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Gippel hydrology & rh nov_2010_b
1. River Health and Hydrological
Alteration 河流健康和水文因素
Dr Chris Gippel
Training Workshop Beijing
2010 November 19
2. Contents
• Role of hydrology as a river health indicator
• Introduce the Taizi River basin
• Apply a hydrological index
• Develop a new method based on flow needs
• Test the method in the Taizi River basin
3. Catchment
management Physical
policy
Geology Hydrology Geomorphology
Climate
Land use Hydraulic habitat
Economy
Education
Trade, etc
Ecological river health Social river health
River
management
policy
Water quality Ecological processes
Chemical Biological
4. Main Issues 主要问题
• Hydrology RESPONDS to catchment and disturbance
• Hydrology DRIVES the ecology
• Is it OK to mix response and driver variables?
• YES
• Hydrology is open to management action to improve health
5. Choices 选择
• Indicators of 指标 :
– Hydrological alteration
– Hydrological stress
– Hydrological disturbance
– Hydrological deviation
– …….
• Ostensibly 表面上 :
– “ecologically meaningful” “生态意义”
• Warning 警告
– From a different area 从一个不同的区域
– Not linked to ecological assets of interest 没有联系到当地的生态环境
6. Objectives 目标
• Assess hydrological health of Taizi River
• Try an index of hydrological stress
• Develop a new method sensitive to:
– Local ecological assets
– Local hydrology
– Local flow-ecology knowledge
– Closely linked to flow management options
8. 2,000 Flow exceeded 5 percent of the time 2,500 Flow exceeded 5 percent of the time
Benxi Tangmazai
Daily discharge (m3 /s)
Daily discharge (m3 /s)
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
500
0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
350 Median and Interquartile range [exceeded 75 - 25 percent of time] 1,000 Median and Interquartile range [exceeded 75 - 25 percent of time]
Daily discharge (m3 /s)
Daily discharge (m3 /s)
300
800
250
200 600
150 400
100
200
50
0 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
3.5 Relative interquartile range [IQ range/median] 8.0 Relative interquartile range [IQ range/median]
Relative IQ range
Relative IQ range
3.0 7.0
2.5 6.0
5.0
2.0
4.0
1.5
3.0
1.0 2.0
0.5 1.0
0.0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
9. Flow Stress Indicator
• Mean annual flow
• Seasonal difference
• Seasonal timing
• Low flow magnitude
• High flow magnitude
• Days of river drying up
• Flow duration
• Flow variability
10. Benxi (pre-Guanyinge V. post-Guanyinge) Liaoyang (pre-Tanghe/Shenwo V. post-Tanghe/Shenwo)
1.0 1.0
Hydrological change Index value
Hydrological change Index value
0.9 0.99 0.9 0.980
0.8 0.85 0.8 0.87
0.7 0.75 0.7 0.77
0.73
0.6 0.683 0.67 0.6
0.59 0.60 0.60 0.59
0.5 0.5 0.55
0.53
0.4 0.47 0.4
0.3 0.35 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.23
0.1 0.18 0.1
0.10 0.13 0.00
0.0 0.0
Xiaolinzi (pre-Tanghe/Shenwo V. post-Tanghe/Shenwo) Liaoyang (pre-Tanghe/Shenwo V. post-Guanyinge)
1.0 1.0
Hydrological change Index value
Hydrological change Index value
0.9 0.991 0.9
0.92 0.912
0.8 0.8 0.84
0.7 0.79 0.78 0.7 0.77
0.74
0.6 0.67 0.6 0.68
0.62 0.64
0.5 0.5 0.54 0.54
0.4 0.4 0.44
0.3 0.34 0.3
0.32
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0.13 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.00
0.0 0.0
Xiaolinzi (pre-Tanghe/Shenwo V. post-Guanyinge)
1.0
Hydrological change Index value
0.9 0.937
0.90
Can measure differences in periods
0.8 0.86
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.66
0.58
0.65
Does not work on a single year
0.4 0.46 0.48
0.3 0.34
0.2
0.1
0.10 0.03
0.0
11. Rapid eco-hydraulic environmental flows
assessment
• We need to know about the eco-hydraulics
• What specific flows will satisfy the needs of the identified
ecological assets?
