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Can we hack open
source #cloud platforms
    to help reduce
      emissions?

                 Tom Raftery
      #Monktoberfest 2012, Portland Maine



                       1
Tom Raftery
                                                             • Lead analyst, energy and
                                                                 sustainability practice,
                                                                 RedMonk

                                                             • CIX, Chip & Zenith
                                                             • GreenMonk.net
                                                             • twitter.com/tomraftery
                                                             • tom@redmonk.com
                                                             • +34 677 695 468
                                                             • SlideShare.net/TomRaftery
                                                  2

CIX, Chip & Zenith - involvement with Cloud, going back to late 90’s
Garret FitzGerald 1926-2011




                                                    3

Unlikely politician - highly intelligent academic, unimpeachable integrity, head in the clouds(!)
Garret FitzGerald




                                     Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/caribb/5391899550/

                                                              4

Before he became a politician -
In 1949 analyzed the earliest published Aeroflot timetables, and produced one of the first accurate
estimations of the size of Russia's airliner fleet - previously a closely guarded secret
Garret FitzGerald




                                      Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/steve_brace/2568478072/

                                                                  5

KGB thought he was a spy!

And look an image with KGB logo - and a sleeping cat!

Proving there’s no such thing as security by obscurity & the internet rocks!
Cloud problem



No transparency



       6
Problem




                   http://greenmonk.net/2011/07/21/carbon-disclosure-projects-emissions-reduction-claims-for-cloud-computing-are-flawed/

                                                                                  7

Something I have been blogging about for quite a while
Problem




                                      http://greenmonk.net/2012/01/09/is-cloud-computing-green/

                                                                 8

And giving conference talks about it as well
Problem




                     http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/technology/data-centers-waste-vast-amounts-of-energy-belying-industry-image.html

                                                                                 9

Data centers use vast amounts of electricity

Typically only 6-12% of the electricity powering their servers goes to perform computations - McKinsey &
Co.

Rest used to keep servers idling and ready in case of a surge in activity - dynamic provisioning - i.e. the
elastic in ec2!
Energy ≠ Emissions



                                                  10

NYT article was good but concentrated on energy
Bear in mind that energy use and emissions are not necessarily related
Energy is not a proxy for emissions
Facebook




                               Photo http://www.facebook.com/album.php?id=193287527693&aid=183026

                                                              11

A practical example of this is...
Prineville site
Open Compute - open sourced the design of DC & hardware!
Energy
“As of the end of Q3 2011, the Prineville data center
had a power usage effectiveness (PUE) of 1.08...
much lower than the industry standard of 1.5.

Facebook’s energy consumption per unit of computing
power has declined by 38%”




                    http://opencompute.org/about/energy-efficiency/

                                          12
Emissions




                                          http://www.pacificorp.com/es/mining.html

                                                           13

58% of its energy from coal
12% from gas
=> over 70% from fossil fuel directly.

22.5% is purchased from other suppliers so could also be fossil fuel.
Dublin




                       http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2011/08/07/lightning-in-dublin-knocks-amazon-microsoft-data-centers-offline/

                                                                                        14

Microsoft
Amazon
Google
IBM
SunGard
Digital Realty Trust

All have significant DC’s in Dublin
Emissions


Ireland sources 84% of electricity from fossil fuels




             http://www.eirgrid.com/operations/systemperformancedata/electricitystatistics/

                                                     15
Emissions


            UK sources >90% of its electricity from fossil fuels




                                              https://restats.decc.gov.uk/cms/national-renewables-statistics/

                                                                            16

“Renewables contribution to UK electricity generation was 9.4% in 2011”
Emissions




                                            http://www.pacificorp.com/es/mining.html

                                                             17

The carbon intensity of a data center’s electricity is more important than it’s efficiency!
Cloud providers




                                  18

Partial list of cloud companies
Clean cloud providers




                                                19

Rackspace’s UK data center runs on 100% renewable power
Google have large renewable investments and their operations are carbon neutral
Clean cloud providers




                                                20

Greenqloud are based in Iceland where elec is 100% renewable
Clean cloud providers




                                   http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/sustainable-energy/

                                                          21

Amazon claim 0 carbon for two of their regions
Clean cloud providers




                                https://twitter.com/jeffbarr/status/251306461836222464
                                                        22

but demur when asked to back up the claim

How can we verify it is true?
*Sound of crickets chirping*
Problem



 Data?



