London Climate Action Week - Decarbonising our housing stock
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The Housing Forum’s Innovation Forum, supported by the Mayor of London and part of the London Climate Action Week; the session took place on 5th July 2019 and focused on decarbonising the UK’s housing stock. Download our slides
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London Climate Action Week - Decarbonising our housing stock
- 2. 240,000 bills sent annually Serving 70,000 customers Processing £16 million in payments 500 schemes 110 energy centres 38,000 PAYG customers 40 engineers 153 employees Over 35 years’ experience
- 3. What's it all about? 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 7.45% EU share of heating and cooling from renewable sources Source: Eurostat: Energy for heating / cooling from renewable sources
- 4. What does decarbonisation mean for housing? The heating and the climate What are the options for heating homes cleanly? Heat networks The transition from gas: 2025 no new connections
- 5. Customer perception of heat Most customers do not associate heat with CO2 emissions and pollution (NOx)
- 6. Emotion and moral obligation Poor explanations to stakeholders War footing on global warming
- 7. We've cleaned up heating before District heating helps to deliver heat cleanly to high dense areas Coal distributed by cart across towns and cities Smog (from coal fires) causes serious health issues The new evil is now CO2 and NOx
- 8. Big changes to how we heat our buildings No new gas boilers installed after 2025 “We will introduce a Future Homes Standard, mandating the end of fossil fuel heating systems in all new houses from 2025.” – Philip Hammond
- 9. Heat networks 18% of Heat from heat networks by 2050 That’s could be over 5 million homes! Currently we think that (2%) 540K of homes are using heat networks
- 10. How do we retrofit older gas houses? Sheffield case study • Converted tower blocks to become heat networks • 150 buildings had boilers removed to connect to ERF with sub stations. Looking abroad: Netherlands District heating = high density areas Electricity pumps = less dense areas Connecting old housing stock to district heating. Can it be done? Q It can – but on scale! A
- 11. Terraced housing Over 25% properties terraced housing Space for heat pumps is limited Unable to external clad Often near DH pipes running down main roads
- 12. What about the rest? 18% Heat networks The rest Heat Pumps (water, ground), Hydrogen? Biomethane? Not including commercial and industrial buildings
- 13. Underground mains Connected buildings Heat networks: Low carbon? Gas Biomass Waste to energy Heat pumps
- 14. The spotlight is on heat networks Scotland London Core Cities Target: 2050 zero carbon emissions
- 15. Making a success of heat networks Focused on the customer What is the message to the customer?
- 16. The user journey Welcome letter Heat sale agreement Engagement Tenant meetings Energy centre visits Customer services Portals PAYG Accurate and timely bills Social media Payment options Surveys PRE-MOVE IN/ RETROFIT ON-BOARDING RELATIONSHIP BUILDING Displays Welcome pack CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE Equipment demos Events Welcome letter Demonstrations One-to- one meetings
- 17. Engineers Website/app Customer relations Customer satisfaction (6 monthly surveys carried out by an independent organisation) 91% call handler was polite and courteous 92% overall professionalism of call handler 90% customers feel welcome 90% it included all options expected 97% it was easy to use 97% Engineer turned up at the expected time 97% they were clean and presentable 100% left the area clean and tidy IntrotoSwitch2
- 18. Controls and metering: The role of controls Customer expectations changing Customer expectations changing Customer expectations changing Demand management
- 19. Heat and health: Monitoring with metering 25,000 excess deaths in winter relating to cold temperatures & living in cold homes 2.55 million living in fuel poverty 11.1% of households
- 20. What do you think? Open windows in winter: A symptom of flat rate charging for heat? Reduces CO2 emissions Addresses fuel poverty through behavioural change Reduces consumption Why is customer metering important?
- 21. Case study: Sheffield City Council One of the Largest operators of community heating in the UKLeaders and advocators in Community heating Previous comparison of gas consumption flat rate circular charge to PAYG 4,800 on communal heating operated by SCC (flat rate charged) 1,000 connected to the district network Efficiency improvement using metering across the schemes 11,000 kWh (flat rate) 4,100 kWh (PAYG)
- 22. Innovation and ambition for heat networks
- 23. How could we support? Heat as a service? Tariffs and allowances for health Minimum temperature Prescribe?
- 24. Heat as a service Level of comfort Hours of comfort Bundles Fair usage tariffs
- 25. What can we monitor via a metering system? Customer expectations changing Temperature Humidity CO2 Presence Consumption
- 26. Central controls
- 27. BEMs Building Energy Management Systems (BEMs) monitor and control services such as heating, ventilation and air-conditioning, ensuring the building operates at maximum levels of efficiency and removing wasted energy usage associated costs.
