Java on zSystems zOS

2. © 2014 IBM Corporation222 IBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice at IBM’s sole discretion. Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchasing decision. The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract. The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion. IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of other IBM trademarks is available on the web at "Copyright and trademark information" at http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. WHILE EFFORTS WERE MADE TO VERIFY THE COMPLETENESS AND ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION, IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. IN ADDITION, THIS INFORMATION IS BASED ON IBM’S CURRENT PRODUCT PLANS AND STRATEGY, WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE BY IBM WITHOUT NOTICE. IBM SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF, OR OTHERWISE RELATED TO, THIS PRESENTATION OR ANY OTHER DOCUMENTATION. NOTHING CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS INTENDED TO, NOR SHALL HAVE THE EFFECT OF, CREATING ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS FROM IBM (OR ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS), OR ALTERING THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF ANY AGREEMENT OR LICENSE GOVERNING THE USE OF IBM PRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2011-2015. All rights reserved. Trademarks, Copyrights, Disclaimers

3. © 2014 IBM Corporation3 Agenda  A gentle introduction to IBM's Java SDK  IBM SDK for Java & IBM zEnterprise – designed together for world-leading performance  A peek under the covers at how we optimize Java code on z Systems  APIs and enhancements explicitly for z/OS integration  Developer tools to enhance productivity  References and further reading

4. © 2014 IBM Corporation IBM's approach to Java SE technology Reference Java Technology Oracle, open source, etc IBM Java IBM Runtime Technology Centre Quality Engineering Performance Security Reliability Scalability Serviceability Production Requirements IBM Software Group IBM eServer ISVs IBM Clients  World class service and support  Available on more platforms than any other vendor  Optimised for IBM middleware and customer scenarios  Deep integration with hardware and software innovation V a lu e -a d d e d p la tfo r m s O t h e r p l a t f o r m s J 9 V ir tu a l M a c h in e H o ts p o t V M C o r e lib r a r ie s X M L C r y p to C O R B A X 8 6 x 8 6 -6 4 P o w e r z A r c h L in u x A IX z O S W in d o w s L in u x L in u x x 8 6 -6 4 S p a r c P A -R I S C ia 6 4 S o la r is H P -U X A W T S w in g J a v a 2 d XML Crypto Corba “J9” Virtual machine

5. © 2014 IBM Corporation IBM invests in Java technology to make it ready for the most demanding business applications  Performance – Performance is key for all Java customers – IBM has decades of experience in performance engineering and cares deeply about creating high performance, scalable solutions – We leverage this experience and close relationships with hardware, operating system and middleware designers to drive best in class performance across our supported platforms  Security – IBM is a key contributor to Java and XML security standards – We offer FIPS certified JCE and JSSE providers and broad hardware crypto support  Reliability – Java is used in mission-critical applications – IBM has carefully redesigned the JVM, the engine at the heart of the Java runtime, for high reliability  Serviceability – In the event of failure, it is critical that problems can be found and isolated quickly – IBM focuses on trace and logging capabilities, first failure data capture, debugging and performance interfaces and tools to ensure rapid problem resolution  Scalability – Highly configurable runtimes for a variety of application profiles – Pluggable interfaces with different implementations to match target requirements – Class library independence, new technology available on appropriate specification APIs

6. © 2014 IBM Corporation 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 A Bit of History: Java SE 7.06.0 • Performance improvements • Improved UI • Client WebServices Support • Jconsole monitoring • Collection framework enhancements Java 6.0 • New Language features • Autoboxing • Enumerated types • Generics • Meta Data Java 5.0 • Improvements in • Start up performance • Throughput performance • New Balanced GC • New feature in serviceability tooling • Soft Realtime evaluation • Performance exploitation of POWER7 z196™ Exploitation OOO Pipeline 70+ New Instructions JZOS/Security Enhancements IBM Java 6.0.1 & 7.0 • Improved performance • Generational Garbage Collector • Shared classes support • New JIT technology • First Failure Data Capture • Configurable Trace • Full Speed Debug • Hot Code Replace • Common runtime technology • ME, SE, EE IBM Java 5.0 • Small language changes • Improved IO APIs (NIO2) • Invoke Dynamic • Concurrency framework Java 7.0 • Improvements in • Platform coverage • Performance • Serviceability tooling • New Functionality • IBM WebSphere Real- Time V1.0 z10 Exploitation DFP exploitation for BigDecimal Large Pages IBM Java 6.0 7.1 Standard Java Features • Lambdas • Date and time Type annotations • Profiles Java 8.0 Improvements in Performance GC technology zEC12 Exploitation Transactional execution Runtime Instrumentation Flash 1Meg pageable LPs 2G large pages Hints/traps Data Access Accelerator Cloud: Multi-tenancy/Virtualization IBM Java 7.1 Additional IBM Java Features 8.0 6 7 8 6.01 & 7.0 865 7.1

