2. Learning Objectives
• By the end of this lecture……….we all should
be able to appreciate:
– Different groups of biochemical disorders.
– Features of Common biochemical disorders.
3. Metabolic disorders
• Mostly inherited in an autosomal recessive or X-
linked manner
• The disorder can also manifest in the
heterozygous state
– If the reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme is rate
limiting
• Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyses the reaction in which L-
tyrosine is hydroxylated to DOPA, the rate limiting step in
the biosynthesis of catecholamines, alterations in the
enzyme activity may be involved in disorders such as
Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
– The gene product is part of a multimcric complex.
7. Urea Cycle Disorders
Enzyme Deficiencies
• The urea cycle is a five-step metabolic pathway that takes place primarily in liver
cells for the removal of waste nitrogen from the amino groups of amino acids
arising from the normal turnover of protein.
• It converts two molecules of ammonia and one of bicarbonate into urea.
• Disorders related to urea cycle are rare.
Q3. Dx and Treatment?