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International Journal of Sciences:
Basic and Applied Research
(IJSBAR)
ISSN 2307-4531
(Print & Online)
http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
229
Analysis of People Welfare in South Sorong-Papua
Indonesia
Suwandi*
Head of Study Program of Regional and Urban Planning of Post Graduate of Cendrawasih University,
Jayapura, Papua
Abstract
The objective of this study is determining and analysing the effect of regional expansion, infrastructure
development and productive economic activities toward people welfare in South Sorong. It is also conducted in
order to know and analyze the dominant program on the people welfare in South Sorong. This research was
conducted in South Sorong with quantitative and qualitative data applying multiple regression analysis.
Regression analysis result showed that there is a significant relationship on variable regional expansion with
people welfare in South Sorong-Papua. The development of infrastructure has a significant influence on people
welfare in South Sorong-Papua. Productive economic activities also have an influence on people welfare in
South Sorong-Papua. Partial analysis testing result discovers that infrastructure development factor has
dominant effects on people welfare compared to the factors of regional expansion program and productive
economic business.
Keywords: regional expansion; productive economic business.
1.Introduction
Kurniawati [7] states that Regional Autonomy is a political and instrument administration/management
instruments used to optimize local resources so that it can be utilized as much as possible for the better society.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Corresponding author.
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234
230
The impact of reforms taking place in Indonesia, in terms of politics and public administration, is a paradigm
and government system friction with pattern of centralized monolithic in the central government towards a
system of decentralized governance (local democracy) in local government [6]. Regional autonomy as a form of
implementation of the decentralization principle in governance initiated by the government in response to the
society requirement, is essentially an application of the division of power concept that divides the state authority
vertically [14]. In this context, the authority will be divided into central government and local government,
which are legal constitutionally remain within the framework of Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
The study on the content of legislation ever used to organize regional administration is still attract the attention
of various circles and it opens up opportunities for debate [15]. Based on existing data, up until now the total
regions of counties and cities in Indonesia are 410, consisting of 324 districts and 86 cities [15].
Major problems that hinder the formation of South Sorong as an autonomous region is a matter of local financial
independence, lack of urban infrastructure to the resources of local government officials. The strong aspiration
of South Sorong people to change South Sorong as an autonomous region was the main reason for the
government to realize the South Sorong district.
Based on the background that has been stated above, the problem of this study raised as follows: What are the
effects of infrastructure development and productive economic business toward people welfare in South
Sorong? What is the dominant program on the people welfare in South Sorong?
2.Theoritical Framework
2.1 Decentralization
Decentralization is a means to achieve one state purpose providing better public services and creating more
democratic decision-making process. The primary issue of decentralization is the success or failure of
government to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of the public levels toward political and social
interests of their community. The failure to implement the decentralization is primarily indicated from economic
decline, political instability and public services decline [11].
Decentralization according to Sidik [11] can be divided into four types: political decentralization, granting
rights to citizens through elected representatives by a strong authority to make public decision. Administrative
Decentralization, delegation of authority is intended to redistribute authority, responsibility and financial
resources for providing public services. Administrative decentralization can basically be grouped into three
forms, United Nations gives the notion of decentralization as "the transfer of authority away from the national
capital Wether by deconcentration to field offices or by Devolution to local authorities or local bodies. These
limit outlines how the authority was transferred from central to local government agencies, either through
deconcentration and devolution [6].
Fesler defines decentralization as a power distribution switch or give a decision or policy-making to the local
level so that the region has the autonomy to make its own policy [14]. According to Yeremias [15]
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234
231
decentralization in fact takes two forms, the administrative and political nature. Administrative decentralization
is usually called as deconcentration which means delegation of implementation authority to local levels.
Thus it can be said that the main significance of decentralization lies in the local authorities to set their own
policies in accordance with the conditions and aspirations of the local community.
The implementation of regional autonomy puts a lot of hope for the resolution of various problems that hinder
the development and progress of the region. Policy formation of South Sorong is one manifestation of the
regional autonomy development. Therefore, in order to achieve regional planning in Indonesia, there are a few
things that want to be achieved [10]: formation policy of South Sorong as an autonomous region would include
a certain jurisdictions. Region in Indonesian governance is work environmentof general government [10].
