Question 26
Emerging antibiotic resistance threats in the healthcare setting
include
Question 26 options:
Candida auris
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
VRSA
All answers are current threats
Question 27
A bioterrorist attack will likely first be identified
Question 27 options:
through passive surveillance systems
through analysis of death certificates
through sentinel surveillance
at an emergency department
Question 28
Legionnaires' disease
Question 28 options:
has a low case fatality rate at <5%
can be prevented through social distancing
is transmitted by inhalation of aerosolized contaminated water
droplets

is not considered a healthcare associated infection
Question 29
What are 5 steps consumers can take to prevent foodborne
illnesses?
Question 29 options:
Question 30
Which statement about a bioterrorist agent is TRUE?
Question 30 options:
Anthrax is spread person to person
The detection of a single case of smallpox is a public health
emergency
The best response to a smallpox outbreak is a mass vaccination
strategy
Category C agents include botulism and anthrax
Question 31
Key Infection Control Precautions Recommended for Preventing
Ebola Transmission in U.S. Hospitals include
Question 31 options:
Isolation of patient if Ebola is suspected
All answers are correct
Keep a log of everyone who enters and leaves the patient's room
Avoid aerosol-generating procedures
Question 32
Which statement about personal protection equipment (PPE) is
true when using it for infection control in a healthcare setting?
Question 32 options:

Hand hygiene does not need to be performed when PPE is in
use.
Removal of all PPE should be as soon as possible after
completing care to avoid contaminating the environment outside
the isolation room and any other patient or worker.
It is always essential to use all the items of PPE as part of
Standard Precautions.
Reuse of all PPE items can be performed as long as hand
hygiene is immediately afterwards.
Question 33
Discuss why some diseases are able to be eradicated while
others may not be as easy. What factors are important for
disease eradication?
Question 33 options:
Question 34
Elimination of a disease differs from eradication of a disease in
that
Question 34 options:
diseases such as measles and polio are eradicated
elimination is the specific infectious agent no longer exists in
nature or in the laboratory.
eradication is the reduction to zero of the incidence of a
specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of
deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required.
a disease must have a permanent reduction to zero of the
worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a

result of deliberate efforts and that intervention measures are no
longer needed to be considered eradicated.
Question 35
The infectious disease that causes the most morbidity and
mortality worldwide is
Question 35 options:
malaria
TB
HIV/AIDS
lower respiratory infections
Question 36
Neglected tropical diseases
Question 36 options:
are bacterial, protozoan, and viral diseases that do not have a
current vaccine available and are typically resistant to drug
treatment
cause 57 million deaths annually
disproportionately affect populations living in poverty, without
adequate sanitation and in close contact with infectious vectors
and domestic animals and livestock
include TB, HIV/AIDS, and malaria
Question 37
The comprehensive Primary Health Care was proposed by Scott
et al. (2016) as the best way to respond to an Ebola outbreak.
The approach is to
Question 37 options:
convert primary care facilities to 'holding centres' and Ebola

Treatment Centres (ETC.).
prohibit travel of all cases and contacts, with exit screening for
symptoms at international airports, seaports and borders.
address the underlying social determinants of ill-health through
intersectoral action, seeking to empower communities, to meet
the needs of the most marginalised and to provide
comprehensive care with the emphasis on disease prevention
and health promotion.
focus on a circumscribed number of diseases with high
morbidity and mortality, using largely effective therapeutic or
personal preventive interventions.
Question 38
What is a compelling argument for why the effective control of
communicable diseases in the developing world is important for
global security?
Question 38 options:
It is realistic to see a future where there are no infectious
disease threats
Communicable diseases have no borders
To increase the GDP of developing nations
Limits financial incentives for research and drug development if
all communicable diseases are cured
Question 39
Ohene et al. describes the outbreak response to cholera
outbreaks in two districts in Ghana. What was the overarching
conclusion on the responses?
Question 39 options:

In both districts, the case fatality rate was above the WHO
acceptable rate of 1 % which was due to poor case management
in the health facilities as the highest fatality was seen in the
facilities.
Following implementation of response measures including
massive community education and water, sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) activities, the outbreaks were quickly controlled.
Neither district had an epidemic preparedness response plan.
For both outbreaks, high case fatality rate was attributed to late
reporting of cases to the health facility.
Question 40
A lesson learned from the SARS epidemic was
Question 40 options:
screening measures at airports was not sufficient and worldwide
travel bans should be implemented swiftly
prompt and open reporting of cases of any disease with the
potential for international spread is critical.
press should not be alerted until all details of the disease are
known and communicated to the public
academic competition and rivalry on the world stage can
actually contribute to outbreak response in a positive manner
Question 41
Identify an emerging/re-emerging communicable disease and
discuss the reasons for its emergence.

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0
This chapter starts with examining the importance of financial
planning. Every coach goes into a game with a plan. That plan
might focus onwhich players to start, what offense to use, and
what defensive strategies to use. Some coaches are known for
scripting most of the game and
writing down every play that they expect to run during a given
period or under certain circumstances. The same basic concept
applies to financial
planning. Every sports organization needs to determine before a
new year or season starts what they want to accomplish and then
develop a road
map. The map that is used is a budget. The budget focuses on
what the business wants to accomplish during a set period for a

given product or
industry unit. Financial planning entails examining future
income and expenses to help steer a company in a given
direction. Every business
decision requires planning. Strategic planning has gained
popularity as a way of critically analyzing given business
scenarios to generate
appropriate solutions. This same strategic planning perspective
applies to financial planning. Every monetary issue needs to be
examined for
fiscal soundness. Every dollar needs to be planned for to
maximize that dollar’s impact. Planning for most typical
contingencies can help a
business operate smoothly and save money. While this chapter
discusses basic issues and the need for budgets, chapter 8
covers the mechanics of
developing, implementing, and evaluating a budget.
This chapter highlights the various components necessary to
plan effectively. The process starts with understanding that a
sports organization
needs a plan. While there are many plans such as a marketing
plan or a strategic plan, we are going to focus on a financial
plan. That financial
plan results in a budget. The budget is a road map for the
organization. Through utilizing a number of different budgets,
an organization can be
better prepared for financial conditions that might arise. One of
the most well-known budgets is a pro forma budget that is often
developed when
a business or organization is initially developed to explore
where money will come from and where it will be spent. The
pro forma budget is a
key to writing an effective business plan.
IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL PLANNING

Financial planning can help provide appropriate solutions for
the types of problems businesses face every day, such as the
need to
develop new products,
pay bills as they become due,
spend more money on research and development,
retire a given product line,
borrow funds for future expansion,
issue commercial paper,
issue more stock,
issue more bonds,
sell existing assets,
purchase new assets,
increase prices,
decrease prices,
move the business to another location,
acquire a competing company, or
file for bankruptcy protection.
As the list suggests, every future action that a business might
undertake entails financial planning. Some are short-term issues
while others
entail long-term focus. The financial planning examined in this
chapter is focused on everyday financial issues such as paying
rent and salaries.
The financial planning covered in chapter 12 is much broader
and covers long-term financial ideas such as whether to build a
new facility. Both
short- and long-term financial decisions will require planning,
yet many businesses do not undertake this simple process. Some
executives go
with a hunch or a feeling, but the truly successful executives
have a plan. Normally, two major steps are explored. The first
approach is to
undertake minor changes such as reducing costs or raising

prices a small percentage. The second approach is to under take
major projects. The
first approach is often called “thinking at the margins.”
Thinking at the margins is an economic term focused on how to
cover marginal costs and
then add some profit to the mix. Assume a team sells a hot dog
for $2 at the ballpark. That price is the standard price based on
30 cents for the
raw material used (hot dog and bun) and 30 cents for the fixed
costs (employees, kitchen equipment, signage, and other
expenses incurred
regardless of how many units are sold [see chapter 5]). At the
end of the game, all unsold hot dogs need to be thrown away,
composted, or
donated. Thus, in the middle of the ninth inning the team might
reduce the price of each hot dog to $1 and possibly earn 40
cents profit or it
could stick with the $2 price and maybe throw away some
possible profits. While there is the simple math, there is also a
strategy component as
some people might wait until close to the end of the game to
buy hot dogs if they know the price will be reduced.
Microeconomic theory
indicates that the lowest offer you should take is the one that
exceeds your marginal cost. Sunk costs cannot be recouped, so
if the fixed costs
are removed from the analysis (as the employees will be paid
and the hot dog warmer will still be on), the key point is the 30
cents of variable
costs. Thus, earning 70 cents would be a great return compared
to losing the 30 cents if the bun and hot dog will need to be
discarded. Whatever
the price, through developing a budget based on sound numbers,
a team can make this calculation and therefore make sound
financial plans.

