Biodiesel, ETBE with wet ethanol and overview of Cellulose and Algae to ethanol and Biofuel

1. An overview of Renewable Fuels Ethanol From Cellulose and Bio-diesel from Conventional/Algae feed and economic options for ETBE Dr. Amarjit Bakshi President Refining Hydrocarbon Technologies Texas, USA. www.rhtgulfcoast.com Presented at GREEN FORUM 2 nd Green Refining & Petrochemicals Forum 17 June, 2011 Rixos Libertas, Dubrovnik, Croatia RHT

20. Figure 1 RHT- Biodiesel Process Esterification Reactor Transesterification Reactor LP Gravity Separator Methanol Triglycerides Biodiesel Biodiesel Product water wash Water Meoh/water for recovery Meoh for recovery Purification Purification Glycerine Product RHT

21. Figure 2 RHT- Biodiesel Process Esterification Reactor Transesterification Reactors LP Gravity Separator Methanol Triglycerides Biodiesel Biodiesel Product water wash Water Meoh/water for recovery Glycerine Product Meoh for recovery Gravity Separator Wash Solvent Residual Glycerine / wash solvent Purification RHT

30. Bodiesel from Algae New Developments RHT Grow Algae Split in fat/ sugars Solvent to separate Fat and Sugars Fat /Lipids Bodiesel Bodiesel Sugars to Ethanol Ethanol ALGAE TO BIODIESEL & ETHANOL

31. Bodiesel from Algae New Developments RHT Grow Algae in Ponds/Bio-reactor Convert to Biomass Convert to Bio-crude Biocrude to Refinery CO2 Nutrients From Sludge ALGAE TO BIO-CRUDE

32. Bodiesel from Algae New Developments RHT Grow Algae in Bioreactor Dewatering Algae Biomass Bodiesel Biodiesel Ethanol Methanol ALGAE TO BIODIESEL & ETHANOL/Methanol CO2 Recycle water Ethanol Methanol Animal Food etc Animal food O2/N2 separation Light delivery Growth layers Low energy photosynthesis

36. RHT-ETBE PROCESS Equilibrium Limits Etherification CH 3 - C = CH 3 + C 2 H 5 OH CH 3 - C - CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 OC 2 H 5 < 88% * Isobutylene Ethanol ETBE RHT * RHT overcomes equilibrium constraints. Provides IB= conversion over 99 % .

40. FIGURE 1 RHT-ETBE PROCESS C 4 4 Raffinate ETBE 4 Fixed Bed Reactor Debutanizer ETHANOL Extraction ETHANOL Recovery ETHANOL C 4 Water Water Effluent Water FEED C 4 Feed C 4 Feed Side Reactor C W C 4 /ETOH RHT ETOH Recycle

41. RHT-WET ETBE/TAEE Process Water Wash Column 1 st Reactor Debutanizer/Depentanizer Condenser Finishing Reactor Water Alcohol/ ETOH Alcohol Recycle Wash Water C 4/ C 5 feed C 4/ C LPS CW ETBE/TAEE Product CW MPS CW C 4/ C 5 Raffinate 2 3 4 9 FIGURE 2 RHT

42. RHT-ETBE/TAEE Wet Ethanol Process Debutanizer Depentanizer Bottom (from figure 2) CW LPS CW Isobutylene/Amylenes To Water Wash Column LPS ETBE/TAEE to OSBL TBA/TAA and Lights ETBE /TAEE Column FLOW SHEET 3 RHT TBA decomposition

45. RHT Thank You Refining Hydrocarbon Technologies LLC 20130 Chateau Bend Drive Katy ( Houston Suburb), Texas 77450 USA Dr. Amarjit Bakshi Phone 281-398-8408/281-235-7780 E-mail:abakshi@rhtgulfcoast.com www.rhtgulfcoast.com