Research and Development in Electric Smart Public Transportation to Create a More Pleasant Public Experience

1. Research and Development
in Electric Smart Public Transportation
to Create a More Pleasant
Public Experience
Presented by:
DR. Yannes Martinus PASARIBU
S.Dp. Freddy CHRISSWANTRA

2. http://www.ycat.org.au/
BANDUNG
WORLD TOURISM CITY
by UNESCO (2013)
Bandung has been awarded by UNESCO as one of world tourism
city in 2013. Bandung not only known by its natural tourism
destination but also famous in culinary and fashion attractiveness
no wonder some says that Bandung as Parisj Van Java

3. BANDUNG =CONDITION
CAPITAL CITY
OF WEST-JAVA
167KM²
147KM
FROM JAKARTA
CENTER OF
ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
IN WEST-JAVA
791m
ABOVE
SEA LEVEL
EVERAGE
TEMPERATURE
23.4°C

4. BANDUNG=TOURISM
76.062.954 tourist
per year, 4.076.072
Stay over night*
25 festival
Per month **
130
universities
67% city
revenues are
from tourism
sector
accommodation
growth
12.21%
per year
*BPS kota Bandung,2013
** Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata kota Bandung

5. Another common problem in many cities in
Indonesia, Bandung also suffered traffic
congestion caused by the increasing number of
private vehicles that goes beyond the ratio of
road length.
1.052.255 PRIVATE CARS
84.732.652 MOTORCYCLES
INCREASED 4X
IN 10 YEARS*
http://media.galamedianews.com/
BANDUNG NOW
MORE TRAFFIC JAMS
*Bps (2016)

6. AIR POLLUTION
ALSO INCREASED
DRASTICALLY
BANDUNG NOW
Traffic jam make the number of air pollution also increased drastically. Polluted air leads
to the health of all members of society.
For that, Indonesia should immediately develop a transportation system that can reduce
fossil energy consumption and reduce the level of air pollution.

7. Number of Vehicles (unit) = 1.320.749
Est. vehicles length (km) = 3.841,92
Est. road’s length (km) = 1.190,19
Est. vehicle’s wide (m²) = 9.178.815
Est. road’s wide (m²) = 6.617.566
Wide ratio of road = 3.96%
Ideal wide ratio of road = 12%*
*Febrianto (2012)
BANDUNG NOW
The ratio of the number and growth of larger vehicles on the road will further add to the
congestion of the city. As an illustration, as can be seen in Table 1, the ratio of vehicles
with road width and city width in three major cities in Indonesia. In city planning, the ideal
area ratio is 12% of the size of the city

8. http://journalisteyes.blogspot.co.id/
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/36/66/96/36669644a10edaf7caf358e861ac7ebc.jpg
UNRELIABLE AND
INADEQUATE
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
SERVICE
One of reasons why private cars
are dominant on the city roads is
because people prefer to use
private vehicle than public
transport. As a fact, in Bandung
public can not provide
information that need by its users
such as fare, how long it takes to
go from point A to B or
information about tourist
attractions they passed when
using public transportations.
Meanwhile, people or tourists will
need some information while
traveling or transporting within
the city.

9. http://journalisteyes.blogspot.co.id/
In addition, the lack of service and
reliability given by public transport on
punctuality, safety, and comfortability are
enough to make users to loss their trust
for using public transport. Inconsequence,
private cars are better option to go from
one point to another.

10. http://www.ycat.org.au/
PROMOTE PUBLIC TRANSPORT
In order to decrease amount of private cars on the city road, one idea is to create
a public transport system that could attract the people interest to switch to public
transport provided by the government as a part of the city's public services. The
next question is what kind of public transportation that suitable for Bandung.

11. On the other hand,
environmental issues and the
security of the world’s energy
have become an issue of global
importance technology .
GLOBAL TREND

12. SMART CITY INDICATORS
Cohen Boyd Smart City Indicators
Those global trends have effecting researchers to develop a new concept the way city
should be for its society. The most emerging city concept among others is smart city.
Smart City is and idea about how city planning optimize function and role of
technology to reach efficiency and effectiveness in order to create high quality of life
from its residence. One of smart city indicators is Smart Mobility that has
requirements such as; Mixed modal access which is public transport, prioritized non
motorized by using renewable energy and it must integrated with the ICT.

13. http://www.smartcitiesoftomorrow.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/architecture-mobility.jpg
The dynamic of the city’s
economic growth relies
heavily on human, goods
and service mobility.
Since in its daily activities, the society tends to be ‘mobile’ in conducting
their activities. Mobility is related to how the human and/or goods
transportation system moves from one point to their destinations quickly,
effectively and efficiently.