Administratively, the working environment governance with regard to the limits of the jurisdiction of a region or
also referred to regonal household. In the framework of these new regions, granting the status of a specific
region implies as their provinces, districts and city as the divisions of the main region. Theoretically, in order to
run the functions optimally, there are at least seven main elements that make up an autonomous regional
government [4], they are: Existence of governmental affairs delegated to the regions. The occasions are the
content of the regional autonomy as their basic authority to regulate and manage their own household. The
existence of a lug of institutional autonomy delegated to the regions. The staffs are the employees who have a
duty to run the autonomy occasioons that become household contents. The financial resource is used to finance
the implementation of regional autonomy.
The element of representation is the embodiment of the people's representatives who have gained the legitimacy
to lead the regional administration. It is also expected to run efficient, effective, economic and accountable
public services management. Supervision, monitoring and evaluation which are effectively and efficiently done
are also needed. According to Simanjuntak [12] dealing with the granting of regional autonomy, it needs to pay
attention to the elements as follows, (1) the stability of the institution, (2) the availability of inadequate human
resources, especially regional government staffs, (3) the economic potential of the region to dig their own
sources of income.
3.Materials and Methods
This study is an explanatory reseach aimed to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the regional
expansion, development of infrastructure and productive economic activities for people welfare in the district of
South Sorong-Papua.
The research variables were four, namely: the regional growth, infrastructure development, productive economic
business and social welfare. The data used is quantitative data. The data analysis used is multiple linear
regression analysis with SPSS software version 20.
4.Result
The regression analysis describes the effect of regional expansion, infrastructure development, productive
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234
232
economic business and people welfare in South Sorong-Papua
Table 1: Regression analysis
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
T PB Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 4.878 1.985 3.041 0.066
X1. Regional
expansion
0.132 0.095 0.751 3.732 0.000
X2. Infrastructure
development
0.679 0.078 0.782 3.921 0.004
X3. Productive
economic business
0.452 0.098 0.634 3.660 0.020
R2
= 0.654, Adj-R2
= 0.430 ; F = 32.244 (p=0.000)
Regression analysis shows that there were a significant influence on the relationships of the three independent
variables on the level of people welfare. Regression coefficients generated entirely positive sign, so that it can
be interpreted that the regional expansions, infrastructure development and productive economic business will
increase people welfare. Partial test results for each independent variable also gives the conclusion that all
variables are significant on the level of welfare (p <0.05). Based on the standardized coefficients (beta),
infrastructure development has the greatest coefficient compared to the others, 0.679. The results of this study
are also consistent with the research that has been done by Simanjuntak [12] that the regional expansion had a
positive impact on the people welfare. Similarly, the result of the research conducted by Darmawan, Koswara
[1,7] discovers that there is a close relationship between the expansions and people welfare. The results of this
study are also consistent with the reseach that has been done by Novitasari and Maryati (8) that there is a close
relationship of infrastructure development to the welfare. It is also similar to the research done by Hapsari,
Prasetyo [2,9] that there is a close relationship between infrastructure development and people welfare.
5.Conclusion
Results of testing regression analysis shows that each increase of variable input is in a ceteris paribus conditions,
it can automatically improve the people welfare. The simultaneous test results are there is a close relationship on
the regional expansions, infrastructure development and productive economic business to the people welfar.
Similarly, the analysis of the partial testing results, the Infrastructure Development (X3) factor has a more
dominant effect on the people welfare (Y) when compared to the regional expansions factor (X1), and
Productive Economic Business (X2).
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234
233
6.Suggestions
Involvement of the village and district officials in the regional expansion program at least can be a material
evaluation of the program performance. The role of the society helped the regional expansion program well.
However, the people who work should be rewarded in any work that the role is limited to carrying out the work.
Supports from the society also helped the regional expansions program but they also need incentives to become
involved in programs related to regional expansion. The involved people to the program shoul be confirmed
since there is only several people who works well.
Refferences
[1]. Darmawan. . “Studi Evaluasi Dampak Pemekaran Daerah 2001- 2007”. Jurnal Penelitian
BAPPENAS, vol 10, pp 100-1010, 2008.
[2]. Hapsari T. Pengaruh Infrastruktur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia, Tesis, Universitas
Hidayatullah : Jakarta, 2011.
[3]. Kaloh, Mencari bentuk otonomi daerah . Rineka cipta karya : Jakarta, 2007,pp 54-70.
[4]. Kalvin, Educational Psychology. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Company,2002, pp.321-240.