Editor's Notes
- Data source: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?query=BOOKMARK_DS-1032380_QID_-16E967C7_UID_-3F171EB0&layout=TIME,C,X,0;GEO,L,Y,0;NRG_BAL,L,Z,0;UNIT,L,Z,1;INDICATORS,C,Z,2;&zSelection=DS-1032380UNIT,PC;DS-1032380NRG_BAL,REN_HEAT_CL;DS-1032380INDICATORS,OBS_FLAG;&rankName1=UNIT_1_2_-1_2&rankName2=NRG-BAL_1_2_-1_2&rankName3=INDICATORS_1_2_-1_2&rankName4=TIME_1_0_0_0&rankName5=GEO_1_2_0_1&sortC=ASC_-1_FIRST&rStp=&cStp=&rDCh=&cDCh=&rDM=true&cDM=true&footnes=false&empty=false&wai=false&time_mode=ROLLING&time_most_recent=false&lang=EN&cfo=%23%23%23%2C%23%23%23.%23%23%23 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20190304-1 All heating and cooling has to be zero carbon. How is this go
- Contrary to perceived perception, the UK have been building district heat networks for many years. Heat networks were initially a solution to delivering heat from coal cleanly. However, in the UK we stopped doing HN when we found North Sea Gas and the coal industry was run down. Most other European states installed DH rather than gas networks, probably the only exception being the Netherlands (who are currently converting their gas networks to DH and heat pumps) But of course the pollution from coal is no longer the problem – it is now pollution from Gas fired boilers emitting CO2 and NOX which is the focus of decarbonisation and clean air in cities. The Government now sees HN as one of the main contenders for decarbonising the heat in the UK
- How many do not use gas? Most are currently fired by using gas Need to move to fossil free fuels
- It’s predicted that 43% of UK heat demand could be supplied by heat networks by 2050. Therefore the past 5-10 years we have seen significant shift in regulation and best practice initiatives take place. HN Reg’s Which? Heat Trust CIPSE COP CP1 In 2017, the Core City and Combined Authority released a report supporting Core Cities to explore heat network opportunities: The Competition and markets authority (CMA) launched their market study into heat networks in 2017 – and in 2018 released a report detailing regulation that they think should be introduced to protect customers; building upon the regulation already imposed for metering and billing. Pace of change is increasing.
- We continue to see the joining up the energy and health sectors as an important priority to help tackle fuel poverty. Living in a cold home is damaging to health and wellbeing. The NHS England Cold Weather Plan for England states that there is strong evidence that some of the 25,000 excess winter deaths in England are related to cold temperatures and living in cold homes. The number of households in fuel poverty in England was estimated at 2.55 million, representing approximately 11.1% of all English households. This is an increase from 2.50 million households. [CFP 2016]
- So, again looking at final customer metering – you can see that there is now legislation that requires final customer metering and this is because it reduces CO2, reduces cost and leads to a better customer fairness
- 4100 kwh 11000 kwh
- It is generally acknowledged that there is still a lot of learning to be done when it comes to central controls, especially the BEMs system. During many years of operating plant rooms we regularly see BEMs systems that are not installed or commissioned correctly; providing little value for money or doing what they are supposed to do. Alerts from the BEMS could then be meaningful, with operational adjustments carried out before the resident is impacted by a lapse in efficiency or reliability. For example, this might involve all plant room alerts being processed by a server, which groups and prioritises them, enabling them to be presented on a mobile app. The days of maintenance teams finding out about outages from phone calls from irate residents should be a problem of the past.
- Building Energy Management Systems monitor and control services such as heating, ventilation and air-conditioning, ensuring the building operates at maximum levels of efficiency and removing wasted energy usage associated costs. The optimal level of efficiency can be achieved by continuously maintaining the correct balance between operating requirements, external and internal environmental conditions, and energy usage A system can begin with a single controller. As other controllers are added, these can be linked using a simple communication network, and a remote PC connected to this network to observe their performance and adjust settings. The BEMs system is like a complex programable room stat It decides: When boilers come on and at what temperature the are set to, this can vary by the time of day, current demand or time of year When the pumps are switched on and at what setting (again this can vary depending on many factors, such as occupancy levels, heat demand and weather) Which boilers and pumps are used, because you can tell the BEMS to load and ware balance if that is appropriate? To help the BEMs system make these decisions it is connected to a number of temperature flow and pressure sensors throughout this system. Due to it connecting the boilers, control valves and pumps, it allows the heat network operator to see what changes are required for the scheme to run at optimum performance and for its requirements. Of course, when we say “the BEMS system decides” what to do, we actually mean it contains software that is configured by the commissioning engineers who use the energy strategy and heating system design to work out the optimum configuration.
- What's really important from a heat network operator's point of view when considering BEMs is: 1. Connectivity! 2. Visualisation 3. Alarms in an easy to digest format (E.G. Red Amber Green report) 4. Engaged BEMs support who help contribute regularly to the improvement of the system 5. KPIs and league tables so you can benchmark performance