14. http://media.treehugger.com/
ELECTRIC SMART PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
The growing trend of electric vehicles continues to rise. In many
developed countries, electric vehicles have become the main
solution to resolve the dependence on fossil fuels and created a
healthier living environment simultaneously. The era of electric
cars will begin real soon, more quickly than expected, in around
2020. In fact, it has been started at the moment marked by the
increasing number of hybrid vehicles being marketed worldwide.
Therefore, the Indonesian government and all of its stakeholders
need to anticipate the spread of the trend. Since 2012, ITB
Electric Vehicle team has been conducting research and
development of electric vehicle consistently to address the
challenge.

15. EV TECHNOLOGIES ARE
MORE EXPENSIVE
THAN ICE CARS
http://images.bidnessetc.com/img/volkswagen-invests-in-new-ev-battery-technology-to-oneup-tesla.jpg
One of the obstacles in the deployment of electric vehicles lies in the
worldview of the society. Today people still have the perspective that electric
vehicle technology is more expensive than fossil fuel vehicles.

16. http://www.batteriesandmore.ca/
The series of research conducted by a team of ITB electric cars (Yuniarto et.al,
2016: 22-23) have proved that the analysis based on Total Cost of Ownership
(TCO) shows that electric vehicles have a lower TCO value than conventional
vehicles. the national electric cars research team has succeeded in the research of
obtaining Processing Technology in recycling Lithium Ion battery Waste to be
recycled into new Li Ion battery with the lithium recovery rate of 91-97% .

17. http://www.gyaane.com/
A DATA NETWORK
DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE
INFORMATION
Furthermore, the ITB electric vehicle is built on the Gigabit Ethernet LAN as a data network
designed to accommodate information both from the control and the support system. The
implementation plan on its advanced research is on the general operation of the vehicle
electrical system in synergy with the development of ICT (Information Communication
Technology), which becomes one of the backbones of the development of smart city in the
IoT.

18. With the arrival of ICT, it
integrates these mobility
components thus
transfers them into smart
mobility.
http://everynurse.org/
In the era that ICT began to dominate the
people's social and cultural characters.
The smart mobility refers to the extension
of the people’s accessibility within the city
as a mixture between physical (transport)
and digital (ICT) communication
infrastructure (Giffinger and Gudrum,
2010; Cohen (2012).
The smart mobility refers to the extension
of the people’s accessibility within the city
as a mixture between physical (transport)
and digital (ICT) communication
infrastructure (Giffinger and Gudrum,
2010; Cohen (2012).

19. INFORMATION
DOES MATTER
http://www.your-guide-to-aqaba-jordan.com
Smart Public Transportation is a system that
helps the community through the
management of existing resources efficiently
and provides appropriate information to the
public and tourist in conducting its activities
or anticipating unforeseen events. According
to Schaffers (2012), the development of such
digital urban services will integrate the whole
technology into everyday objects and
activities, such as real-time traffic information
for citizens and can make travelling and living
in the city easier.

20. CREATING
A MORE PLEASANT PUBLIC EXPERIENCE
aboutourism.files.wordpress.com
The era of ICT reshaping the global activities opened a new paradigm almost
in every aspects social economic and culture also to the tourism industry.
Today, the tourism destinations face a set of new challenges that arise from
the society and the environment changes which affected by ICT.

21. The destination places should recognise the occurred changes
then respond them proactively (Soteriades et al. 2007).
https://lh5.ggpht.com/l090gVpiO5kwVH459PV2JTTOZUjGV-wO2PvqkT4gpenYVcqQ6QaYC0vEUnBnAkfywTk=h900

22. Two perspectives in determining the design concept of
electric public transportation that will be developed. First,
determining the concept of utility. Secondly, reading the
people's worldview as prospective users of the products to be
offered.
DESIGN-USER SURVEY RESULTS

23. The final vehicle design shown in Picture is the implementation of the concept above.
The previous research focused more on the physical aspects and the public
acceptance of electric vehicles. The results of previous research showed that a lot of
public transport users want to feel the sensation of electric cars.
Picture-1. Vehicle design process
Source: Pasaribu, Yannes Martinus.

24. Meanwhile, the research conducted is now focusing on the aspects
related to users interface and to know what kind of desires, hopes and
behaviors that need to be facilitated to improve the effectiveness of the
electric transportation research.
Picture-1. Vehicle design process
Source: Pasaribu, Yannes Martinus.

25. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid
Active 149 97.4 97.4 97.4
Passive 4 2.6 2.6 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 2. active smartphone user
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid
2 hours a day 8 5.2 5.2 5.2
6 hours a day 34 22.2 22.2 27.5
12 hours a day 61 39.9 39.9 67.3
24 hours a day 50 32.7 32.7 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 3. duration of internet usage
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Sight seeing 62 40.5 40.5 40.5
Reads some
information
30 19.6 19.6 60.1
Browsing data 58 37.9 37.9 98.0
Reads books or
novels
3 2.0 2.0 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 4. Activities while in public transport
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid
Need 140 91.5 91.5 91.5
Donot need 13 8.5 8.5 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 5. The need of updating information
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid
0 1 .7 .7 .7
2 1 .7 .7 1.3
3 1 .7 .7 2.0
4 4 2.6 2.6 4.6
5 22 14.4 14.4 19.0
6 6 3.9 3.9 22.9
7 16 10.5 10.5 33.3
8 26 17.0 17.0 50.3
9 9 5.9 5.9 56.2
10 67 43.8 43.8 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 6. Using the internet while travelling
Frequenc
y
Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Donot need
internet
91 59.5 59.5 59.5
Need internet 62 40.5 40.5 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 7. Connected with internet
Frequen
cy
Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Donot agree 48 31.4 31.4 31.4
Agree 105 68.6 68.6 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 8. Integration between public transport with ICT
Based on table 2-8, it illustrates that almost all of the respondents are smartphones active users
and have a high dependence on this gadget. This can be seen in the statement as active users
and duration of Internet usage. The need for internet facility is significant. The reliance on internet
facility can be seen in the tables above. The emergence of the need to update the information is
large and the desire for public transport connected to the Internet has reached more than 67% of
the total respondents.

26. Table 9-11 shows that the majority of respondents requires a clear and certain
information about the position of public transport nearest to them. Meanwhile, the
number of seats available in the vehicle to come is not an issue. Table 12 shows that
the percentage of respondents who need a clear information about the location where
he is going exceeds the figure from the ones who do not need it.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Donot need 52 34.0 34.0 34.0
Need 101 66.0 66.0 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 9. Public transport stop or pick up point near you info
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Donot need 46 30.1 30.1 30.1
Need 107 69.9 69.9 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 10. Public transport near you info
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Donot need 108 70.6 70.6 70.6
Need 45 29.4 29.4 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 11. How many seats left in the transport info
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Donot need 67 43.8 43.8 43.8
Need 86 56.2 56.2 100.0
Total 153 100.0 100.0
Table 12. Location info

27. http://wwwassets.rand.org/
BUILD SAFETY
AND COMFORTABILITY
THROUGH INFORMATION
In the context of public transportation, the next major concern is the
development of a system interface that is able to let the users know as much
detail as possible about various issues related to their mobility when moving
from one point to another within the city. All should be facilitated in the public
transportation system that is being developed.

28. Essentially, the smart public transportation that is
going to be developed will contain a variety of
information about any facilities in every area
where the the public transport going through.
THE ICT
ADOPTION
http://www.thorebna.com/
The adoption of the IoT will incorporate many city destinations and facilities
wirelessly through the people’s gadget. Thus, one day, the entire system that is
made can create the open minded people who participate in the public interest
by the establishment of the city ICT infrastructure availability with innovative
transportation system that is more safe, comfortable and informative.

29. TO PLEASE EVERY STAKEHOLDERS
ENVIRONMENT
SYSTEM
UTILITY
The aim is to establish equilibrium in the artificial environment with effective and
efficient utility and presented pleasantly to as much as possible stakeholders.
Though the government has constructed a form of a city, however, the growth of
the city is more determined by socio-cultural reconstruction that was built by the
people within it (Martinus, 2014).

30. http://file.mockupplus.com/
The key to developing new dynamics in sustainability is through efforts to generate
information that can be distributed to the crowd and see how people respond to it.
The greater the positive response that appears, the more sustainable the products
and information that has been made. ICT and social media will be the enabler to
strengthen all of the city's stakeholders in active learning and bringing a social proof
reinforcement in a smart way.

31. CONCLUSION
The major concern is the development of a system interface that is able to let the users know
as much detail as possible about various issues related to their mobility when moving from
one point to another within the city. All should be facilitated in the public transportation
system that is being developed. The clarity of information related to people activities using
public transport becomes important to be developed besides the aspects of safety and
comfortability.
To get the most out of the experience in using public transport in Bandung, further analysis of
public expectations and their acceptance towards the built prototypes of smart public
transport is required. Thus, the design is capable of providing a different experience in
accordance with the rapidly changing lifestyle of urban people.
http://67.media.tumblr.com/

32. THANK YOU