[5]. K. Yeremias T, Teknik Forcasting Dalam Analisis Kebijaksanaan, Makalah disampaikan pada
Pelatihan Analisis Kebijakan Sosial, Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM : Yogyakarta. 2005, pp. 34-
50.
[6]. Koswara, E, Kebijaksanaan Desentralisasi Dalam Rangka Menunjang Pembangunan Daerah, dalam
Pembangunan Administrasi Indonesia, LP3ES, : Jakarta,2008, pp.167-187
[7]. Kurniawati S . Pengaruh Pemekaran Provinsi Terhadap Pengembangan Wilayah Di Indonesia.
Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota A SAPPK V1N1, vol 12,pp 62-68 2012
[8]. Novitasari F, Maryati. S. “Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Perkembangan Wilayah di
Indonesia”, Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota A SAPPK V1N1, vo 12, pp 70-76,. 2013.
[9]. Prasetyo, R B. Firdaus M.”Pengaruh Infrastruktur Pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Wilayah Di Indonesia”.
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan.vol 8, pp 34-38 . 2009
[10]. Rasyid, Ryaas, Desentralisasi Dalam Rangka Menunjang Pembangunan Daerah dalam Pembangunan
Administrasi Indonesia, LP3ES : Jakarta.1998, pp 117-1120
[11]. Sidik, Decentralization : The Territorial Dimension of The State, London George Allen & Unwin
:Boston, 2001,pp 223-227
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234
234
.[12]. Simanjuntak D.Y. 2012. “Analisis Pengaruh Pemekaran Wilayah Terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan
Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan” tesis, Gajahmada University. 2012.
[13]. Sumodiningrat G. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan jaring Pengaman Sosial. Jakarta: Gramedia,
1999, pp 79-87
[14]. Suwandi, Made, Otonomi Daerah dan Revisi Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999, Makalah
disampaikan pada Forum Kebijakan MAP UGM : Yogyakarta, 2002, pp 211-220
[15]. Utomo, W. Analisis Kebijaksanaan: Dari Formulasi ke Implementasi Kebijaksanaan Negara, Bumi
Aksara : Jakarta, 1997, pp 99-105
[16]. Yudoyono, Bambang, Otonomi Daerah : Desentralisasi dan Pengembangan SDM Aparatur
Pemerintah Daerah dan Anggota DPRD, Pustaka Sinar Harapan : Jakarta, 2001, pp 110-120.

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Analysis of People Welfare in South Sorong-Papua Indonesia

  • 1. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 229 Analysis of People Welfare in South Sorong-Papua Indonesia Suwandi* Head of Study Program of Regional and Urban Planning of Post Graduate of Cendrawasih University, Jayapura, Papua Abstract The objective of this study is determining and analysing the effect of regional expansion, infrastructure development and productive economic activities toward people welfare in South Sorong. It is also conducted in order to know and analyze the dominant program on the people welfare in South Sorong. This research was conducted in South Sorong with quantitative and qualitative data applying multiple regression analysis. Regression analysis result showed that there is a significant relationship on variable regional expansion with people welfare in South Sorong-Papua. The development of infrastructure has a significant influence on people welfare in South Sorong-Papua. Productive economic activities also have an influence on people welfare in South Sorong-Papua. Partial analysis testing result discovers that infrastructure development factor has dominant effects on people welfare compared to the factors of regional expansion program and productive economic business. Keywords: regional expansion; productive economic business. 1.Introduction Kurniawati [7] states that Regional Autonomy is a political and instrument administration/management instruments used to optimize local resources so that it can be utilized as much as possible for the better society. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Corresponding author.
