V:
Man-made.

B.2. Hyphenated Compounds (cont...)

Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and V:
Short-cut.
Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and V:
Out-put.
Hyphenated compounds consist of N and prep:
Knock-out.
Hyphenated compounds consist of pronoun and N:
He-man.

B.3. Open Compounds

a. Open compounds consist of double nouns:
Credit card.
b. Open compounds consist of adj and V:
Deep freeze.

C. Clippings

English Morphology

Definition
 formed by omitting
Clippings are new words
part of a word. The omission is normally at the
end of a word or at the beginning.
C.1. Clippings with the omission at the end of a
word:
Photograph = photo
C.2. Clippings with the omission at the
beginning of a word:
Telephone = phone.

D. Abbrevations

English Morphology

Definition

An abrevation can be described as a reduced version of a word,
phrase or sentence. It falls into blend and acronym.
D.1. Blend
A blend is aword composed of other words combined to form a
new word.
Exp: breakfast + lunch = brunch.
D.2. Acronym
An acronym is made up of some or all of the initial letters of an
organization, institution, political party, etc.
Exp: FBI, ILO, B.A.

E. Back-formations

English Morphology

Definition

Fromkin et al (1984) state that new words may be
formed from already existing words by substracting an
affix thought to be part of the old one.
Exp:
hawker = hawk
Peddler = peddle

The end
Thank you