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HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS & MAJOR ORGANS Introduction to the Human Body PREPARED BY: KRISTY A BENNETT. SOME RIGHTS RESERVED.R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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INTRODUCTION  Role as Trainer  Materials  Handouts  Always ask approach  Confused  Meaning of words / terminology  How it relates  Outcomes  Identify organ systems  Name a major organ from eachPREPARED BY: KRISTY A BENNETT.S O ME R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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ORGAN SYSTEMS OVERVIEW  Levels of organisation  Organ system level  Atoms  Group of organs that have close  Molecules interactions.  Interact with other systems also.  Cells  Tissue  Organ  Something that affects a  Organ System system will ultimately affect  Organism each of the systems components.  There are 11 interdependent, interconnected organ systems.R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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HOMEOSTASIS  Homeo – unchanging  Statis – standing  “The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment within a dynamic state of equilibrium.”  Internal conditions change/vary (oscilate) within narrow limits.  Two mechanisms  Autoregulation – when a tissue, organ or organ system responds automatically  Extrinsic regulation – when response results from the action of one of the two organ systems that control or adjust the function of many other systems simultaneouslyR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM  Major Organs  Functions  Skin  Protects against environmental  Hair hazards  Helps regulate body  Sweat glands temperature  Nails  Provides sensory informationR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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SKELETAL SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Bones  Provides support and protection  Cartilages for other tissues  Stores calcium and other  Associated ligaments minerals  Bone marrow  Forms blood cellsR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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MUSCULAR SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Skeletal muscles  Provides movement  Associated tendons  Provides protection and support for other tissues  Generates heat that maintains body temperatureR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Teeth  Processes and digests food  Tongue  Absorbs and conserves water  Pharynx  Absorbs nutrients (ions, water,  Esophagus and the breakdown products of dietary sugars, protiens and  Stomach fats)  Small instestine  Stores energy reserves  Large intestine  Liver  Gall bladder  PancreasR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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URINARY SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Kidneys  Excretes waste products from  Ureters the blood  Controls water balance by  Urinary bladder regulating volume of urine  Urethra producted  Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination  Regulates blood ion concentrations and pHR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Nasal cavities  Delivers air to alveoli (sites in  Sinuses lungs where gas exchange occurs)  Larynx  Provides oxygen to blood  Trachea stream  Bronchi  Removes carbon dioxide from  Lungs blood stream  Alveoli  Produces sounds for communicationR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Heart  Distributes blood cells, water  Blood and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste  Blood vessels products, oxygen, and carbon  Arteries dioxide  Veins  Distributes heat and assists in  capillaries control of body temperatureR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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LYMPHOID SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Spleen  Defends against infection and  Thymus disease  Returns tissue fluids to the  Lymphatic vessels blood stream  Lymph nodes  TonsilsR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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NERVOUS SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Brain  Directs immediate responses to  Spinal cord stimuli  Coordinates or moderates  Peripheral nerves activities of other organ systems  Sense organs  Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditionsR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM  Major Organs  Function  Pituitary gland  Directs long term changes in the  Thyroid gland activities of other organ systems  Adjusts metabolic activity and  Pancreas energy use by the body  Suprarenal glands  Controls many structural and  Gonads (testes and ovaries) functional changes during  Endocrine tissue in other development systemsR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - MALE  Major Organs  Function  Testes  Produces male sex cells  Epididymis (sperm), suspending fluids and hormones  Ductus deferens  Sexual intercourse  Seminal vesicles  Prostate gland  Penis  ScrotumR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - FEMALE  Major Organs  Function  Ovaries  Produces female sex cells  Uterine tubes (oocytes) and hormones  Supports developing embryo  Uterus from conception to delivery  Vagina  Provides milk to nourish  Labia newborn infant  Clitoris  Sexual intercourse  Mammary glandsR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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TEAM BASED EXERCISE  How well do you know the human body?  Where would someone complain of pain if they:  ruptured their kidney,  had an inflamed appendix, or  bronchitis?  See how you go!R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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TEAM BASED EXERCISE  Lungs  Thoracic Spine (12)  3 lobe and 2 lobe  Lumbar Spine (7)  Heart  Large Intestine  Diaphragm  Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid  Kidneys  Stomach  Liver  Appendix  Pancreas  Bronchus  Trachea  Aorta  Vena Cava  BladderR E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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EXERCISE REVIEW  How did you go?  Were they in the correct location?  How would you describe each location in hand over?R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

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QUESTIONS?  Any questions for me?  Questions for you  What is the holistic purpose of organ systems?  What is homeostasis?  What are the organ systems and what is one major organ of each?  Feedback  One thing you have learnt tonight is…  Something you enjoyed is…  General sense of the evening was…R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M YAND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSONEDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.