ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 1
The European Climate
Change Programme
ECCP II
Angel Perez Sainz
Head of Unit
Energy Production and Distribution Systems
DG Research
European Commission
The role of Technology
in Climate Change Policy
Stakeholders Meeting 24 Oct 2005

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 2
OUTLINE
 Where are we ? Where do we want to go ?
 A huge potential for technology
 Actions underway: Is there sufficient
awareness, consistency ?
 Avenues for the future : The role of ECCP

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 3
Communication from the EC (February 2005) :
“Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change”
Challenges : More drastic GHG reductions will be needed
max. 2°C increase, max. 450 ppmv,- 50 / 60% by 2050
 Participation Challenge: Include all major emitters
 share of EU-25 in world GHG emissions will decline to <10%
 share of developing countries will expand to >50%
 Innovation Challenge
 Pulling technological change: Stimulate markets to promote
adoption of new technology
 Pushing technological change: Invest in knowledge economy
to give EU a competitive edge in a low carbon future
 Adaptation Challenge
CLIMATE CHANGE - POST 2012

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 4
Communication from the EC (February 2005) :
Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change”
Conclusions
 The inclusion of more policy areas:
 widen scope of international action to cover all greenhouse gases and
all sectors.
 Enhanced innovation to transform energy and transport systems
 optimal mix of technology ‘push’ (RTD) and ‘pull’ (Market Stimulation)
instruments
 The continued use of market based and flexible instruments
 The inclusion of adaptation policies
 More resources need to be allocated in the EU to adapt effectively to
climate change
 The broadening of participation
 Specific projects/ programmes with major emitting nations to improve
energy efficiency or to promote development and adoption of low-
carbon technologies
CLIMATE CHANGE - POST 2012

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 5
Communication from the EC (February 2005) :
“Winning the Battle Against Global Climate Change”
EC recommendations for a post-2012 EU Climate Change
Strategy: NEXT STEPS
 Immediate and effective implementation of agreed policies
Kyoto Protocol, ETAP, Energy Efficiency Initiative.
 Increased public awareness
 More and better focused research
increased EU funding under the 7th Framework Programme
 Stronger co-operation with third countries
technology transfer, scientific R&D cooperation
 European Climate Change Programme in 2005
 energy efficiency,
 RES,
 the transport sector
 carbon capture and storage.
CLIMATE CHANGE - POST 2012

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 6
Some issues and facts
 The Energy system is complex
 Debate by policy drivers, climate change, but also security of
supply, growth and competitiveness
 Greenhouse gases and the energy system
 Sectoral approaches useful, but need to address the whole
energy system
 Interaction between sources, carriers, and conversion must
also be reflected in RTD programmes
 Energy efficiency and energy savings : Energy policy and
Technology policy

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 7
Development vs.
Deployment
Status of
development
Example of
technologies
Type of actions
needed
Future promising technology Termonuclear fusion RTD
New energy technology Hydrogen
Fuel cells
New generation PV systems
Virtual PP concepts
CCS
RTD: cost, safety, reliability,
performance
Preparation of regulatory and
market frameworks
Existing but not fully deployed
commercially
New nuclear / Most RES (PV,
solar, biomass, ocean …)
Microgrids
Some fuel cells
Biofuels
Policy measures
RTD (decrease costs)
Established technology Fossil fuels
Gas turbines
Internal combustion energies
Some RES (e.g. hydro, wind,
geothermal)
RTD focussed on improving
efficiency (mainly private effort)
Policy measures to stimulate
efficiency/savings

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 8
Technology Development
vs. Deployment
 Factors to consider :
 Technology push vs. Market pull
 Competition factors : level playing field
 Internalisation of external costs
 High cost, long life of energy infrastructures

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 9
The Stabilization Triangle
1955 2005 2055
0
7
14
1.9
Billions of tons of
carbon per year
year
Interim goal
Tougher targets
Flat path
Stabilization triangle
Introduction to the Wedges
Ref. R. Socolow-Princeton University

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 10
Cutting the Stabilization Triangle in Wedges
Flat path
7 * 1 GtC
50 years
One wedge is 7*50/2 = 175 GtC
Wedges

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 11
A huge potential for technology
(… but obstacles are also huge)
Energy technology developed in the Framework
programmes is all climate friendly
FP6 : 205 M€ / year FP7 : 418 M€ / year
Short term Long term
Large scale
deployment of
renewables
Integration: RES +
Efficiency (Building,
Eco, Polygeneration)
Alternative fuels
Fuel cells
Carriers, H2 &
Electricity
Renewables
CO2 C+S
Hydrogen and Fuel cells
Renewable electricity generation
Renewable fuel production
Renewable for heating and cooling
CO2 capture and storage technologies for
zero emission power generation
Clean coal technologies
Smart energy networks
Energy savings and energy efficiency
Knowledge for energy policy making

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 12
A great variety of
initiatives underway
 Both at the European and International level
 RTD Framework programmes and
Competitiveness and Innovation Programme
(CIP)
 The United Nations Development Programme
– Energy for sustainable development
 A number of initiatives for facilitating
financing and investment in low carbon
technologies

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 13
A great variety of
initiatives underway
 Need for awareness and coordination
 Need for a more coherent strategy on
technology policy for climate change

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 14
“Winning the battle”
Next steps
 Recognise the role of technology
 Identify the interactions between policy measures,
particularly those where technology has a central
role
 A Climate change Technology Strategy and Policy

ECCP II Stakeholder meeting Oct 2005 Slide n° 15
Role of ECCP
 Establish a working group (including
public and private stakeholders) to
 Discuss and clarify issues and
 Review and analyse initiatives underway
 Assess « strategies » in relevant major
partners
 Recommend a way forward to the EC/EU