Small changes can provide significant impact. Walmart changed
its plastic bag design in 2017, which resulted in saving $20
million. Walmart
also shortened the receipt length, and that saved the company $7
million in one year. Not every company can save so much
money, but if the
team understands how much it costs to put on a game, it can
undertake specific steps to reduce costs or increase revenue.
This approach can be
reflected in a game budget where all the expenses and revenues
are projected.
In contrast, long-term budgets often focus on much more than
just incremental changes (plus or minus a small percentage).
Long-term
budgets will often focus on transformative goals. The difference
could be whether to undertake incremental activity that might
increase market
share by 2% to 5% or aim for a transformative goal that is much
riskier but could increase market share by 25%. Much more
information and the
https://platform.virdocs.com/rscontent/epub/507558/OEB PS/xht
ml/chapter7.html?#sp54818899
https://platform.virdocs.com/rscontent/epub/507558/OEBPS/xht
ml/chapter7.html?#sp54818909
https://platform.virdocs.com/rscontent/epub/507558/OEBPS/xht
ml/chapter7.html?#sp54818893
Persona
l use on
ly, do no
t repro

2021-02
-10
lamar.do
[email protected]
tudent.a
shford.e
duquality of analysis are enhanced with long-term budgets and
executive need to use information from accountants,
economists, marketers, andothers to successfully craft a budget
that would have the greatest potential for accuracy.
In some areas, there is little room for error. For example,
Churchill Downs is known for hosting the most famous horse
race in the world—the
Kentucky Derby. The publicly traded company (Churchill
Downs, NASDAQ CHDN) generates around 55% of its profits in
the week leading up
to and including the race (Hall, 2013). If a storm or some other
issue arose, then revenue could be significantly impacted. That
is why it is so
critical for the company to have an accurate budget and
financial forecasts of various scenarios to avoid any surprises or
miscalculations.
Significant change in an organization often leads to a new plan
and a new budget. For example, when The Sports Authority
went bankrupt,
one of its top suppliers, Under Armour, had to develop a new
plan and new budgets to reflect that reality. Similarly, when the
National Collegiate
Athletic Association allowed member universities to provide
more benefits to students, this was seen as a great benefit for
both student-athletes
and universities. However, it also changed the dynamic of

expenses for all these institutions. Tuition was already
increasing at many schools, and
that is often one of the biggest expenses for an athletic
department. The new expenses needed to be added to the
budget. This created an
imbalance that needed to be corrected with additional revenue
or reductions in other expenses. This is why the budgetary
process is so important.
A university cannot just hope they have enough money to cover
all its expenses. While a state university might overspend and
be bailed out by
the state government, a private company normally does not have
a sugar daddy to bail it out of trouble.
Sound financial planning and the budgetary process can be seen
in the example of a company undertaking an advertising
campaign. The
company needs to develop an advertising budget that
incorporates forecasts of future advertising expenditures and
then examine the potential
revenue from each advertising effort. Table 7.1 is an example of
an advertising budget worksheet
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ce.
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du
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ot reprod
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0
This chapter starts with examining the importance of financial
planning. Every coach goes into a game with a plan. That plan
might focus onwhich players to start, what offense to use, and
what defensive strategies to use. Some coaches are known for
scripting most of the game and
writing down every play that they expect to run during a given
period or under certain circumstances. The same basic concept
applies to financial
planning. Every sports organization needs to determine before a
new year or season starts what they want to accomplish and then
develop a road
map. The map that is used is a budget. The budget focuses on
what the business wants to accomplish during a set period for a
given product or
industry unit. Financial planning entails examining future
income and expenses to help steer a company in a given
direction. Every business
decision requires planning. Strategic planning has gained
popularity as a way of critically analyzing given business
scenarios to generate
appropriate solutions. This same strategic planning perspective
applies to financial planning. Every monetary issue needs to be
examined for