7. © 2014 IBM Corporation  IBM continues to offer quarterly service releases and APAR deliveries of Java 7, 6 and 5. ● Ensures security fixes will be delivered rapidly to the field across all platforms.  Key dates ● Java 5 ● GA 2005 ● went out of currency in September 2013. ● only receives customer and security fixes. ● goes out of service in September 2015 (zOS Sept 2013). ● Java 6 ● GA 2007 ● will go out of currency in September 2015 ● receives platform & OS updates, as well as customer and security fixes. ● goes out of service in September 2017 (zOS to be announced) ● Java 7 ● GA 7.0 2011, GA 7.1 2013 ● will go out of currency in September 2017 ● receives enhancements, platform & OS updates, as well as customer and security fixes. ● goes out of service in September 2019 (zOS to be announced) ● Java 8 • GA February 2015 • Receives enhancements, platform & OS updates, as well as customer and security fixes. ref: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/lifecycle/ IBM Java Service Schedule

9. © 2014 IBM Corporation9 zEC12 – New Hardware Enhancements for the IBM Java Runtime Strong investment in Java on Z Significant set of new hardware features tailored and co-designed with Java Hardware Transaction Memory (HTM) Better concurrency for multi-threaded applications eg. ~2X improvement to ConcurrentLinkedQueue Run-time Instrumentation (RI) Innovative new hardware facility designed for managed runtimes Enables new expanse of JRE optimizations 2GB page frames Improved performance targeting 64-bit Java heaps Pageable 1MB large pages using flash Better versatility of managing memory New software hints/directives Data usage intent improves cache management Branch pre-load improves branch prediction New trap instructions Reduce over-head of implicit bounds/null checks New 5.5 GHz 6-Core Processor Chip Large caches to optimize data serving Second generation OOO design Up-to 60% improvement in throughput amongst Java workloads measured with zEC12 and Java7SR3Engineered Together—IBM Java and zEC12 Boost Workload Performance http://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/trends/whatsnew/java_compiler/

10. © 2014 IBM Corporation10 IBM z13 and IBM Java 8 – designed together Continued aggressive investment in Java on Z Significant set of new hardware features tailored and co-designed with Java Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) – 2x hardware threads/core for improved throughput – Available on Integrated Information Processor (zIIP), and Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) – Vector processing unit – Accelerates loops and string operations Cryptographic Function (CPACF) – Transparently accelerate IBMJCE security provider – Block ciphering, Secure Hashing and Public Key Cryptography New Instructions Up to 2X improvement in throughput per core for security enabled applications Up to 50% improvement for generic applications No application code changes!

11. 2 IBM Java 8 – (available March 6th, 2015**) IBM SDK for z/OS, Java Tech. Edition, Version 8 New Java8 Language Features • Lambdas, virtual extension methods IBM z13 exploitation • Vector exploitation and other new instructions • Instruction scheduling General throughput improvements • Up-to 17% better application throughput • Significant improvements to ORB Improved crypto performance for IBMJCE • Block ciphering, secure hashing and public key • Up-to 4x improvement to Public Key using ECC • CPACF instructions: AES, 3DES, SHA1, SHA2, etc Significantly improved application ramp-up • Up-to 50% less CPU to ramp-up to steady-state • Improved perf of ahead-of-time compiled code Improved Monitoring • JMX beans for precise CPU-time monitoring Enhancements to JZOS Toolkit for Java batch ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems ** www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS215-004#

