1.
Smart Growth, Displacement and Environmental
Justice: The Case of Los Angeles
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WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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William Riggs
Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo

2.
• Context
• Issues
• Opportunities
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WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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3.
Context
• Federal
– Civil Rights Act of 1964 – Title VI
– Executive Order (EO) 12898 (1994), Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in
Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
– Executive Order (EO) 13166 (2000), Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited
English Proficiency
– 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 450
– FHWA NEPA regulations in 23 CFR 771.111 A
– Section 109(h) of Title 23
– The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies act of 1970
(URA), as amended
– The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) (1998)
– Memorandum of Understanding on Environmental Justice and EO 12898 (2011)
– Federal Transit Authority (FTA) Circular 4702 1A (2011)
– FTA Circular 4703.1 (2012)
• California
– CA SB 115 (1999)
– California Government Code Section 11135
– California Code Section 65589.5 – Housing Accountability Act & Fair Housing Act
Requirements
– CA SB 375 Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008
– CEQA Guidelines
4/8/2016
WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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4.
Issues
• Smart Growth &
Regeneration
• GHG Reduction
Strategies
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WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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5.
4/8/2016
WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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6.
4/8/2016 William Riggs, PhD, wriggs@calpoly.edu 6

7.
Issues
Environmental
Justice Areas
Disadvantaged
Communities
Communities of
Concern
Population 12.4 million 6.4 million 4.2 million
% of regional
population
68% 35% 23%
% minority
population
within EJ
identified area
80% 88% 91%
% of
households in
poverty within
EJ identified
area
17% 25% 40%
4/8/2016 William Riggs, PhD, wriggs@calpoly.edu 7

8.
4/8/2016 William Riggs, PhD, wriggs@calpoly.edu 8

9.
Opportunities
• Focused
Development in
TPAs
– BMR / Inclusivity
– Loan Programs
– Environmental /
Permit Fast-tracking
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WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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10.
Opportunities
• Provide more collaboration tools
• Below Market Rate Housing Standards
– Regional Inclusionary Housing
– Require Building / Unit Type Standards
(Regional Project Performance
Requirements)
• Regional University Partnerships
• Explore Financial Tools for Affordability
– LEMs
– Tax credit / tax holidays
• Increase the number of jobs near housing
• Set regional open space standard /
performance measure
– Implement both greenbelt and urban greening
policy
– Consider food and open space access in
housing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Challenge
Impact
In 2012 RTP / SCS Not in RTP / SCS
4/8/2016 William Riggs, PhD, wriggs@calpoly.edu 10

11.
4/8/2016 William Riggs, PhD, wriggs@calpoly.edu 11

12.
Opportunities
• Adaptive Reuse
– Neighborhood
Stabilization
– Potential Economic
Buoyancy
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WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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13.
4/8/2016
WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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14.
Opportunities
4/8/2016
WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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15.
Conclusion: Process & Evolution
PHASE I PHASE II
Policies
Develop formal
EJ program
Planning & Project
Development
• Target Community
Advocacy Groups
• Organize pubic
Mee ngs
• Measure and
compare impacts
• Document
processes &
mi gate impacts
Implementa on
Maintain
communica on
links with public
Evalua on &
Monitoring
• Survey Target
Advocacy
groups
• Measure
outcomes by
quan ta ve
performance
measures and
changes in
percep on
PHASE III
Link results to policy and
funding decisions
Federal
Regula ons
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WilliamRiggs,PhD,wriggs@calpoly.edu
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