Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants - AMPGas, Enzo Mangano, University of Edinburgh - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants - AMPGas, Enzo Mangano, University of Edinburgh - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
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Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants - AMPGas, Enzo Mangano, University of Edinburgh - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
3. AMPGas Project
3
Aims:
• Apply a range of experimental techniques to determine equilibrium and
kinetic properties of nanoporous materials, which are being developed for
CO2 capture from dilute streams;
• Predict the performance of an integrated adsorption process based on rapid
thermal swing;
• Demonstrate the proposed process using a bench scale rotary wheel
adsorber.
Materials:
Thanks to the expertise of the partners different materials can be tested:
Zeolites (St. Andrews University)
Amine‐containing MOFs (St. Andrews University)
Amine‐based Silicas (Heriot‐Watt University & St. Andrews University)
Amine‐containing Carbon and Carbon Nanotubes (University of Edinburgh)
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
5. Porous Materials
5
Cation Gating Zeolites Small Pore MOFs
• Metal organic frameworks consist of
organic linker groups coordinated to metal
clusters (nodes)
• Ability to modify both metal source and
organic linker makes MOFs highly versatile
• Functionalisation of organic linkers can
have a profound effect on the adsorption
properties of the material.
• Aluminosilicates which contain 8
membered windows, such as RHO, ECR‐18
• Extra framework cations adopt positions in
window sites
• Co‐operative interaction between CO2 and
cation causes cation to move allowing CO2
to pass through window
• Highly selective for CO2/ N2 and CO2/ CH4
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
9. Cation Gating Zeolites: ECR‐18
9
Na,H‐ECR‐18
0 50 100 150 200
0
5
10
Relativeintensity(a.u.)
Time (s)
0.3082 g
CO2/N2 (50:50)
20 cc/min
303 K
Structural changes of synthetic paulingite (Na,H‐ECR‐18) upon dehydration and CO2 adsorption A. G.
Greenaway, J. Shin, P. A. Cox, E. Shiko, S. P. Thompson, S. Brandani, S. Bong Hong, P. A. Wright*, Zeit.
Krist. – Crystalline Materials, 2015, 230, 223‐231
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
12. Small Pore MOFs
12
CO2 at 273 K
N2 at 77 K
• Model Sc2BDC3 series is hydrophobic
• Isostructural series with functional
groups
• Resulting MOFs exhibit different
adsorption properties
• Amine –functionalised most selective
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
13. CO2 adsorption on Sc2(NH2‐BDC)3
13
Thermodynamics
from isotherms
Kinetics (Zero Length Column)
Heat of adsorption 31(±3) kJ mol‐1
In situ synchrotron IR microspectroscopy of CO2 adsorption on the functionalised MOF Sc2(BDC‐NH2)3
A. Greenaway, B. Gonzalez‐Santiago, P. M. Donaldson, M. D. Frogley, G. Cinque, J. Sotelo, S. Moggach,
E. Shiko, S. Brandani, R. F. Howe and P. A. Wright Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 13483‐13487
0.01
0.1
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
t(min)
C/C0
11 ml/min
21 ml/min
32 ml/min
blank 11 ml/min
blank 21 ml/min
blank 32 ml/min
0.01
0.1
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ft(ml)
C/C0
11 ml/min
21 ml/min
32 ml/min
blank 11 ml/min
blank 21 ml/min
blank 32 ml/min
Desorption curves of CO2 from Sc2(BDC‐NH2)3 and an
empty ZLC column at different flowrates. The
normalized decrease in concentration (C/C0) is
plotted against a) time (t) and b) Ft scales.
Desorption is under equilibrium conditions even at
fastest flow rate
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
23. Testing Novel Adsorbents: the Zero Length Column
23
An experimental technique should allow us to:
• Rank CO2 capacity of materials rapidly
• Require only small samples
• Interpret the results easily
• Allow to determine kinetics
• Allow to test the materials with water
• Allow to test the materials with SOx and NOx
A properly designed ZLC system can deliver
on all of these requirements. -100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Time, s
Signal
Full sat. Partial sat.
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
34. Process scale‐up: Dual Piston PSA
34
Benefits of DP‐PSA
• Direct test of the separation
performance
• Single column required
• Closed system with total reflux;
only small amount of gas needed
• Rapid testing of adsorbent
materials
• Many different experiments are
possible
• Particularly suitable to measure
kinetic and equilibrium properties
of novel adsorbent materials
Aim
Testing of novel materials for the
separation of CO2 from flue gas
Dosing system
Column
PistonsOven
Pressure readings
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
36. Complete
model
Non-
Isothermal: 1T
Non-
Isothermal: 2T
Non-
Isothermal: 3T
Isothermal
No Pressure
drop
Pressure
drop
No Film
resistance
Film
resistance
No
Macropore
Macropore
LDF
Macropore
Diffusion
Micropore
LDF
Micropore
Diffusion
Micropore
Equilibrium
Dusty Gas
Model
MS-Surface
diffusion
Complete
model
Non-
Isothermal: 1T
Non-
Isothermal: 2T
Non-
Isothermal: 3T
Isothermal
No Pressure
drop
Pressure
drop
No Film
resistance
Film
resistance
No
Macropore
Macropore
LDF
Macropore
Diffusion
Micropore
LDF
Micropore
Diffusion
Micropore
Equilibrium
Dusty Gas
Model
MS-Surface
diffusion
Adsorption model hierarchy
36
Now including also Ideal Adsorption Solution
Theory methods for multicomponent adsorption
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
37. General adsorption cycle simulator
37
Feed
Pressurisation
Adsorption
Evacuation
PE
Purge
PE
Column 2
Column 1
Adsorption systems
• Multiple adsorption columns
• Connected by splitters, mixers,
valves and tanks
• Series of cycle steps:
pressurisation, feed, purge, …
Extend column simulation to general adsorption cycles
• Modular system with different units: adsorption
columns, valves, splitters, tanks, ...
• Arbitrary number and connection of the units
• Simulate different cycle configurations by time events,
e.g. switching of valves
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
40. Rotary Wheel Adsorber for carbon capture – Advantages
40
• Can treat large volumes of gas
• Lower capital cost (no multiple columns, piping , valves, etc…)
• Efficient heat integration
• Low pressure drop
• Can perform rapid temperature swings
• Thermal cycles of few minutes: 10 times faster than traditional TSA
in fixed bed
• Significant reduction of the size of the capture plant
Due to very low concentration of CO2 thermal swing adsorption is required for
rapid regeneration of the adsorbent.
A properly designed rotary wheel adsorber:
UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015
52. LiFi – how does it work?
52
Time
Intensity
1 1 1 10 0 00 0
On
Off
Spectrum:
• Unregulated (free)
• Huge
• Safe
Existing Infrastructure
Inexpensive devices
Prof. Harald Haas, Dr. Stefan Videv UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2015