  • 2. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234 230 The impact of reforms taking place in Indonesia, in terms of politics and public administration, is a paradigm and government system friction with pattern of centralized monolithic in the central government towards a system of decentralized governance (local democracy) in local government [6]. Regional autonomy as a form of implementation of the decentralization principle in governance initiated by the government in response to the society requirement, is essentially an application of the division of power concept that divides the state authority vertically [14]. In this context, the authority will be divided into central government and local government, which are legal constitutionally remain within the framework of Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The study on the content of legislation ever used to organize regional administration is still attract the attention of various circles and it opens up opportunities for debate [15]. Based on existing data, up until now the total regions of counties and cities in Indonesia are 410, consisting of 324 districts and 86 cities [15]. Major problems that hinder the formation of South Sorong as an autonomous region is a matter of local financial independence, lack of urban infrastructure to the resources of local government officials. The strong aspiration of South Sorong people to change South Sorong as an autonomous region was the main reason for the government to realize the South Sorong district. Based on the background that has been stated above, the problem of this study raised as follows: What are the effects of infrastructure development and productive economic business toward people welfare in South Sorong? What is the dominant program on the people welfare in South Sorong? 2.Theoritical Framework 2.1 Decentralization Decentralization is a means to achieve one state purpose providing better public services and creating more democratic decision-making process. The primary issue of decentralization is the success or failure of government to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of the public levels toward political and social interests of their community. The failure to implement the decentralization is primarily indicated from economic decline, political instability and public services decline [11]. Decentralization according to Sidik [11] can be divided into four types: political decentralization, granting rights to citizens through elected representatives by a strong authority to make public decision. Administrative Decentralization, delegation of authority is intended to redistribute authority, responsibility and financial resources for providing public services. Administrative decentralization can basically be grouped into three forms, United Nations gives the notion of decentralization as "the transfer of authority away from the national capital Wether by deconcentration to field offices or by Devolution to local authorities or local bodies. These limit outlines how the authority was transferred from central to local government agencies, either through deconcentration and devolution [6]. Fesler defines decentralization as a power distribution switch or give a decision or policy-making to the local level so that the region has the autonomy to make its own policy [14]. According to Yeremias [15]
  • 3. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234 231 decentralization in fact takes two forms, the administrative and political nature. Administrative decentralization is usually called as deconcentration which means delegation of implementation authority to local levels. Thus it can be said that the main significance of decentralization lies in the local authorities to set their own policies in accordance with the conditions and aspirations of the local community. The implementation of regional autonomy puts a lot of hope for the resolution of various problems that hinder the development and progress of the region. Policy formation of South Sorong is one manifestation of the regional autonomy development. Therefore, in order to achieve regional planning in Indonesia, there are a few things that want to be achieved [10]: formation policy of South Sorong as an autonomous region would include a certain jurisdictions. Region in Indonesian governance is work environmentof general government [10]. Administratively, the working environment governance with regard to the limits of the jurisdiction of a region or also referred to regonal household. In the framework of these new regions, granting the status of a specific region implies as their provinces, districts and city as the divisions of the main region. Theoretically, in order to run the functions optimally, there are at least seven main elements that make up an autonomous regional government [4], they are: Existence of governmental affairs delegated to the regions. The occasions are the content of the regional autonomy as their basic authority to regulate and manage their own household. The existence of a lug of institutional autonomy delegated to the regions. The staffs are the employees who have a duty to run the autonomy occasioons that become household contents. The financial resource is used to finance the implementation of regional autonomy. The element of representation is the embodiment of the people's representatives who have gained the legitimacy to lead the regional administration. It is also expected to run efficient, effective, economic and accountable public services management. Supervision, monitoring and evaluation which are effectively and efficiently done are also needed. According to Simanjuntak [12] dealing with the granting of regional autonomy, it needs to pay attention to the elements as follows, (1) the stability of the institution, (2) the availability of inadequate human resources, especially regional government staffs, (3) the economic potential of the region to dig their own sources of income. 3.Materials and Methods This study is an explanatory reseach aimed to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the regional expansion, development of infrastructure and productive economic activities for people welfare in the district of South Sorong-Papua. The research variables were four, namely: the regional growth, infrastructure development, productive economic business and social welfare. The data used is quantitative data. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS software version 20. 4.Result The regression analysis describes the effect of regional expansion, infrastructure development, productive
  • 4. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234 232 economic business and people welfare in South Sorong-Papua Table 1: Regression analysis Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T PB Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 4.878 1.985 3.041 0.066 X1. Regional expansion 0.132 0.095 0.751 3.732 0.000 X2. Infrastructure development 0.679 0.078 0.782 3.921 0.004 X3. Productive economic business 0.452 0.098 0.634 3.660 0.020 R2 = 0.654, Adj-R2 = 0.430 ; F = 32.244 (p=0.000) Regression analysis shows that there were a significant influence on the relationships of the three independent variables on the level of people welfare. Regression coefficients generated entirely positive sign, so that it can be interpreted that the regional expansions, infrastructure development and productive economic business will increase people welfare. Partial test results for each independent variable also gives the conclusion that all variables are significant on the level of welfare (p <0.05). Based on the standardized coefficients (beta), infrastructure development has the greatest coefficient compared to the others, 0.679. The results of this study are also consistent with the research that has been done by Simanjuntak [12] that the regional expansion had a positive impact on the people welfare. Similarly, the result of the research conducted by Darmawan, Koswara [1,7] discovers that there is a close relationship between the expansions and people welfare. The results of this study are also consistent with the reseach that has been done by Novitasari and Maryati (8) that there is a close relationship of infrastructure development to the welfare. It is also similar to the research done by Hapsari, Prasetyo [2,9] that there is a close relationship between infrastructure development and people welfare. 5.Conclusion Results of testing regression analysis shows that each increase of variable input is in a ceteris paribus conditions, it can automatically improve the people welfare. The simultaneous test results are there is a close relationship on the regional expansions, infrastructure development and productive economic business to the people welfar. Similarly, the analysis of the partial testing results, the Infrastructure Development (X3) factor has a more dominant effect on the people welfare (Y) when compared to the regional expansions factor (X1), and Productive Economic Business (X2).
