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A Study of Milton’s Paradise
Lost
By Samuel Johnson (Merits)
Presented By: Ghaza Ejaz
A Greater Work Calls
For Greater Care
• ‘Paradise Lost’: A poem
with respect to design may
claim the first place and
with respect to performance
the second, among the
productions of the human
mind.
Merits of Paradise
Lost
• Following are the merits which will
be discussed in this presentation:
• Genius
• Integrity
• Moral
• Sentiments
Genius
• He praises Milton’s paradise lost as a work of genius, as Milton’s poem “unites
pleasure with truth” and “probable with marvelous”.
• Milton in poems doesn’t show the destruction of a city, the conduct of a colony, or
the foundation of an empire. His subject is the fate of worlds, the revolutions of
heaven and of earth; rebellion against the Supreme King, raised by the highest order
of created beings; the overthrow of their host, and the punishment of their crime; the
creation of a new race of reasonable creatures; their original happiness and
innocence and their restoration to hope and peace.
Genius
Paradise lost is an epic poem and epic poem undertakes to teach
the most important truths by the most pleasing percepts, and
therefore relates some great events in the most affecting manner.
Of the probable and the marvelous, two parts of a vulgar epic poem which
immerge the critic in deep consideration, the ‘Paradise Lost’ requires little to be
said. It contains the history of a miracle, of creation and redemption; it displays
the power and the mercy of the Supreme Being: the probable therefore is
marvelous, and the marvelous is probable.
Integrity
• According to Johnson, paradise lost has Integrity.
• It has distinctly and clearly what Aristotle requires: a beginning, middle and
an end.
• There is perhaps no poem of the same length from which so little can be taken
without apparent mutilation. There are no funeral games, nor is there any long
description of a shield.
Integrity
• The short digressions at the beginning of the third, seventh, and ninth books
might doubtless be spared but superfluities so beautiful who would take
away? Or who does not wish that the author of the Iliad had gratified
succeeding ages with a little knowledge of himself?
• Perhaps no passages are more attentively read than those extrinsic
paragraphs; and since the end of poetry is pleasure that cannot be unpoetical
with which all are pleased.
Moral
• The poet first work is to find a moral, which Milton fables are afterwards to illustrate and
establish.
• To convey this moral there must be a fable; a narration artfully constructed, so as to excite
curiosity and surprise expectation. In this part of his work Milton must be confessed to have
equaled every other poet.
Moral
• He has involved in his account of the Fall of Man the events which proceeded and
those that were to follow it; he has interwoven the whole system of theology with
such propriety that every part appears to be necessary; and scarcely any recital is
wished shorter for the sake of quickening the progress of the main action.
• The moral of others poem is incidental or consequent, in Milton’s poem it is
essential intrinsic.
• His purpose was the most useful and the most arduous: to vindicate the ways of god
to man; to show the reasonableness of religion, and the necessity of the obedience to
the divine law.
Sentiment
• The portrayal of Adam and Eve shows the proper sentiments about their fall.
Milton sketches the characters in such a way that it rightfully shows how and
what causes the execution of Adam and eve from heaven.
• The sentiments, as expressive of manners or appropriated to characters, are for
the greater part unexceptionably just. There is sanctity of thoughts and purity of
manners.
Sentiment
• Splendid passages containing lessons of morality or precepts of prudence occur seldom.
Such is the original formation of this poem, that as it admits no human manners till the fall,
it can give little assistance to human conduct. Its end is to raise the thoughts above sublunary
cares or pleasures.
Conclusion
• The highest praise of genius is original invention.
“Milton has peculiar power to astonish”.
• Milton cannot be said to have contrived the structure of an epic poem; and therefore
owes reverence to that vigor and amplitude of mind to which all generations must be
indebted for the art of poetical narration, for the texture of the fable, the variation of
incidents, the interposition of dialogue, and all the stratagems that surprise and enchain
attention.
Conclusion
• But of all the borrowers from Homer, Milton is perhaps the least indebted. He was naturally
a thinker for himself, confident of his own abilities, and disdainful of help or hindrance: he
did not refuse admission to the thoughts or images of his predecessors, but he did not seek
them.
• His great works were performed under discountenance and in blindness; but difficulties
vanished at his touch: he was born for whatever is arduous; and his work is not the greatest
of heroic poems, only because it is not the first.