• Ecology responds to
– Velocity
– Depth
hydraulics
– Width
– Shear stress
13. Baseflows
Benxi
45
Median baseflow daily discharge (m3/s)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre-Guanyinge Dam 3.7 3.8 4.0 8.7 20.8 17.3 23.5 38.6 26.0 15.1 11.1 5.6
Post-Guanyinge Dam 14.2 15.1 16.1 19.1 23.0 27.5 28.4 16.6 12.1 18.7 16.9 13.9
14. Baseflows
Tangmazai
Median baseflow daily discharge (m3/s) 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre-Tang/Shenwo 9.3 8.6 10.8 19.4 20.0 18.6 17.1 65.3 45.3 33.2 31.0 16.1
Post-Tang/Shenwo 10.3 10.0 13.1 11.3 16.1 59.3 35.1 32.7 25.6 18.0 17.1 11.6
Post-Guanyinge 12.6 13.3 12.8 13.6 42.8 18.8 25.8 26.6 23.5 17.7 16.4 13.6
15. Cease to flow
Cumulative annual days of cease to f low
Liaoyang
Annual peak cease to f low spell duration
350
Days of cease to flow
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Tangehe Shenwo Guanyinge
17. Hydraulic information
• No surveys
• Need to find whatever is available
• Gauging stations have useful information
• Can derive as a function of discharge:
– Velocity
– Depth
– Width
– Shear stress
• These variables are used to determine the discharge that will
satisfy the hydraulically defined ecological and geomorphological
objectives
22. Geomorphological objectives
ID Objective Flow Hydraulic Frequency/ Timing Reach
component criteria Duration
1a Maintain Bankfull/overba Morphologically Every 2 years Anytime All
channel form nk defined levels
1b Flush fine Low flow pulse Critical shear 1 – 2/year, Mar-May All
sediment from stress to 0.5 – 1 day
surface of bed mobilize silts
and >30% of
bed materiala
1c Mobilize coarse High flow Critical shear Annual Anytime All
bed sediments pulse/bankfull stress to
mobilize >70%
of bed material
1d Maintain key in- High flow Morphologically Annual Anytime All
channel pulse/bankfull defined level
physical habitat
forms
23. Fish objectives
ID Objective
3a Maintain sufficient water depth in pools for large bodied fish
3b Maintain sufficient depth in riffles and in depositional habitats out of the main
flow
3c Localised movement of resident fish
3d Maintenance of benthic habitats and hyporheic flushing
3e Provide habitat during the high flow period, to induce spawning and to maintain
transport of semi-buoyant eggs within the water column
3f Stimulate spawning migration and maintain longitudinal connectivity
3g Provide access to floodplain habitat
24. Invertebrate objectives
ID Objective
4a Maintain sufficient depth in riffles
4b Maintenance of benthic habitats and hyporheic flushing
4c Maintenance of half of the width of the bed wet for habitat
4d Provide habitat during the high flow period, make some pool along the
river full of water
4e Provide access to floodplain habitat
25. Waterbird objectives
ID Objective
5a Maintenance of half of the width of the bed wet for habitat
5b Provide habitat during the high flow period, make some pool along the
river full of water, provide the habitat for the bird to nest
26. Preliminary result only
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
Overbank
Bankfull
High flow pulse
Low flow pulse
High flow
Low flow 1
Low flow 2
Before Tangehe and Shenwo
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Overbank
Bankfull
High flow pulse
Low flow pulse
High flow
Low flow 1
Low flow 2
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
After Tangehe and Shenwo
Overbank
Bankfull
High flow pulse
Low flow pulse
High flow
Low flow 1
Low flow 2
After Guanyinge
27. Conclusion
• It is possible to develop indicators sensitive to the local hydrology
and ecology
• Most of the data and knowledge are already there