fiscal soundness. Every dollar needs to be planned for to
maximize that dollar’s impact. Planning for most typical
contingencies can help a
business operate smoothly and save money. While this chapter
discusses basic issues and the need for budgets, chapter 8
covers the mechanics of
developing, implementing, and evaluating a budget.
This chapter highlights the various components necessary to
plan effectively. The process starts with understanding that a
sports organization
needs a plan. While there are many plans such as a marketing
plan or a strategic plan, we are going to focus on a financial
plan. That financial
plan results in a budget. The budget is a road map for the
organization. Through utilizing a number of different budgets,
an organization can be
better prepared for financial conditions that might arise. One of
the most well-known budgets is a pro forma budget that is often
developed when
a business or organization is initially developed to explore
where money will come from and where it will be spent. The
pro forma budget is a
key to writing an effective business plan.
IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL PLANNING
Financial planning can help provide appropriate solutions for
the types of problems businesses face every day, such as the
need to
develop new products,
pay bills as they become due,
spend more money on research and development,
retire a given product line,
borrow funds for future expansion,
issue commercial paper,

issue more stock,
issue more bonds,
sell existing assets,
purchase new assets,
increase prices,
decrease prices,
move the business to another location,
acquire a competing company, or
file for bankruptcy protection.
As the list suggests, every future action that a business might
undertake entails financial planning. Some are short-term issues
while others
entail long-term focus. The financial planning examined in this
chapter is focused on everyday financial issues such as paying
rent and salaries.
The financial planning covered in chapter 12 is much broader
and covers long-term financial ideas such as whether to build a
new facility. Both
short- and long-term financial decisions will require planning,
yet many businesses do not undertake this simple process. Some
executives go
with a hunch or a feeling, but the truly successful executives
have a plan. Normally, two major steps are explored. The first
approach is to
undertake minor changes such as reducing costs or raising
prices a small percentage. The second approach is to undertake
major projects. The
first approach is often called “thinking at the margins.”
Thinking at the margins is an economic term focused on how to
cover marginal costs and
then add some profit to the mix. Assume a team sells a hot dog
for $2 at the ballpark. That price is the standard price based on
30 cents for the
raw material used (hot dog and bun) and 30 cents for the fixed
costs (employees, kitchen equipment, signage, and other

expenses incurred
regardless of how many units are sold [see chapter 5]). At the
end of the game, all unsold hot dogs need to be thrown away,
composted, or
donated. Thus, in the middle of the ninth inning the team might
reduce the price of each hot dog to $1 and possibly earn 40
cents profit or it
could stick with the $2 price and maybe throw away some
possible profits. While there is the simple math, there is also a
strategy component as
some people might wait until close to the end of the game to
buy hot dogs if they know the price will be reduced.
Microeconomic theory
indicates that the lowest offer you should take is the one that
exceeds your marginal cost. Sunk costs cannot be recouped, so
if the fixed costs
are removed from the analysis (as the employees will be paid
and the hot dog warmer will still be on), the key point is the 30
cents of variable
costs. Thus, earning 70 cents would be a great return compared
to losing the 30 cents if the bun and hot dog will need to be
discarded. Whatever
the price, through developing a budget based on sound numbers,
a team can make this calculation and therefore make sound
financial plans.
Small changes can provide significant impact. Walmart changed
its plastic bag design in 2017, which resulted in saving $20
million. Walmart
also shortened the receipt length, and that saved the company $7
million in one year. Not every company can save so much
money, but if the
team understands how much it costs to put on a game, it can
undertake specific steps to reduce costs or increase revenue.
This approach can be
reflected in a game budget where all the expenses and revenues