Thank You

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Merits of Milton's Paradise Lost in Samuel Johnson's Criticism

  • 1. A Study of Milton’s Paradise Lost By Samuel Johnson (Merits) Presented By: Ghaza Ejaz
  • 2. A Greater Work Calls For Greater Care • ‘Paradise Lost’: A poem with respect to design may claim the first place and with respect to performance the second, among the productions of the human mind.
  • 3. Merits of Paradise Lost • Following are the merits which will be discussed in this presentation: • Genius • Integrity • Moral • Sentiments
  • 4. Genius • He praises Milton’s paradise lost as a work of genius, as Milton’s poem “unites pleasure with truth” and “probable with marvelous”. • Milton in poems doesn’t show the destruction of a city, the conduct of a colony, or the foundation of an empire. His subject is the fate of worlds, the revolutions of heaven and of earth; rebellion against the Supreme King, raised by the highest order of created beings; the overthrow of their host, and the punishment of their crime; the creation of a new race of reasonable creatures; their original happiness and innocence and their restoration to hope and peace.
  • 5. Genius Paradise lost is an epic poem and epic poem undertakes to teach the most important truths by the most pleasing percepts, and therefore relates some great events in the most affecting manner. Of the probable and the marvelous, two parts of a vulgar epic poem which immerge the critic in deep consideration, the ‘Paradise Lost’ requires little to be said. It contains the history of a miracle, of creation and redemption; it displays the power and the mercy of the Supreme Being: the probable therefore is marvelous, and the marvelous is probable.
  • 6. Integrity • According to Johnson, paradise lost has Integrity. • It has distinctly and clearly what Aristotle requires: a beginning, middle and an end. • There is perhaps no poem of the same length from which so little can be taken without apparent mutilation. There are no funeral games, nor is there any long description of a shield.
  • 7. Integrity • The short digressions at the beginning of the third, seventh, and ninth books might doubtless be spared but superfluities so beautiful who would take away? Or who does not wish that the author of the Iliad had gratified succeeding ages with a little knowledge of himself? • Perhaps no passages are more attentively read than those extrinsic paragraphs; and since the end of poetry is pleasure that cannot be unpoetical with which all are pleased.
  • 8. Moral • The poet first work is to find a moral, which Milton fables are afterwards to illustrate and establish. • To convey this moral there must be a fable; a narration artfully constructed, so as to excite curiosity and surprise expectation. In this part of his work Milton must be confessed to have equaled every other poet.
  • 9. Moral • He has involved in his account of the Fall of Man the events which proceeded and those that were to follow it; he has interwoven the whole system of theology with such propriety that every part appears to be necessary; and scarcely any recital is wished shorter for the sake of quickening the progress of the main action. • The moral of others poem is incidental or consequent, in Milton’s poem it is essential intrinsic. • His purpose was the most useful and the most arduous: to vindicate the ways of god to man; to show the reasonableness of religion, and the necessity of the obedience to the divine law.
  • 10. Sentiment • The portrayal of Adam and Eve shows the proper sentiments about their fall. Milton sketches the characters in such a way that it rightfully shows how and what causes the execution of Adam and eve from heaven. • The sentiments, as expressive of manners or appropriated to characters, are for the greater part unexceptionably just. There is sanctity of thoughts and purity of manners.
  • 11. Sentiment • Splendid passages containing lessons of morality or precepts of prudence occur seldom. Such is the original formation of this poem, that as it admits no human manners till the fall, it can give little assistance to human conduct. Its end is to raise the thoughts above sublunary cares or pleasures.
  • 12. Conclusion • The highest praise of genius is original invention. “Milton has peculiar power to astonish”. • Milton cannot be said to have contrived the structure of an epic poem; and therefore owes reverence to that vigor and amplitude of mind to which all generations must be indebted for the art of poetical narration, for the texture of the fable, the variation of incidents, the interposition of dialogue, and all the stratagems that surprise and enchain attention.
  • 13. Conclusion • But of all the borrowers from Homer, Milton is perhaps the least indebted. He was naturally a thinker for himself, confident of his own abilities, and disdainful of help or hindrance: he did not refuse admission to the thoughts or images of his predecessors, but he did not seek them. • His great works were performed under discountenance and in blindness; but difficulties vanished at his touch: he was born for whatever is arduous; and his work is not the greatest of heroic poems, only because it is not the first.