   23
Cloud emissions data




                                  24

Partial list of cloud companies
Cloud emissions data
                     providers




                                 http://www.sapsustainabilityreport.com/greenhouse-gas-footprint

                                                               25

This is as granular as the data gets!
Cloud emissions data
                    providers




                                http://www.salesforce.com/company/sustainability/impact.jsp

                                                           26

Reports 2 weeks late
Gives data for carbon saved, not carbon emitted
Cloud emissions data
                    providers




                                 http://www.salesforce.com/company/sustainability/savings.jsp
                                                             27

Completely inaccurate depending on where in EU on premise is being hosted
If hosted in France or Spain with low carbon intensity - move to Salesforce could increase emissions
Wothout Salesforce emissions data, how do we know?
Why don’t they?




                           Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/pahudson/7742561802/

                                                    28

Competitive intelligence
Why don’t they?




                         Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/nathanmarciniak/2207977707/

                                                     29

Hide their emissions
Why don’t they?




                                Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomasfisherlibrary/6887173879/

                                                              30

Lack of reporting standards
This being Monktoberfest, I had to get in a gratuitous beer shot
Outcome


          “If you can’t measure it, you
          can’t manage it”



                                               31

Lack of focus on emissions => increased emissions
Reminder


A quick recap of 2012 so far...




               32
Recap




                                                                                           33

In	
  the	
  third	
  quarter	
  alone,	
  crop	
  produc2on	
  dropped	
  $12	
  billion	
  “due	
  to	
  this	
  summer’s	
  severe	
  heat	
  and	
  drought.”	
  	
  
Drop	
  in	
  US	
  farm	
  inventories	
  was	
  so	
  sharp	
  in	
  the	
  last	
  quarter	
  that	
  it	
  wiped	
  0.2%	
  off	
  of	
  U.S.	
  GDP	
  in	
  the	
  latest	
  revision.
In	
  Texas,	
  the	
  drought	
  has	
  killed	
  more	
  than	
  300	
  million	
  trees.	
  
Nearly	
  98%	
  of	
  Nebraska	
  is	
  in	
  extreme	
  to	
  excep2onal	
  drought	
  —	
  3	
  months	
  ago,	
  none	
  of	
  it	
  was!

hSp://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/30/929381/epic-­‐dust-­‐bowl-­‐of-­‐2012-­‐con2nues/
Recap




  http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/27/us-usa-wildfires-idUSBRE85L1DD20120627        http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19433715




                                                                                    34

One of the worst wildfire seasons on record
Wildfires in US and EU
Recap




    http://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/29/world/asia/pakistan-floods/index.html        http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19767627




                                                                             35

Serious floods
Recap




                            http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/02/us-usa-weather-records-idUSBRE8611EL20120702



                                                                     36

From June 25th - July 1st 2012 in US 2,171 US records broken or matched
In June 2012 that number is 3,215
Recap




                  http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/


                                                                        37

Huge issues of ice loss in the arctic
Recap




                http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/


                                                                       38

Lack of focus on emissions => increased emissions
Recap




                 http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/


                                                                        39

Minimum was 760,000 square kilometers (293,000 square miles) below previous record minimum extent
in the satellite record, which occurred on September 18, 2007. This is an area about the size of the state
of Texas.
3.29 million square kilometers (1.27 million square miles) below the 1979 to 2000 average minimum,
representing an area nearly twice the size of the state of Alaska
18% below 2007 and 49% below the 1979 to 2000 average
Recap




                                      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YegdEOSQotE


                                                         40

That’s not to mention the issue of arctic methane - what its effects will be are, as yet, unknown (but they
won’t be good!)
Cloud?

Cloud computing’s emissions don’t directly cause all these
                                                   issues.

                       But they do play a significant part.




                          41
Solution?



                           Open Source



                                42

Here’s where we can help
Solution?




   43
Solution?




                                     http://www.flickr.com/photos/viamoi/3465644425/

                                                          44

Why not fork open source cloud platforms?
Solution?




                                      http://www.flickr.com/photos/traftery/5369447689/

                                                            45

Add in emissions metrics & reporting tools
Solution?




                                         http://www.amee.com/products/
                                                      46

Companies like AMEE already provide API’s for this kind of info
Solution?




                                    http://www.flickr.com/photos/dixieroadrash/3769522479/

                                                            47

Get the update accepted back into the core
Solution?




                                        http://www.eucalyptus.com/about/customers

                                                          48

And thus distributed with next update
Solution?




                                        http://www.cloudstack.org/users.html

                                                        49

And thus distributed with next update
Solution?




                                        http://www.openstack.org/foundation/companies/

                                                             50

And thus distributed with next update
btw




                                        https://www.mastodonc.com/dashboard

                                                       51

The Mastodon C dashboard gives stats on emissions from various cloud providers - in case you’re
interested in keeping your cloud emissions down.
Lot of it is guestimated data - need real data.
Conclusion

  Adding emissions metrics & reporting to
cloud computing will help reduce emissions.



