This document summarizes child well-being indicators in Egypt from 2000-2010 based on surveys and administrative data. It finds improvements in infant mortality and immunization rates but stagnation or worsening of malnutrition, adolescent obesity, poverty, and youth unemployment. Regional disparities persist with poorer outcomes in Upper Egypt and rural areas. The document describes UNICEF initiatives to analyze subnational data through governorate equity profiles and a survey on child poverty in slums. The profiles analyze existing surveys to show disparities across governorates in indicators like antenatal care and births attended by skilled health personnel. This work aims to better understand inequalities within Egypt.

1. Going Beyond National Averages:
The Egypt governorates’ equity profiles and
the study on child poverty in slums
Leonardo Menchini, UNICEF Egypt
Conference on Measurement and Policy Approaches to Enhance Equity
for the New Generation in MENA
Rabat, 22 May 2012

2. Egypt: 2000-2010: a decade of mixed results
for children
Infant and under-5 mortality
Marked improvements in many
key child indicators
• Child mortality: MDG4 target
met around 2005)
• Young child health (more than ANC, SBA, immunization
90% of children of children fully
immunized)
• Education: MDG 2 likely to be
met by 2015, with gender parity
in enrollment in basic education
Source: EDHS, various editions

3. Egypt: 2000-2010: a decade of mixed results
for children
Undernutrion (children<5)
… but also stagnation or deterioration
in some others …
• Growingly high levels of chronic
malnutrition
• Growing number of adolescents at
risk of obesity
• Continuous increase in monetary
poverty (despite the sustained economic
growth, and high spending in social Source: EDHS various editions
protection) Monetary poverty
• High levels of youth unemployment
• Challenging education quality
Persisting high levels of:
• Child labour, children living on the
street, FGM/C (despite the decrease in
prevalence among young women)

4. Persistent high levels of disparities
(geographical and by socio-economic status)
Child income poverty
Regional and socio-economic
disparities are still large, even if there
were some signs of convergence in
the last decade:
• Upper Egypt and rural zones are
the areas were disadvantage is
more concentrated (including poorer
economic and social infrastructure)
Under-5 mortality rate, by region, 2008
• In part the convergence of well- 45.7
50
being was due to the stagnation or
Under-5 mortality rate, per thousand
40 34.4 33.5 32.2
27.6
deterioration of indicators in urban 30
18
20
areas (rapid growth in the population 10
live births
living in slums and informal settlement) 0

5. Available statistical data sources and their
limitations
• Census, 2006
• Administrative data (demographic, education …)
• Household Income, Expenditure, and Consumption
Survey, 1999-2000, 2004-05, 2008-09, 2010-11
• Labour Force Survey
• Demographic and Health Survey (2000, 2003, 2005, 2008 …
the next planned for late 2012- early 2013)
• Survey on Young People in Egypt, 2010
• IDSC Family Conditions Survey 2008-2010
Egypt is relative data rich, but for some key child indicators the most recent
statistics are from 2008. Most sources report national averages, and data
for macro-regions, but not for governorates, districts etc.

6. Main data initiatives of UNICEF Egypt
Toofula Info (database on child rights indicators developed in
collaboration with the Child Rights Observatory)
EgyInfo (with CAPMAS)
Monitoring Results for Equity System (for the
Perinatal Care Programme in Upper Egypt, in collaboration with
MoHP)
Governorate Equity Profiles (secondary analysis of
existing survey, including DHS and FCS)
Survey on child multidimensional poverty in
slums and unplanned urban areas

7. The Governorate Equity Profiles
Based on the secondary analysis of existing
household surveys (with data representative at
governorate level), Census and Administrative data.
To respond to the lack of subnational data, making
more extensive and efficient use of the existing data
sources
The current (still internal) version includes
demographic and economic/poverty data from
CAPMAS, and the elaboration of the last EDHS. The
disaggregated results from Family Conditions Survey
is being included now

8. Contents of the Governorate Profiles
• Demography
• Nutrition
• Maternal and New Born Health Care
• Immunization
• HIV/AIDS
• FGM/c
• Education
• Water and Sanitation
• Employment and Poverty

9. Example of section of the governorate profile
Maternal and newborn health, Cairo
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH CAIRO (EDHS, 2008)
Coverage along the continuum of care (%)
Proportion of mothers who consumed vitamin A-
51
rich foods Pre-pregnancy
Proportion of mothers who consumed iron-rich
foods 88
Antenatal care coverage for at least four visits 49
Pregnancy
Antenatal care coverage for at least one visit
(ANC) 91
Births attended by skilled health personnel 92
Birth
Caesarean deliveries 38
Proportion of last births who had any postnatal
care 32 Neonatal period
Early initiation of breastfeeding (within one hour
of birth) 49
Children 1 year-old immunized against measles 98 Infancy
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

10. Example of section of the governorate profile
Maternal and newborn health, Assiut
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH ASSIUT (EDHS, 2008)
Coverage along the continuum of care (%)
Proportion of mothers who consumed vitamin A-
54
rich foods Pre-pregnancy
Proportion of mothers who consumed iron-rich
80
foods
Antenatal care coverage for at least four visits 56
Pregnancy
Antenatal care coverage for at least one visit
(ANC) 72
Births attended by skilled health personnel 56
Birth
Caesarean deliveries 14
Proportion of last births who had any postnatal
care 30 Neonatal period
Early initiation of breastfeeding (within one hour
56
of birth)
Children 1 year-old immunized against measles 97 Infancy
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

11. Visualising disparities among governorates
Ante-natal care Ante-natal care
Lowest level 48 Lowest level 48
Monufia Monufia
Damietta Damietta
Highest level 95 Highest level 95
Cairo 91.0 Menia 61.0
Egypt 73.6 Egypt 73.6
Sohag 56% Upper Egypt 66%
Births attended by
skilled health
52% 98%
personnel
Fayum Port Said
Egypt Average 79%

12. Equity profiles: visualizing disparities using maps
(DevInfo)
Kafr El-Shkh
92 Dakahlia Port-Said
96
Alexandria
95 98
Behra 84 Sharkia
91
85
Menoufia 73
Kalyoubia 93
Ismailia
North Sinai
Proportion of births assisted
82
87 Cairo
92
by skilled health personnel
Suez
Matrouh
Fayoum 95 (%)
52
Giza Beni-Suef South Sinai
83 67
Menia
58
Assyout
56
Suhag
56
Quena
74
Luxor 93
New Valley Red Sea
Aswan
89
Source: EDHS 2008

13. Survey on child multidimensional poverty in
slums and unplanned urban areas
Study started in late 2011, aiming to better understand
inequalities in urban areas, and in particular poverty
and vulnerabilities of children living in slums and
unplanned areas.
Ongoing research, based on a household survey
designed specifically to collect data on child
multimensional poverty and wellbeing
6000 households (14000 children) in 4 major Egypt’s
cities (Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said and Sohag)
Preliminary results: early June

14. Thank you
UNICEF Egypt
www.unicef.org/Egypt
May 2012