1.
EVIDENCE FROM THE FIELD
LESSONS FROM JAMAICA’S
ORGANIC FARMS
Dorienne Rowan-Campbell

2.
THE FAO CITES ORGANIC
PRODUCTION AS BEING
EFFECTIVE
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• and Assisting with adaptation to Climate
Change
WHAT HAS BEEN JAMAICA’S
EXPERIENCE?

3.
CONTRIBUTING FARMS
FARM PARISH PRACTICES
DURGA ST ANN Water conservation,
natural bldgs,
permaculture, solar toilets,
ponds
JEFFERY TOWN
FARMERS
GROUP
ST MARY Check dams, terracing,
greenhouse, communal
water sourcing

4.
FARMS Continued
ROWAN’S
ROYALE
PORTLAND Permaculture,
terracing, water
harvesting, Shade
promotion
SOURCE
FARM
ST THOMAS Permaculture,
natural bldgs,
water harvesting
WOODFORD
MARKET
GARDEN
ST
ANDREW
Protected ag, water
harvesting,
terracing

5.
JEFFERY TOWN FARMERS
ASSOCIATION

6.
BACKGROUND
• 4 farmers cultivating 12 acres ( two have lost their
leases and are re-organizing)
• Mostly hillside farmers 1 greenhouse
• Soil type bonny gate clay
• Products
strawberries in the greenhouse
fruit trees, bananas, pineapples breadfruit
dasheen
mixed fruit various vegetables, carrots

7.
Issues
• Rain-fed
• Get severe flooding in community and on
farms

8.
Actions Taken - Flooding
• Built check dams with head trench to force
water to soak through rather than rush over
fields.
• Terracing

9.
Water Access
• 1 spring. Use catchments at spring head and
solar pumps to lift water. Priority
community use but some use for farming
• 1 pond. Negotiated with pond owner for use
of pond to entrap water to irrigate green
house.
• Water harvesting on farms

10.
ADAPTATIONS
• Changing patterns of production
– Focus on strawberries in greenhouse
– More emphasis on fruit trees
– Seasonal emphasis on root crops rather than
green vegetables

11.
Observations
• More continuously sustainable and
profitable harvests
• Report a marked difference with
neighboring farmers who have are still
losing crops to flooding and drought

12.
ROWAN’S ROYALE FARM
CERTIFIED ORGANIC SINCE 2002

13.
Background Rowan’s Royale
• 6 acre farm 4000 feet Blue Mountains
• Geologically, part of the band identified as
Newcastle volcanic, full of fissures and
fault lines and the Wag Water enrichment
formation The soil itself varies but much of
it is shale; non calcareous and conglomerate
shales.
• pH acidic.

14.
Background cont
Some Products
Coffee
Asparagus
Bananas, plantains
Mulberries, lemons
Mixed greens, peas,
beans
Turmeric, ginger, coco,
sweet potato
Issues
• Entirely rain-fed
• Are in increasing rain
shadow in summer
• Increased wind
• Shortening period of
mist/fog –less
moisture
• Increased heat and sun

15.
Actions
• Employing Permaculture techniques
• Building berms and swales to trap moisture
• Water harvesting
• Planting trees for shade
• Planting under shade
• Canopy use
• Changing production patterns
• Soil improvements ( top soil inc. organic
inspectors reports)

16.
MOISTURE IS CRITICAL FOR
QUALITY COFFEE
• Lining out the berms
and swales for the
capture of more
moisture for the coffee

17.
Our own brand of water
harvesting
• Trap water from farm
buildings
• many 60 gal drums
spread out so plants
can be easily watered.
• .permaculture
mulching on terraces
• Mosquito prevention

18.
Some adaptations
• 2013-14 planted 150
shade trees
• Moving back to shade
coffee (trees lost after
hurricanes)
• Planting vegetables
under shade
• Experimenting with
drought resistance
crops
• Assists with water and
moisture retention
• Use canopy for chocho
and black pepper and
beans

19.
RR and CIB data
• Float consistently av.
<3% (since 2002)
• 2015 after drought
Higher than normal
float percentage, start
of the crop was about
35 to 40 percent.
Average losses in
yield 15 to 20 percent

20.
Observations
corroborated by UTECH study on Coffee and
Climate Change - Expresso
• Neighbouring farmers
report
• Smaller beans
• Lesser yield overall
• RR heavier yield,
large beans beans
• Loss of seedlings. RR
lost 6

21.
FAO Environment and Natural
Resources Series # 4 2008
Organically Managed soils have a
higher potential to counter soil
degradation as they are more
resilient to water stress and
nutrient loss than conventionally
managed soils

22.
CORROBORATION FROM
FARMS
FAO finding is reflected in other organic systems but
is so far under-reported and researched in
Jamaica.
As soil management is at the core of organic
processes, maintaining soil health ensures a
protection against crop loss in times of flooding
and drought.
Organic soils use less water..

23.
Organic is an holistic system thus all
aspects relate to water management:
• Soil management e.g.Composting adds
nutrient and organic matter ( imp. To keep
water in and soil structure intact)
• Provision of shade trees
• Terracing
• Permaculture
• Mulching
• Cover crops