     Question is - is anyone up for it?



                     52
Thanks!
              Contact information:

                    Tom Raftery
Principal Analyst, Energy & Sustainability, RedMonk

              Tom@redmonk.com,
                GreenMonk.net,
             Twitter.com/tomraftery
                +34 677 695 468

                        53

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Can we hack open source #cloud platforms to help reduce emissions?

  • 1. Can we hack open source #cloud platforms to help reduce emissions? Tom Raftery #Monktoberfest 2012, Portland Maine 1
  • 2. Tom Raftery • Lead analyst, energy and sustainability practice, RedMonk • CIX, Chip & Zenith • GreenMonk.net • twitter.com/tomraftery • tom@redmonk.com • +34 677 695 468 • SlideShare.net/TomRaftery 2 CIX, Chip & Zenith - involvement with Cloud, going back to late 90’s
  • 3. Garret FitzGerald 1926-2011 3 Unlikely politician - highly intelligent academic, unimpeachable integrity, head in the clouds(!)
  • 4. Garret FitzGerald Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/caribb/5391899550/ 4 Before he became a politician - In 1949 analyzed the earliest published Aeroflot timetables, and produced one of the first accurate estimations of the size of Russia's airliner fleet - previously a closely guarded secret
  • 5. Garret FitzGerald Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/steve_brace/2568478072/ 5 KGB thought he was a spy! And look an image with KGB logo - and a sleeping cat! Proving there’s no such thing as security by obscurity & the internet rocks!
  • 7. Problem http://greenmonk.net/2011/07/21/carbon-disclosure-projects-emissions-reduction-claims-for-cloud-computing-are-flawed/ 7 Something I have been blogging about for quite a while
  • 8. Problem http://greenmonk.net/2012/01/09/is-cloud-computing-green/ 8 And giving conference talks about it as well
  • 9. Problem http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/technology/data-centers-waste-vast-amounts-of-energy-belying-industry-image.html 9 Data centers use vast amounts of electricity Typically only 6-12% of the electricity powering their servers goes to perform computations - McKinsey & Co. Rest used to keep servers idling and ready in case of a surge in activity - dynamic provisioning - i.e. the elastic in ec2!
  • 10. Energy ≠ Emissions 10 NYT article was good but concentrated on energy Bear in mind that energy use and emissions are not necessarily related Energy is not a proxy for emissions
  • 11. Facebook Photo http://www.facebook.com/album.php?id=193287527693&aid=183026 11 A practical example of this is... Prineville site Open Compute - open sourced the design of DC & hardware!
  • 12. Energy “As of the end of Q3 2011, the Prineville data center had a power usage effectiveness (PUE) of 1.08... much lower than the industry standard of 1.5. Facebook’s energy consumption per unit of computing power has declined by 38%” http://opencompute.org/about/energy-efficiency/ 12
  • 13. Emissions http://www.pacificorp.com/es/mining.html 13 58% of its energy from coal 12% from gas => over 70% from fossil fuel directly. 22.5% is purchased from other suppliers so could also be fossil fuel.
  • 14. Dublin http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2011/08/07/lightning-in-dublin-knocks-amazon-microsoft-data-centers-offline/ 14 Microsoft Amazon Google IBM SunGard Digital Realty Trust All have significant DC’s in Dublin
  • 15. Emissions Ireland sources 84% of electricity from fossil fuels http://www.eirgrid.com/operations/systemperformancedata/electricitystatistics/ 15
  • 16. Emissions UK sources >90% of its electricity from fossil fuels https://restats.decc.gov.uk/cms/national-renewables-statistics/ 16 “Renewables contribution to UK electricity generation was 9.4% in 2011”
  • 17. Emissions http://www.pacificorp.com/es/mining.html 17 The carbon intensity of a data center’s electricity is more important than it’s efficiency!
  • 18. Cloud providers 18 Partial list of cloud companies
  • 19. Clean cloud providers 19 Rackspace’s UK data center runs on 100% renewable power Google have large renewable investments and their operations are carbon neutral
  • 20. Clean cloud providers 20 Greenqloud are based in Iceland where elec is 100% renewable
  • 21. Clean cloud providers http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/sustainable-energy/ 21 Amazon claim 0 carbon for two of their regions
  • 22. Clean cloud providers https://twitter.com/jeffbarr/status/251306461836222464 22 but demur when asked to back up the claim How can we verify it is true? *Sound of crickets chirping*
  • 24. Cloud emissions data 24 Partial list of cloud companies
  • 25. Cloud emissions data providers http://www.sapsustainabilityreport.com/greenhouse-gas-footprint 25 This is as granular as the data gets!
