The document summarizes Barcelona's new bus network plan which aims to make the network easier to understand, more connected, and more efficient without additional resources. The key aspects of the plan include implementing a grid of 17 orthogonal and diagonal routes with frequent 5-8 minute service, and redesigning the network around interchange areas. The plan is being implemented in phases, with 13 routes launched over the first 3 phases from 2012-2014. Early assessments found the new network reduced average travel times and increased ridership compared to the previous network design.
1. Barcelona’s New Bus Network
Josep Mension
Director Central Services &
Deputy Chief Officer of TMB Bus Network
Rethinking Bus Network Design & Operation
CIVITAS Study Tour,
Nantes, 24th February 2015
0
2. Contents
1
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchange Areas
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
3. Background
2
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchange Areas
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
5. Background
4
Dimension of TMB Bus division:
• 650,000 trips/weekday
• 200 million trips/year
• 1,165 buses
• 4 depots
• More than 4,000 employees
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
6. Background
5
The former BCN Bus network was highly-valued, but:
1. Good links only from the city centre to the outskirts
2. Too many redundant routes, which leads to a less efficient system
3. The only way to increase patronage is adding more resources
4. No significant changes -concerning its layout- have been made since the establishment of
an Integrated Fare System in the BCN Met Region (2001)
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
7. The Goals
6
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchange Areas
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
8. The Goals
7
For the Citizens
Easier to understand
More Connectivity (Effectiveness)
Without more resources (Efficiency)
New Bus Network
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
A Project of a new Network…
9. The New Bus Network
8
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchange Areas
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
10. The New Bus Network
9
• Horizontal & Vertical Routes
• Diagonal Routes
• Urban Routes
• Interurban Routes
• Local Bus of the Neighbourhood
• Feeder routes
• ORTHOGONAL & DIAGONAL
GRID NETWORK
• CONVENTIONAL RADIAL
NETWORK
• LOCAL & FEEDER NETWORK
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
11. The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
10
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchange Areas
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
12. 11
The new Orthogonal & Diagonal Grid Network: a hybrid
model, based on:
1. The Orthogonal Route Model
2. The “RetBus” Model
+
1 2
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
13. 12
1.- The Orthogonal Route Model
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• Is an isotropic route model (same features all around).
• Is a shape-demand model. It defines one corridor next
to the other without taking into account the demand,
which is expected to be reorganized and to be
readapted to the new routes.
• 4-minute headway on every corridor.
• Average distance between stops: 400 m.
• Instant implementation: from one day to the next.
• Priority measures: more bus lane stretches.
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
14. 13
1.- The Orthogonal Route Model
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
15. 14
2.- The “RetBus” Model
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
Basic configuration of the hybrid network and variables
Grid hub & spokes
Complete Semi-alternate Alternate
Model
b
B
a A
S
Methodology
Supply Analysis
Se ng up the model:
hub (grid) & spoke
(next slide)
Op miza on
Min {Z(a, s, H)} → ac*, sc*, Hc*
Demand Analysis
Hybrid network “serve demand”;
op mized parameters: a*, s*, H*
Z, Func on sum of user & operator costs
• a=(a/A), size of central grid
• s, distance between stops
• H, headway
Sensi vity analysis
s
H
a
• A group of 12 high level of service routes that follow a
hybrid hub (grid) & spokes model.
• It’s a serve-demand model
• Different headways are set: 3-minute HW in the grid
zone and 6-minute HW in the antennas.
• Different average between stops: 430 m in the city
centre and 650 m in the outskirts.
• Diverse priority measures on each corridor: signal
priority, new bus lane stretches, etc.
• Gradual implementation.
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
16. 15
2.- The “RetBus” Model
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
Basic configuration of the hybrid network and variables
Grid hub & spokes
Complete Semi-alternate Alternate
Model
b
B
a A
S
Methodology
Supply Analysis
Se ng up the model:
hub (grid) & spoke
(next slide)
Op miza on
Min {Z(a, s, H)} → ac*, sc*, Hc*
Demand Analysis
Hybrid network “serve demand”;
op mized parameters: a*, s*, H*
Z, Func on sum of user & operator costs
• a=(a/A), size of central grid
• s, distance between stops
• H, headway
Sensi vity analysis
s
H
a
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
17. 16
Main features:
1. Maximum connectivity (from one end to the other of the
city, with no antennas).
2. Serve-demand oriented route system.
3. High & very high frequency routes (5 – 8 min) from 7:00 am
to 9:00 pm.
4. 1! Route per corridor.
5. Average distance between stops: 400 m.
6. 90% of journeys can be made with 0-1 transfers.
