Sectional Anatomy of
Brain
Vipin kumar
Msc medical imaging

APPROACH TO STUDY OF
BRAIN ANATOMY
SKULL VAULT, BASE & SUTURES.
MENINGES.
BRAIN PARENCHYMA.
CSF SPACES & CISTERN

SKULL VAULT

MENINGES
 DURAMATER :
 ARACHNOID MATER
 PIAMATER
 outer periosteal layer & inner meningeal layer

MENINGEAL FOLDS
 DURAL REFLECTIONS
DURAL VENOUS SINUSES
 FALX CEREBRI
B/W TWO DURAMATERS
 TENTORIUM CEREBELLI
FALX CEREBELLI
DIAPHRAGMATIC SELLA

BRAIN
 FOREBRAIN (PROSENCEPHALON)
 Telencephalon – Cerebral hemispheres.
 Diencephalon - Epithalamus,
Thalamus,
Hypothalamus and
Sub thalamus.
 MIDBRAIN ( MESENCEPHALON )
 HINDBRAIN ( RHOMBENCEPHALON)
 Metencephalon – pons and cerebellum.
 Myelencephalon – medulla.

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
 Outer gray matter : the cerebral cortex.
 inner white matter : centrum semiovale.
 Divided into lobes by four important sulci:
 Lateral (Sylvain fissure)
 Central (Rolandic fissure)
 Parieto - occipital and
 Calcarine sulcus.

LOBES OF BRAIN

CORPUS CALLOSUM: Thick band of white matter
connecting two hemispheres.
BASAL GANGLIA : central gray matter of telencephalon
consisting of lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus,
claustrum & amygdala.
INTERNAL CAPSULE: Thick white matter band lying
between caudate nucleus, thalamus & lentiform nucleus.

Trunk/body
Genu of cc splenium
rostrum

MIDBRAIN
(MESENCEPHALON)
Smaller dorsal part - TECTUM
Larger ventral part - CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES
Interpeduncular fossa/cistern separate two
peduncles
Each cerebral peduncle -
CRUS & TEGMENTUM OF MIDBRAIN

Mid brain

HINDBRAIN
 PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA anteriorly
 CEREBELLUM posteriorly
 The fourth ventricle is present between the pons-medulla &
cerebellum

CSF SPACES
 LATERAL VENTRICLES (telencephalon)
 Foramina of monro
 THIRD VENTRICLE (diencephalon)
 Aqueduct of sylvius(MB)
 FOURTH VENTRICLE (hindbrain)
 Foramina of luschca & magendie
 FINALLY INTO THE SUBARACNOID SPACE

SUBARACHNOID CISTERNS
VENTRAL (median & paramedian)
Perimedullary
Prepontine
Suprasellar
Cp angle
DORSAL (median & paramedian)
Cisterna magna
Ambient Cistern
Supracerebellar
Quadrigeminal
Interhemispheric

. Maxillary
Sinus
. Nasopharynx
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Weighted
M.R.I.
Section at the level of Foramen
. Cervical Cord Magnum
Cisterna Magna
. Mandible
Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section at the level of medulla
Sigmoid Sinus
Medulla
Fig. 1.2 Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Cavernous Sinus
ICA
Basilar Artery
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
Pons M.R.I.
TMP
lobe IV Ventricle Section at the level of Pons
IAC MCP Vermis
Cerebellar
Hemisphere

Orbits
midbrain
Aqueduct of Sylvius
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section at the level of Mid Brain
Middle Cerebral Artery Posterior Cerebral Artery
Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Sylvian Fissure
Frontal lobe
III Ventricle Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section at the level of the
III Ventricle
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Fig. 1.5 Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

fontal
Lobe
Frontal Horn
caudate Nucleus
. Putamen
. Internal Cerebral Vein
Internal Capsule
Choroid Plexus within the Post Contrast
sagittal T1 Wtd
occipital horn M.R.I.
Section at the level of Thalamus
Occipital Lobe
Temp Lobe
Thalamus Superior Sagittal Sinus
Fig. 1.6 Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Genu of corpus callosum
Choroid plexus within the
body of lateral ventricle
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section at the level of Corpus
Callosum
Splenium of corpus callosum

Frontal Lobe
Body of the Corpus Callosum
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section at the level of Body of
Corpus Callosum
Parietal Lobe
Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Frontal Lobe
Post Contrast sagittal T1 Wtd
M.R.I.
Section above the Corpus Callosum
Parietal Lobe
Post Contrast Axial MR Image of the brain

Corpous collusm pons
4 th ventricle
medulla
Brainstem

Splenium of CC
Tegmentum of Midbrain
Tectal Plate of Midbrain
4th Ventricle

Scalp fat Internal cerebral vein
Superior sagittal sinus
. Bone
Inferior sagittal sinus Parietal lobe
Corpus callosum
Vein of Galen
Occipital lobe
Mass intermedia
of thalamus
Straight sinus
. Vermis
. IV ventricle
Cerebellar tonsil

Frontal Sinus
Clivus
Tongue

Superior Saggital Sinus
T2 Cornoal
MRI
Sylvian Fissure
Hippocampus Temporal Lobe

Coronal section
Falx cerebri
Lat ventricle
Tentorium
4 th ventricle

Choroid plexus within
lateral ventricle
Posterior frontal lobe
Cerebellar . Posterior temporal
hemisphere lobe
Tentorium
Superior vermis
Cerebellar tonsil
Coronal Section of the Brain at the level of IV Ventricle
Post Contrast Coronal T1 Weighted MRI

Frontal lobe
Corpus callosum
Frontal horn
III
Caudate nucleus
Pituitary gland
Optic nerve
sp Pituitary stalk
Internal carotid artery
np
Cavernous sinus
Coronal Section of the Brain at the level of Pituitary gland
Post Contrast Coronal T1 Weighted MRI

PATHOLOGIS

whole R. hemispherical infarct

bleed into brain stem

Old stroke

New stroke in T2 flair

DWI showing stroke

accumulated blood
mpgr
T2 flair

Cerebral abscesses from endocarditis

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Giant meningioma

Chiari malformation

Herpes encephalitis

Hydrocephalus

giant unruptured MCA aneurysm

T2 Axial MRI with Developmental Delay
and Epilepsy