13. © 2014 IBM Corporation1 Java Runtime Compilation : trade off effort and benefit  The VM searches the JAR, loads and verifies bytecodes to internal representation, runs bytecode form directly  After many invocations (or via sampling) code gets compiled at ‘cold’ or ‘warm’ level  An internal, low overhead sampling thread is used to identify frequently used methods  Methods may get recompiled at ‘hot’ or ‘scorching’ levels (for more optimizations)  Transition to ‘scorching’ goes through a temporary profiling step cold hot scorching profiling interpreter warm Results can be stored for future runs and shared across invocations Xshareclasses Java's intermediate bytecodes are compiled as required and based on runtime profiling - code is compiled 'just in time' as required - dynamic compilation can determine the target machine capabilities and app's demands

14. © 2014 IBM Corporation2 2 Example Optimization level Code Size (bytes) Compilation Time (ms) Wall clock runtime (ms) Cold 139 2.2 31,685 Warm 265 4.9 10,078 Hot 436 8.9 7,765 Profiling 1,322 9.0 n/a Scorching 578 11.0 6,187 public static int x = 55; public static int compute(int i, int j, int[] a, int count) { int k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { k = k + j + a[i] + (x * foo()); } return k; } public static int foo() { return 75; } Xjit:count=<n>, exclude={<method>}, limitFile=(<filename>, <m>, <n>), optlevel=[ noOpt | cold | warm | hot | veryHot | scorching ], verbose[={compileStart| compileEnd}], vlog=<filename>

15. IBM z13: SMT – Simultaneous Multi -Threading SMT permits multiple independent threads to execute on a single core concurrently • Achieve more effectively utilization of processor resources z13 SMT allows 2 threads-per-core to deliver better overall throughput for multiple concurrent workloads • Increases effective zIIP/IFL capacity • Doubles number of eligible threads Threads share resources – may impact single thread perf • Pipeline (eg. physical registers, fxu, fpu, lsu etc) • Cache Throughput improvement is workload dependent Two zIIP lanes handle more traffic overall 4ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems

16. IBM z13: Vector Processing SIMD – Single Instruction Multiple Data Operate on multiple data-elements (vectors) simultaneously • Can offer dramatic speed-up to data-parallel operations (matrix ops, string processing, etc) 5ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems Vector registers are 128-bits wide and can be used to operate concurrently on: • Two 64-bit floating point values • Four 32-bit floating point values • Sixteen 8-bit characters • Two 64-bit integer values • etc

17. 6 Acceleration using SIMD with IBM Java 8 and z13 IBM z13 running Java 8 on z/OS Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) vector engine exploitation java.lang.String exploitation - compareTo - compareToIgnoreCase - contains - contentEquals - equals - indexOf - lastIndexOf - regionMatches - toLowerCase - toUpperCase - getBytes java.util.Arrays - equals (primitive types) String encoding converters For ISO8859-1, ASCII, UTF8, and UTF16 - encode (char2byte) - decode (byte2har) Auto-SIMD - Simple loops (eg. Matrix multiplication) Primitive operations are between 1.6x and 60x faster with IBM Java8 (Controlled measurement environment, results may vary) ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems

18. © 2014 IBM Corporation15 Data Access Accelerator (DAA) – in a nutshell Data-centric tasks such as big data, analytics and inter-language communication require optimal performance for accessing and operating on native format data records and types from Java. Prefer to avoid object creation, data copying, abstraction, boxing etc DAA provides a Java library for bare-bones data conversion, arithmetic etc. Provides native-oriented operations directly on Java byte arrays Orchestrated with JIT for deep platform optimization ➔ No intermediate Java objects created when recognized by the IBM JIT ➔ Avoid expensive Java object instantiation by allowing in-place operations Benefits: Expose hardware acceleration in a platform and JVM-neutral manner (2 – 100x speed-up) Can provide significant speed-up to record parsing frameworks Can provide significant speed-up for data marshalling and inter-language communication

19. © 2014 IBM Corporation16 Data Access Accelerator – example Problem: there is no intrinsic representation of a “packed decimal” in Java Solution: trivially add two packed decimals by converting to BigDecimal: Step 1: convert from byte[] to BigDecimal Step 2 : add BigDecimals together Step 3: convert BigDecimal result back to byte[] ● IBM Java provides a helper method to do this operation for you: Old Approach: byte[] addPacked(byte[] a, byte[] b) { BigDecimal a_bd = convertPackedToBd(a[]); BigDecimal b_bd = convertPackedToBd(b[]); a_bd.add(b_bd); return (convertBDtoPacked(a_bd)); } BigDecimal convertPackedToBd(byte[] myBytes) { … ~30 lines … } New Approach: byte[] addPacked(byte[] a, byte[] b) { DAA.addPacked(a[], b[]); return (a[]); } e.g. you wish to add two packed decimal numbers p.s. zSeries hardware has packed decimal machine instructions, e.g. AP (AddPacked) On IBM Java 7 Release 1, “DAA.addPacked(a,b)” is compiled to this one instruction!