7. Gradual implementation (4-5 routes every year)
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
18. 17
Main benefits:
1. Easier to Understand
2. Maximum Connectivity
3. More Frequent Buses: 5 - 8 min HW
4. A wider span: from 7:00 am to 9:00 pm
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
19. The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
18
The17+8+3orthogonalanddiagonalroutes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
20. The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
19
The17sea-mountainroutes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
#1 ÷ #17
21. The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
20
The8parallel-to-the-searoutes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
#1
÷
#8
22. The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
21
The3diagonalroutes
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
#2
#1
#3
23. 22
The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
Nomenclature:
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
V+ Odd number
H+ Even number
D + 20, 30 or 40
24. The Assessment of the Model
23
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchange Areas
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
25. The Assessment of the Model
24
Output0
Yes
No
Assessment
Optimized model
Average traveling time new model <
Average traveling time current model
Amount of affected passengers ≤ V0
Scientific predesign:
Hybrid Model
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
26. The Interchange Areas
25
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchange Areas
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
27. The Interchange Areas
26
Axes are 3 blocks apart from each other
Other cases
Ideal interchange Areas:
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
30. Implementing Phases 1, 2 & 3
29
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchangers
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
31. Implementing Phases 1, 2 & 3
30
Total Routes Phases 1, 2 & 3: 13/28 (46%)
Routes Still Pending: 15/28 (54%)
2012
2013
2014
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
33. The 1st Phase
32Barcelona’s New Bus Network
H6
Route H8: Z. Universitària –
Fabra i Puig
• Route of reference: 74
• Length: 19.3 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
34. The 1st Phase
33Barcelona’s New Bus Network
H12
Route H12: Gornal – Besòs
Verneda
• Route of reference: 56
• Length: 22.6 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
35. The 1st Phase
34Barcelona’s New Bus Network
Route V7: Pl. Espanya –
Sarrià
• Route of reference: 30
• Length: 22.6 km
• Fleet: standard buses
V7
36. The 1st Phase
35Barcelona’s New Bus Network
Route V21: Pg. Marítim –
Montbau
• Route of reference: 10
• Length: 18.9 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
V21
37. The 1st Phase
36Barcelona’s New Bus Network
Route D20: Pg. Marítim
– Ernest Lluch
• Routes of reference: 57 & 157
• Length: 18.5 km
• Fleet: standard buses
D20
40. The 1st Phase
39ITS & Smart Mobility a Catalunya 2015
• Two screens: RTI & service info, with digital ink
• Static information
• Solar panel: it can be located anywere
TheEnhancedpoles,PSI
42. The 1st Phase
41
Therollingstock
CNG Standard bus
CNG Articulated bus
Hybrid Biarticulated bus (2013)
Friendly environmentally fleet:
CNG
Hybrid
Diesel Euro V
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
49. The 2nd Phase
48Barcelona’s New Bus Network
H8
Route H8: Camp Nou
– La Maquinista
• Route of reference: 15
• Length: 25.7 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
50. 49Barcelona’s New Bus Network
H10
The 2nd Phase
Route H10: Badal – Olímpic
de Badalona
• Routes of reference: 43 & 44
• Length: 26.3 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
51. The 2nd Phase
50Barcelona’s New Bus Network
H16
Route H16: Paral·lel - Fòrum • Routes of reference: 14, 36 & 41
• Length: 14.3 km
• Fleet: standard buses
53. The 2nd Phase
52Barcelona’s New Bus Network
V3
Route V3: Z. Franca –
Can Caralleu
• Route of reference: 72
• Length: 17.3 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
54. The 2nd Phase
53Barcelona’s New Bus Network
Route V17: Port Vell - Carmel
V17
• Route of reference: 28
• Length: 17.4 km
• Fleet: standard buses
65. The 3rd Phase
64Barcelona’s New Bus Network
• Routes of reference: 16 & 17
• Length: 20.4 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
V15
Route V15:
Barceloneta – Vall
d’Hebron
66. The 3rd Phase
65Barcelona’s New Bus Network
• Route of reference: 71
• Length: 22.1 km
• Fleet: standard buses
V27
Route V27: Pg. Marítim –
Canyelles
67. The 3rd Phase
66Barcelona’s New Bus Network
• Routes of reference: H16 & 141
• Length: 19.4 km
• Fleet: standard buses
H14
Route H14: Paral·lel –
Sant Adrià
68. The 3rd Phase
67Barcelona’s New Bus Network
• Routes of reference: 9, 41 & 141
• Length: 24.2 km
• Fleet: articulated buses
H16
Route H16: Pg. Z. Franca –
Fòrum
70. The 3rd Phase
69Barcelona’s New Bus Network
Tactile screens, with access to diverse App, Wi-Fi, RTI, Static info; double (8m) & single (4m)
The smart shelters
75. Final Comments & Some Figures
74
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchangers
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network
76. Final Comments & Some Figures
75Barcelona’s New Bus Network
• Bus services:
• 13/28 HLS routes already implanted
• 2 new conventional routes created
• 15 restructured routes
• 16 conventional routes cancelled
• Buses of new routes are more frequent and run from 7:00 am to 9:00 pm
with their better headways (rush hour HWs)
• Ridership:
• An average of 225,000 trips/weekday (≈35% of the over all network)
• Horizontal routes: more than 20,000 trips/weekday
• Vertical routes: from 12,000 to 18,000 trips/weekday
• New signposting for the Interchange areas
77. Final Comments & Some Figures
76Barcelona’s New Bus Network
• Bus priority:
• Signal priority:
• Macro (green wave based)
• Micro (extension of green)
• About 400 bus stop improvements:
• New double bus stops
• RTI panels at main bus stops (including interchange areas)
• Enhanced poles with RTI
• Smart shelters
• 20% increase of length of bus lanes: currently more than 150 km in
Barcelona
• More info: https://www.novaxarxabus.bcn.cat
78. Next Steps
77
• Background
• The Goals
• The New Bus Network
• The Orthogonal & Diagonal Routes
• The Assessment of the Model
• The Interchangers
• Implementing First Phases: 1, 2 & 3
• Final Comments & Some Figures
• Next Steps
Barcelona’s New Bus Network