1.
Introduction
• Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus, it can cause disease in
human and other animals such as pigs and bats.
• Nipah virus was first recognized in 1999.
• Nipah viral infection is more common in Asia specially
in India and Bangladesh.
• Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are the natural host
of Nipah virus.
• In India Siliguri is the place where first case of Nipah
virus infection was reported in 2001.

2.
Transmission
The virus can transmit through:-
• Infected Animals such as pigs, horses, goats, sheep, cats and
dogs.
• Infected foods
• Infected persons
• Consumption of fruits or fruit products contaminated with
urine or saliva from infected fruit bats(Pteropus).
• Human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus may also occur
among family and care givers of infected patients.
• Nipah virus spread directly from human-to-human through
close contact with people's secretions and excretions.

3.
Disease symptoms
• Nipah virus can cause acute respiratory illness and fatal
encephalitis.
• Early symptoms:-Fever, headaches, myalgia, vomiting and
sore throat are the major symptoms of nipah virus infection.
• Late symptoms:-Dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness,
and neurological signs that indicate acute encephalitis.
• The incubation period of Nipah virus is between 4 to 14 days,
some time it will extend upto 45 days.

4.
Diagnostic tools
• Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from
bodily fluids is used for diagnosis of virus.
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used
for detection of antibody.
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.
• Virus isolation by cell culture.

5.
Treatment options
• There is no treatment or vaccine available for either
people or animals.

6.
Prevention
• Cleaning and disinfection of pig farms with appropriate
detergents may be effective in preventing infection.

7.
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