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Chemical Handling
- 1. Graves Construction Safety Training Safe Chemical Handling
- 2. Categories of Hazardous Chemicals Corrosive Flammable Toxic Reactive Biological (infectious) Carcinogen (cancer- causing) Radioactive
- 3. Physical States of Hazardous Materials Liquid Solid Gas Vapor
- 4. How to Handle Chemicals Properly Use cautions Always follow procedures Read all labels Keep yourself and the work area clean Plan ahead
- 5. Routes of Exposure Inhalation Ingestion Absorption Injection
- 6. Symptoms of Possible Overexposure Eye discomfort Breathing difficulty Dizziness Headache Nausea Vomiting Skin irritation
- 7. Incompatible Chemicals Flammables and oxidizers Flammables and any ignition source Acids and cyanides Strong acids and strong alkalines Concentrated acids and water Organic solvents and corrosives Corrosives and other reactive materials
- 8. Agencies That Regulate Hazardous Chemical Storage Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) National fire protection association (NFPA) Environmental protection agency (EPA) Department of transportation (DOT)
- 9. Handling Flammable Chemicals Keep containers closed when not in use Keep away from ignition sources Avoid contact with incompatible materials Only transfer to approved containers Bond all receiving containers Clean up spills and dispose of waste properly
- 10. Proper Storage of Flammable Chemicals Ensure that storage areas meet regulatory requirements Replace all bung caps with drum vents after receiving containers Ground all drums properly Store quantities in approved storage rooms and cabinets Store only in small quantities
- 11. General Safety Tips Never eat, drink, or smoke while using hazardous chemicals Use personal protective equipment as required Make sure all chemical containers are properly labeled Always wash up after using chemicals
- 12. General Safety Tips (Cont.) Never smell or taste a chemical to identify it Know all emergency procedures and equipment Always read labels’ MSDSs prior to use Store all hazardous chemicals properly Always use hazardous chemicals as intended
- 13. Primary Container Labels Identity of the hazardous chemical Appropriate hazard warnings Name and address of the manufacturer or importer Target organ effects
- 14. Secondary Container Labels Identity of the hazardous chemical Hazard warning information
- 15. Handling Chemical Emergencies Know emergency phone numbers Know how to control the spill Know proper equipment shutdown procedure Know proper evacuation routes and assembly areas
- 16. What Emergency Personnel Should Know Emergency cleanup and disposal measures Required protective equipment Use of cleanup equipment Firefighting and other emergency measures (i.E., First aid) Use of other emergency equipment
- 17. First Aid for Chemicals in the Eyes Don’t rub the eyes Hold eyelids open and flush with water for 15 minutes Be careful not to contaminate the other eye Seek additional medical attention
- 18. First Aid for Chemicals on the Skin Flush area with lukewarm water for 15 minutes Remove clothing and jewelry from burn area Seek additional medical attention
- 19. First Aid for Chemical Inhalation Move victim to fresh air Get immediate help
- 20. First Aid for Chemical Ingestion Induce vomiting only if told to do so by poison control Get immediate medical attention
Editor's Notes
- Although there are no specific standards on safe chemical handling, it is important that all employees who use chemicals understand the hazards associated with the process. OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 gives you the right to know about the chemicals you work with and their associated hazards.
- Companies must keep inventories of their hazardous chemicals. This inventory will allow companies to determine which categories of chemicals they have. Most of this information should be covered in a company’s Hazard Communication Program.
- It is important for the users of chemicals to know what physical state they are in. The physical state can affect the routes of exposure, or how the chemical can enter and harm your body.
- Handling chemicals safely involves a lot of common sense; however, learning and understanding specifics about the chemical is very important. Always use caution when using chemicals. Follow all the proper procedures every time. Taking shortcuts could result in accidents. The first thing you should do before using any chemical is to read the container label —it will give you the basic hazards and precautions associated with the chemical. Plan ahead when using chemicals. Have all the PPE, equipment, and other items you need nearby.
- These are the four primary routes of exposure. The most common route is inhalation because most chemicals are used in the liquid state; therefore, if they are volatile, they will give off vapors that can be inhaled when in the breathing zone. Ingesting does not mean drinking a chemical. Ingestion can occur when eating or drinking after using a chemical. Absorption means evaporating through skin contact or mucous membranes. Injection usually occurs by accidental needlepricks or sharp injuries.
- Should you or anyone you know suffer any of these symptoms while working with chemicals, seek medical attention immediately and report the incident to your supervisor.
- ISevere consequences can result from mixing the chemicals listed on this slide. These events include: Fire Explosion Chemical Reactions Release of Heat (Energy) Splashing and Spattering Degradation of materials
- Companies that use hazardous chemicals will be regulated by any and all of these agencies, depending on the specific use. OSHA deals with the productive use of chemicals. NFPA deals with flammable and combustible chemicals. EPA deals with wastes associated with hazardous chemicals. DOT deals with the transportation of hazardous chemicals.
- Flammable chemicals are widely used in industry. It is important that companies that use these chemicals understand storage and use requirements. Bonding receiving containers will dissipate static electricity and prevent explosion. During any spill response, make sure only nonsparking tools are used and that any potential ignition sources are eliminated.
- Make sure all storage containers are approved for use with flammable materials. Grounding and venting are important for reducing the likelihood of fire or explosion. If barrels or drums are heated and build up pressure, they can blast off like a rocket.
- Always practice good personal hygiene when using chemicals. Always respect the chemicals you handle. If you do not know what a chemical is, or have not been trained to use it, don’t use it. Be sure to wash thoroughly with soap and water after using any chemical.
- Prior to using a chemical, obtain all available information so that you have additional information about the chemical. To identify any chemical, read the label and refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet. These tools will give you all the information you need to work safely with the chemical.
- Chemical labels give you basic information at a glance, including: The identity of the chemical The hazard warnings The name and address of the manufacturer Target organ effects, or the organs of your body that could be harmed by using the chemical. You can not deface the manufacturer’s label or cover it with a label of your own.
- Secondary containers are those that a chemical is transferred to. Make sure that secondary containers are labeled with this information so that the user can adequately trace the material back to the original container for additional hazard information.
- If employees are uncertain how to handle the emergency, they should evacuate the area and let someone else handle it. Information on this slide is contained in our Emergency Action Plan. It’s covered by a different OSHA standard, 29 CFR 1910.38.
- Even if outside personnel perform emergency services relative to a chemical spill, the owner of the company must ensure that proper emergency procedures are followed. All nontrained personnel should stay away from the emergency area.
- This information can also be found on almost any material safety data sheet for a given chemical. If you do not know first-aid procedures and have not been properly trained, do not attempt to perform first aid on a victim.
- Follow these procedures as outlined.
- Follow these procedures as in cases of chemical inhalation.
- Follow these procedures as outlined.