20. © 2014 IBM Corporation z/OS Java Crypto Software Stack CPACF or PCIe Card Application Layer Java Layer Crypto Enablement Middleware Layer Hardware Layer PKCS11Impl IBMJCECCA z/OS PKCS CertPath JNI Layer PKCS11 CCA z/OS General Purpose CP or IFA (zAAP or zIIP) Java Program z/OS SW Crypto ICSF RACF z/OS Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Host Operating System IBMJCEIBMJSSE2 20

21. © 2014 IBM Corporation zEnterprise Data Compression (zEDC) What is it?  zEDC Express is an IO adapter that does high performance industry standard compression  Used by z/OS Operating System components, IBM Middleware and ISV products  Applications can use zEDC via industry standard APIs (zlib and Java)  Each zEDC Express sharable across 15 LPARs, up to 8 devices per CEC.  Raw throughput up to 1 GB/s per zEDC Express Hardware Adapter Available from IBM Java 7R1 : Java applications compress files using java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream class Up to 91% reduction in CPU time using zEDC hardware versus zlib software Up to 74% reduction in Elapsed time (not shown) Compression ratio up-to ~5x

23. 7 z/OS WAS 8.5.5.5 – SSL-Enabled DayTrader 3.0 2.6x improvement in throughput with IBM Java 8 and IBM z13 (Controlled measurement environment, results may vary) ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems

24. 88 Mobile on z – z/OS Connect on IBM Java 8 and zEC12 (Controlled measurement environment, results may vary) 5 - 16.4% throughput improvement from IBM Java 8 and IBM zEC12 ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems

25. 9 IBM Business Rules Processing with IBM Java 8 and z13 Aggregate 2.1x improvement from IBM Java 8 and IBM z13 (Controlled measurement environment, results may vary) ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems

26. 10 Java Store, Inventory and Point-of-Sale App with IBM Java 8 and z13 1.9x improvement in throughput with IBM Java 8 and IBM z13 (Controlled measurement environment, results may vary) ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems

28. © 2014 IBM Corporation21 z/OS – System z Java Extensions IBM Java SDK provides deep integration with z/OS capabilities Access to z/OS services Access to all types of data Access under control of z/OS security mechanisms Integration into existing operational infrastructureSDK z/OS Extensions SDK Base Function e.g. JAAS wrapper of SAF (RACF, ACF2, or TopSecret), Traditional OS dataset access, Cryptographic hardware (Cards and CPACF), z/OS Console (modify and messages), z/OS system logger, JES job submission, DFSORT, SMF, etc. Fully supported library extensions reduce the need to drop outside the Java environment to exploit native Z platform capabilities

29. © 2014 IBM Corporation22 Java powered environments and Interoperability  IBM Java Based Offerings – Transactional/Interactive • WebSphere for z/OS (WAS z/OS) • WebSphere Process Server for z/OS (WPS) • JCICS • IMS Java • DB2 Stored Procedures – Batch oriented • WebSphere Compute Grid (WAS-CG) • WAS/JEE runtime extensions • IMS Java Batch regions (JMP) • JZOS component of z/OS SDK • JES/JSE-based environment • z/OS V1R13 Java/COBOL Batch Runtime Env.* • JES/JSE-based, designed to inter-op with DB2 while maintaining transaction integrity  Open Source or non-IBM vendor Application Server and Frameworks – Tomcat, JBoss – iBatis, Hibernate, Spring – Ant  IBM Java drives a broad range of pre-existing assets, artifacts, processes, core competencies and platform strengths  COBOL/Native Interoperability – COBOL Invoke maps to JNI – RDz and JZOS** have tooling to map COBOL copy books to Java classes – JCICS – IMS Java, JMP/JBP – WAS CG, WOLA – etc * See http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS211-252 ** Alphaworks only, and hence currently un-supported