  • 26. Cloud emissions data providers http://www.salesforce.com/company/sustainability/impact.jsp 26 Reports 2 weeks late Gives data for carbon saved, not carbon emitted
  • 27. Cloud emissions data providers http://www.salesforce.com/company/sustainability/savings.jsp 27 Completely inaccurate depending on where in EU on premise is being hosted If hosted in France or Spain with low carbon intensity - move to Salesforce could increase emissions Wothout Salesforce emissions data, how do we know?
  • 28. Why don’t they? Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/pahudson/7742561802/ 28 Competitive intelligence
  • 29. Why don’t they? Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/nathanmarciniak/2207977707/ 29 Hide their emissions
  • 30. Why don’t they? Photo http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomasfisherlibrary/6887173879/ 30 Lack of reporting standards This being Monktoberfest, I had to get in a gratuitous beer shot
  • 31. Outcome “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it” 31 Lack of focus on emissions => increased emissions
  • 32. Reminder A quick recap of 2012 so far... 32
  • 33. Recap 33 In  the  third  quarter  alone,  crop  produc2on  dropped  $12  billion  “due  to  this  summer’s  severe  heat  and  drought.”     Drop  in  US  farm  inventories  was  so  sharp  in  the  last  quarter  that  it  wiped  0.2%  off  of  U.S.  GDP  in  the  latest  revision. In  Texas,  the  drought  has  killed  more  than  300  million  trees.   Nearly  98%  of  Nebraska  is  in  extreme  to  excep2onal  drought  —  3  months  ago,  none  of  it  was! hSp://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/30/929381/epic-­‐dust-­‐bowl-­‐of-­‐2012-­‐con2nues/
  • 34. Recap http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/27/us-usa-wildfires-idUSBRE85L1DD20120627 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19433715 34 One of the worst wildfire seasons on record Wildfires in US and EU
  • 35. Recap http://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/29/world/asia/pakistan-floods/index.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19767627 35 Serious floods
  • 36. Recap http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/02/us-usa-weather-records-idUSBRE8611EL20120702 36 From June 25th - July 1st 2012 in US 2,171 US records broken or matched In June 2012 that number is 3,215
  • 37. Recap http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/ 37 Huge issues of ice loss in the arctic
  • 38. Recap http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/ 38 Lack of focus on emissions => increased emissions
  • 39. Recap http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2012/09/arctic-sea-ice-extent-settles-at-record-seasonal-minimum/ 39 Minimum was 760,000 square kilometers (293,000 square miles) below previous record minimum extent in the satellite record, which occurred on September 18, 2007. This is an area about the size of the state of Texas. 3.29 million square kilometers (1.27 million square miles) below the 1979 to 2000 average minimum, representing an area nearly twice the size of the state of Alaska 18% below 2007 and 49% below the 1979 to 2000 average
  • 40. Recap http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YegdEOSQotE 40 That’s not to mention the issue of arctic methane - what its effects will be are, as yet, unknown (but they won’t be good!)
  • 41. Cloud? Cloud computing’s emissions don’t directly cause all these issues. But they do play a significant part. 41
  • 42. Solution? Open Source 42 Here’s where we can help
  • 43. Solution? 43
  • 44. Solution? http://www.flickr.com/photos/viamoi/3465644425/ 44 Why not fork open source cloud platforms?
  • 45. Solution? http://www.flickr.com/photos/traftery/5369447689/ 45 Add in emissions metrics & reporting tools
  • 46. Solution? http://www.amee.com/products/ 46 Companies like AMEE already provide API’s for this kind of info
  • 47. Solution? http://www.flickr.com/photos/dixieroadrash/3769522479/ 47 Get the update accepted back into the core
  • 48. Solution? http://www.eucalyptus.com/about/customers 48 And thus distributed with next update
  • 49. Solution? http://www.cloudstack.org/users.html 49 And thus distributed with next update
  • 50. Solution? http://www.openstack.org/foundation/companies/ 50 And thus distributed with next update
  • 51. btw https://www.mastodonc.com/dashboard 51 The Mastodon C dashboard gives stats on emissions from various cloud providers - in case you’re interested in keeping your cloud emissions down. Lot of it is guestimated data - need real data.
  • 52. Conclusion Adding emissions metrics & reporting to cloud computing will help reduce emissions. Question is - is anyone up for it? 52
  • 53. Thanks! Contact information: Tom Raftery Principal Analyst, Energy & Sustainability, RedMonk Tom@redmonk.com, GreenMonk.net, Twitter.com/tomraftery +34 677 695 468 53