1. REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
AashishParihar
Lecturer
CollegeofNursing,
AIIMS

2. Review of communication Process
Content-
Definitions of communication
Meaning of communication
Process of communication: Elements and channels
Types of communication
Facilitators of communication
Barriers of communication
Methods to overcome barriers of communication
Techniques of effective communication
Techniques of therapeutic communication

3. Review of communication Process
Definitions of Communication
• Communication is process by which information is exchanged between
individuals through a common system of symbols and signs of behavior.
(Webster’s Dictionary)
• Communication is interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech,
writings or signs. (Robert Anderson)
• Communication is the transmission and interchange of facts, ideas, feelings or
course of action. (Leland brown)
• Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality.
(Edgar Dale)

4. Review of communication Process
Meanings of Communication
From the discussed definitions communication can be viewed as-
• Process of exchanging ideas, values, thoughts, feelings and actions.
• Transfer of information from sender to receiver.
• Process of initiating, transmitting and receiving information.
• Sharing of ideas and attitude between individuals.

5. Review of communication Process
Process of communication: Elements and channels
Elements

6. Review of communication Process
Process of communication: Elements and channels
Channels

7. Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Criteria for classifying the communication
I. Based on the means of delivering message
II. Based on the purpose of the message
III. Based on the levels of communication
IV. Based on the patterns of the communication

8. Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the means of delivering message
Verbal
communication
Non verbal
communication
Symbolic
communication
Meta
communication

9. Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the purpose of communication
Formal
communication
Informal
communication
Therapeutic
communication

10. Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the levels of communication
Intrapersonal
communication
Interpersonal
communication
Transpersonal
communication
Small group
communication
Public
communication
Organizational
communication

11. Review of communication Process
Types of communication
Based on the patterns of communication
One way
communication
One to one
communicationOne to many
communication
Many to one
communication
Two way
communication
One way
communication
One to one
communicationOne to many
communication
Many to one
communication

12. Review of communication Process
Facilitators of communication
Facilitators are the factors help to achieve the smooth and hurdle free
communication between two or more people.
Concreteness
Completeness
Correctness
Conciseness Consideration
Clarity
Courtesy

13. Review of communication Process
Facilitators of communication
Beyond these facilitators some other factors which may enhance the
communications are-
• Positive attitude
• Improving communication skills
• Getting feedback of communication skills
• Goal oriented communication
• Using creative alternative approaches
• Minimizing negative impact
• Warmth and friendliness
• Openness and respect
• Empathy
• Comfortable environment

14. Review of communication Process
Barriers of communication and methods to overcome it
• Physiological barrier
• Environmental barrier
• Psychological barrier
• Social barrier
• Cultural barrier
• Semantic barrier
• Organizational barrier
• Communication process related barrier

15. Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication
LISTENING
SKILL
TECHNICAL
SKILL

16. Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication
FOCUSING
PARAPHRASING
SHARING
INFORMATION
PROVIDING
INFORMATION
ASKING RELEVANT
QUESTION
CLARIFYING AND
SUMMARIZING
SHARING HUMOR

17. Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication
ACTIVE
LISTENING
USING
SILENCE
LISTENING WITH
PURPOSE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OF
MESSAGE
GIVING FEEDBACK

18. Review of communication Process
Techniques of effective communication
USING TOUCH
USING
NONVERBAL CUES
SHARING
FELLINGS
SHARING
OBSERVATIONS
SHARING
HOPE
PRESENTING
REALITY
SHARING
EMPATHY

19. • Listening
• Acknowledgement
• feedback
• Mutual congruence
• Clarification
• Focusing
• Validation
• Reflection
• Open ended question
• Non verbal encouragement
• Restatement
• Paraphrase
• Neutral response
• Incomplete sentence
• Minimum verbal activity
• Broad coining statements
Review of communication Process
Techniques of therapeutic communication