31. © 2014 IBM Corporation Runtime Monitoring and Management Tools Tools and documentation for application monitoring and problem diagnosis.  Free unified suite of tools to understand different aspects of Java applications.  Lightweight, low performance overhead monitoring and diagnostics.  Provide more than visualizations – also provide observations and recommendations. Tools in the IBM Monitoring and Diagnostic Tools Portfolio: For More Information Visit: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/tools/index.html Interactive Diagnostic Data Explorer Garbage Collection and Memory Visualizer Memory Analyser Health Centre

34. © 2014 IBM Corporation Customer experiences  Fiducia IT AG  Manage more than 69 million accounts at cooperative banks  17.1m current accounts  8.7m online accounts  3.8bn bookkeeping entries  Processing of 18.3bn host transactions  Peak volume on 2.1.2012  103m host transactions/day  4,200 host transactions/sec.  Moving business logic into Java  Main program was Cobol, so MPRs must be used  Adopted IBM Java SE with JVM resident in the MPR  Inter Language Communication (ILC) between Cobol and Java & Java calls Cobol (cascading)  Java, Cobol runs within the same transaction (UOW) with database support for:  DB2 from cobol and Java  DL1 and MQ access from Java in a later step

36. © 2014 IBM Corporation Customer experiences  Health Care Service Corporation – Large US health insurance company  Migrating from WAS on z/OS V7.0 to V8.5.5.x using Java V6.0.1 can result in up to 30% CPU saving, depending on what functionally your Application is using  Applications with small Heap size may benefit running in 31 bit mode  Take advantage on Pageable Large Page Support and Flash Express – we saw 4.4% CPU reduction  Tune your JVMs for optimum performance – we saw over 10% CPU reduction with proper tuning  Upgrade to WAS on z/OS V8.5.5.2 or higher and take advantage of Java V7.1 – we observed 20% throughput improvement and 10-12% CPU reduction  Analyze your GC performance with PMAT or GCMV and watch out for Java OOM conditions, that can increase CPU usage considerably, due to excessive GC overhead

37. © 2014 IBM Corporation3030 New and existing supported Java products – z/OS  IBM 31-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 8 – Web available on March 6, 2015 – Product 5655-DGG, supported on z/OS V1.13 and above  IBM 64-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 8 – Web available on March 6, 2015 – Product 5655-DGH, supported on z/OS V1.13 and above  Earlier Deliveries – IBM 31-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 7 Release 1 • Web available on July 8, 2014 • Product 5655-W43, supported on z/OS V1.12 and above – IBM 64-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 7.0 • Web available on July 8, 2014 • Product 5655-W44, supported on z/OS V1.12 and above – IBM 31-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 6.0.1 • Web available on March 15, 2011 at Java SE 6 level • Product 5655-R31, supported on z/OS V1.10 and above – IBM 64-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 6.0.1 • Web available on March 15, 2011 at Java SE 6 level • Product 5655-R32, supported on z/OS V1.10 and above – IBM 31-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 6.0.0 • Web available on December 14, 2007 at Java SE 6 level • Product 5655-R31 – IBM 64-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 6.0.0 • Web available on December 14, 2007 at Java SE 6 level • Product 5655-R32  All products are delivered via the z/OS Java website in non-SMP/E format, and via ShopIBM in SMP/E format  All products are independently orderable and serviceable and follow the z/OS RFA rules for Withdrawal from Marketing and End of Service

38. © 2014 IBM Corporation3131 Important references  z/OS Java web site – http://www.ibm.com/systems/z/os/zos/tools/java/  IBM SDK Java Technology Edition Version 7 Information Center – http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/java7sdk/v7r0/index.jsp  IBM SDK Java Technology Edition Version 6 Supplement – http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/zsl03118usen/ZSL03118USEN.PDF  JZOS Batch Launcher and Toolkit Installation and User’s Guide (SA38-0696-00) – For JZOS function included in IBM Java SE 7 SDKs for z/OS – http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/ajvc0110.pdf  JZOS Batch Launcher and Toolkit Installation and User’s Guide (SA23-2245-03) – For JZOS function included in IBM Java SE 6 and SE 5 SDKs for z/OS – http://publibfi.boulder.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/ajvc0103.pdf

Java on zSystems zOS

Tim Ellison

Java on zSystems zOS