  • 5. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234 233 6.Suggestions Involvement of the village and district officials in the regional expansion program at least can be a material evaluation of the program performance. The role of the society helped the regional expansion program well. However, the people who work should be rewarded in any work that the role is limited to carrying out the work. Supports from the society also helped the regional expansions program but they also need incentives to become involved in programs related to regional expansion. The involved people to the program shoul be confirmed since there is only several people who works well. Refferences [1]. Darmawan. . “Studi Evaluasi Dampak Pemekaran Daerah 2001- 2007”. Jurnal Penelitian BAPPENAS, vol 10, pp 100-1010, 2008. [2]. Hapsari T. Pengaruh Infrastruktur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia, Tesis, Universitas Hidayatullah : Jakarta, 2011. [3]. Kaloh, Mencari bentuk otonomi daerah . Rineka cipta karya : Jakarta, 2007,pp 54-70. [4]. Kalvin, Educational Psychology. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Company,2002, pp.321-240. [5]. K. Yeremias T, Teknik Forcasting Dalam Analisis Kebijaksanaan, Makalah disampaikan pada Pelatihan Analisis Kebijakan Sosial, Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM : Yogyakarta. 2005, pp. 34- 50. [6]. Koswara, E, Kebijaksanaan Desentralisasi Dalam Rangka Menunjang Pembangunan Daerah, dalam Pembangunan Administrasi Indonesia, LP3ES, : Jakarta,2008, pp.167-187 [7]. Kurniawati S . Pengaruh Pemekaran Provinsi Terhadap Pengembangan Wilayah Di Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota A SAPPK V1N1, vol 12,pp 62-68 2012 [8]. Novitasari F, Maryati. S. “Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Perkembangan Wilayah di Indonesia”, Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota A SAPPK V1N1, vo 12, pp 70-76,. 2013. [9]. Prasetyo, R B. Firdaus M.”Pengaruh Infrastruktur Pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Wilayah Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan.vol 8, pp 34-38 . 2009 [10]. Rasyid, Ryaas, Desentralisasi Dalam Rangka Menunjang Pembangunan Daerah dalam Pembangunan Administrasi Indonesia, LP3ES : Jakarta.1998, pp 117-1120 [11]. Sidik, Decentralization : The Territorial Dimension of The State, London George Allen & Unwin :Boston, 2001,pp 223-227
  • 6. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2016) Volume 27, No 2, pp 229-234 234 .[12]. Simanjuntak D.Y. 2012. “Analisis Pengaruh Pemekaran Wilayah Terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan” tesis, Gajahmada University. 2012. [13]. Sumodiningrat G. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan jaring Pengaman Sosial. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1999, pp 79-87 [14]. Suwandi, Made, Otonomi Daerah dan Revisi Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999, Makalah disampaikan pada Forum Kebijakan MAP UGM : Yogyakarta, 2002, pp 211-220 [15]. Utomo, W. Analisis Kebijaksanaan: Dari Formulasi ke Implementasi Kebijaksanaan Negara, Bumi Aksara : Jakarta, 1997, pp 99-105 [16]. Yudoyono, Bambang, Otonomi Daerah : Desentralisasi dan Pengembangan SDM Aparatur Pemerintah Daerah dan Anggota DPRD, Pustaka Sinar Harapan : Jakarta, 2001, pp 110-120.