are projected.
In contrast, long-term budgets often focus on much more than
just incremental changes (plus or minus a small percentage).
Long-term
budgets will often focus on transformative goals. The difference
could be whether to undertake incremental activity that might
increase market
share by 2% to 5% or aim for a transformative goal that is much
riskier but could increase market share by 25%. Much more
information and the
https://platform.virdocs.com/rscontent/epub/507558/OEBPS/xht
ml/chapter7.html?#sp54818899
https://platform.virdocs.com/rscontent/epub/507558/OEBPS/xht
ml/chapter7.html?#sp54818909
https://platform.virdocs.com/rscontent/epub/507558/OEBPS/xht
ml/chapter7.html?#sp54818893
Persona
l use on
ly, do no
t repro
2021-02
-10
lamar.do
[email protected]
tudent.a
shford.e
duquality of analysis are enhanced with long-term budgets and
executive need to use information from accountants,

economists, marketers, andothers to successfully craft a budget
that would have the greatest potential for accuracy.
In some areas, there is little room for error. For example,
Churchill Downs is known for hosting the most famous horse
race in the world—the
Kentucky Derby. The publicly traded company (Churchill
Downs, NASDAQ CHDN) generates around 55% of its profits in
the week leading up
to and including the race (Hall, 2013). If a storm or some other
issue arose, then revenue could be significantly impacted. That
is why it is so
critical for the company to have an accurate budget and
financial forecasts of various scenarios to avoid any surprises or
miscalculations.
Significant change in an organization often leads to a new plan
and a new budget. For example, when The Sports Authority
went bankrupt,
one of its top suppliers, Under Armour, had to develop a new
plan and new budgets to reflect that reality. Similarly, when the
National Collegiate
Athletic Association allowed member universities to provide
more benefits to students, this was seen as a great benefit for
both student-athletes
and universities. However, it also changed the dynamic of
expenses for all these institutions. Tuition was already
increasing at many schools, and
that is often one of the biggest expenses for an athletic
department. The new expenses needed to be added to the
budget. This created an
imbalance that needed to be corrected with additional revenue
or reductions in other expenses. This is why the budgetary
process is so important.
A university cannot just hope they have enough money to cover
all its expenses. While a state university might overspend and

be bailed out by
the state government, a private company normally does not have
a sugar daddy to bail it out of trouble.
Sound financial planning and the budgetary process can be seen
in the example of a company undertaking an advertising
campaign. The
company needs to develop an advertising budget that
incorporates forecasts of future advertising expenditur es and
then examine the potential
revenue from each advertising effort. Table 7.1 is an example of
an advertising budget worksheet
Question 1
Question 1 options:
The Division of Global Migration and Quarantine is part of
CDC's
.
Question 2
List all diseases quarantinable in the U.S. under Executive
Order of the President
At least 6
Question 3
Quarantine
Question 3 options:
separates sick people with a contagious disease from people
who are not sick.
All answers are correct
separates and restricts the movement of people who were
exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick.

separates vaccinated from unvaccinated people
Question 4
What is the CDC's role in isolation and quarantine?
Question 4 options:
may detain passengers and crew on planes and ships as
necessary to investigate whether the cause of the illness on
board is a communicable disease.
All of the answers are correct
authorized to detain, medically examine, and release persons
arriving into the United States and traveling between states who
are suspected of carrying these communicable diseases.
monitors persons arriving at U.S. land border crossings and
passengers and crew arriving at U.S. ports of entry for signs or
symptoms of communicable diseases.
Question 5
Isolation
Question 5 options:
All answers are correct
separates and restricts the movement of people who were
exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick.
separates sick people with a contagious disease from people
who are not sick.
separates vaccinated from unvaccinated people
Question 6
The length of quarantine for a disease is
Question 6 options:

40 days
dependent on the incubation period of the disease
until the patient recovers from the disease
7 days
Question 7
Federal quarantine authority in the United States has been used
frequently for many diseases including SARS.
Question 7 options:
True
False
Question 8
It is possible for federal, state, local, and tribal health
authorities to have and use all at the same time separate but
coexisting legal quarantine power in certain events. In the event
of a conflict, federal law is supreme.
Question 8 options:
True
False
Question 9
The International Health Regulations
Question 9 options:
includes all countries
require countries to report certain disease outbreaks and public
health events to WHO
does not allow WHO to take into account information from

sources other than official notifications and consultations
all answers are correct
Question 10
Which of the following statements about leprosy is true?
Question 10 options:
it is a vaccine-preventable disease
it affects people with a genetic predisposition
it is uncurable
it is highly infectious
Question 11
In the video on leprosy isolation in Hawaii, what were some of
the issues with how the isolation was conducted?
Question 11 options:
there was no medical treatment available
all answers are correct
the isolated colony was expected to be self-sustainable even
though many of the inhabitants were too sick to take care of
themselves
people with leprosy were not forced to isolate themselves and
therefore the disease was not fully contained
Question 12
Public health interventions that might be necessary during an
infectious disease outbreak (e.g. restrictions on freedom of
movement) depend on having a clear legal basis for government
action, as well as a system in place to provide oversight and
review.
Question 12 options:

True
False
Question 13
Social distancing
Question 13 options:
includes limiting large groups of people coming together,
closing buildings and canceling events.
is used for any communicable disease outbreak
does not limit the freedom of movement of individuals
does not need to be justifiable or equitable during pandemic
responses
Question 14
Match the ethical principle with its definition
Question 14 options:
Proportionality principle
Transparency principle
reciprocity principle
Harm principle
1.
Benefits outweigh harm
2.
least restrictive means
3.
Assuring access to needed goods and services; Preventing

discrimination and stigmatization
4.
Clear justification for quarantine that is communicated
Question 15
Which of the following ethical principles is NOT critical when
deciding on public health interventions such as quarantine?
Question 15 options:
utility
transparency
equity
autonomy
Question 16
When responding to pandemic flu, the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention gives vaccination priority to
Question 16 options:
Individuals through a lottery system
Individuals who are pregnant, immunocompromised, or elderly
Individuals who are essential to the provision of health care and
public safety
Individuals most at risk of experiencing the serious negative
health consequences of hospitalization or death
Question 17
A lesson learned from the SARS pandemic was
Question 17 options:
infection control procedures should be used universally and are
not dependent on the disease characteristics.

healthcare workers can act as vectors for disease and can
amplify an outbreak.
doctors have the most risk due to their prolonged close contact
with patients while rendering care.
environmental engineering controls are considered the single
most effective means of reducing the transmission of infectious
agents.
Question 18
SARS-CoV
Question 18 options:
has caused two pandemics
is an emerging disease
is not a communicable disease
is a vaccine-preventable disease
Question 19
Bloodborne pathogens
Question 19 options:
are transmittable through vomit and sputum even if no blood is
visible.
include malaria, syphilis, and West Nile virus
are not a risk to professions outside of healthcare workers.
are not a significant cause of occupational health hazards.
Question 20
Describe the issues that need attention when fully involving
communities in infectious disease outbreak planning and

response efforts.
Question 20 options:
Question 21
Question 21 options:
Resource allocation decisions during an outbreak response
should be guided by the ethical principles of
and
.
Question 22
What is one of the ethical principles that was invoked when
Kaci Hickox argued against the State of New Jersey quarantine?
Question 22 options:
Communication and transparency
Justifiable basis for imposing restrictions
costs
Equitable application
Question 23
According to Day et al. (2006), mass quarantine should be
implemented
Question 23 options:
when the expected number of infections generated by an
infected person, if isolation alone is used, is greater than 1
when the disease reproduction number in the presence of
isolation alone is small
when isolation alone can stop the spread of the disease

when the proportion of infections that are generated by
asymptomatic individuals is low
Question 24
Tuberculosis
Question 24 options:
is a chronic communicable disease
is highly contagious during latent stages
is a sporadic disease that affects less than 100,000 people
worldwide
has high infectivity and virulence rates
Question 25
Droplet precautions are
Question 25 options:
necessary throughout a quarantine station because dropl ets stay
suspended in the air
not necessary between patients as droplets do not stay
suspended therefore patients can be placed with patients of
varying diseases
needed in response to suspected cases of adenovirus, human
influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian
influenza A (H5N1).
only needed when in direct contact with a patient