6.53
THEORY OF
ARCHITECTURE I
ARCH 4591
Instructor: Lewi
Tsegaye
ADDIS COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING

CONTENT
2
Googie
 Origin of Googie
 Characteristics
 Architects
 Examples
Brutalism
 Origin of Brutalism
 Characteristics
 Architects
 Examples

LATE MODERNISM 1950S to 1970S 3

LATE MODERNISM
• Like the earlier Modern buildings,
Late Modernism architecture was
reductive and functionalist.
4

GOOGIE 1945 to 1970S 5

ORIGIN OF GOOGIE ARCHITECTURE
• Style of architecture and design
first popular in the United
States in the 1950s, typified by
roadside buildings such as
coffee shops, motels, gas
stations, and signs.
6

• Origin of the term is speculated to
have come from Googie's
Coffee Shop in Los Angeles,
California, and has since been
used to describe similar designs.
7

• Popular in the United States from roughly 1945 to
the early 1970s.
• The style later became widely known as part of
the mid-century modern style, elements of
which represent the Populuxe aesthetic.
8

• Populuxe was a consumer
culture and aesthetic in the
United States popular in the
1950s and 1960s. The term
comes from a combination
of popular and luxury.
9

• With the increasing prosperity of the
United States during the 1950s, American
designers celebrated this new affluence with
optimistic designs.
• The development of nuclear power and the
reality of spaceflight captivated the public's
imagination of the future.
• Googie architecture exploited this trend
by incorporating energy into its design
with elements such as the boomerang,
diagonals, atomic bursts and bright colors.
10
ORIGIN OF GOOGIE ARCHITECTURE
Cinema Cesar Pelli

• Googie became less valued as
time passed, and many
buildings in this style have
been destroyed.
• Some examples have been
preserved, though, such as the
oldest McDonald's stand
(located in Downey, California).
11
ORIGIN OF GOOGIE ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS
• Curvilinear and Geometric shapes
12

13

• Bold use of glass, steel and neon.
• Starbursts
14

15

16

17

• Upswept roofs
18

19
• Upswept roofs

20
• Upswept roofs

CHARACTERISTICS
• Space Age designs
• Symbolic of motion, such as
boomerangs, UFOs, diagrammatic
atoms and parabolas.
21

• Free-form designs such as "soft" parallelograms and an artist's
palette motif.
22

• Dominating colors palettes such as; yellow, blue, and green.
23

24

25

26

27

28

ARCHITECTS OF GOOGIE
29
Wayne McAllister
Bob's Big Boy restaurant, California
John Lautner
Nouard Gootgeld House

EXAMPLES OF GOOGIE
30
300 Bowl - Phoenix, Arizona

31
Space Needle - Seattle, Washington, United States

32
Paris Laundry & Dry Cleaning - Phoenix, Arizona

EXAMPLES OF GOOGIE
33

EXAMPLES OF GOOGIE
34
Ras Kitfo, Addis Ababa Ethiopia

EXAMPLES OF GOOGIE
35
London Cafe, Addis Ababa Ethiopia

BRUTALISM 1950S to 1970S 36

• Brutalist architecture is an architectural
style that emerged during the 1950s in
the United Kingdom, among the
reconstruction projects of the post world
war II era.
37
ORIGIN OF BRUTALIST ARCHITECTURE
Balfron Tower (1963), designed by Ernő Goldfinger in London, England

• The term Brutalism came from the
French word “beton brut” meaning
raw concrete.
• Brutalism is said to be a reaction
against the nostalgia of architecture
in the 1940s.
38

• Concrete was the primary common material used in brutalism. This is because
of concrete was relatively cheap and abundant material for the post war
reconstruction effort.
39

40
• Widely used for public and intuitional
buildings such as:
• Government
• Libraries
• Universities
• Museums
• Social housing
• The popularity of the movement began to
decline in the late 1970s, with some
associating the style with urban decay and
totalitarianism.
Western City Gate (1979), Belgrade, Serbia

41
The Robarts Library (1973) - Toronto
CHARACTERISTICS
• Heavy and closed building envelope

42
The Robarts Library (1973) - Toronto
• Heavy and closed building envelope

• Limited (less) glazing
43
Palace of Justice, Lisbon, Portugal (1970)

44
Halls of residence at the University of East Anglia (completed 1966), designed by Denys Lasdun
• However, there are some exceptions like Halls of residence at the University of East
Anglia, which uses more glazing than other brutalist buildings.

• Raw (bare) concrete exposed surface 45

• Minimalist constructions that show the bare building materials
and structural elements.
46

• Angular geometric shapes
47

• Angular geometric shapes
48

• Monochrome color palette
49

• Economical 50

ARCHITECTS & EXAMPLES OF BRUTALIST ARCHITECTURE
51
Boston City Hall, Boston, USA

52
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 1965 - San Diego, California, USA
Louis Isadore Kahn

53
Kyoto International Conference Center - Kyoto, Japan
Sachio Otani

54
Kyoto International Conference Center (Interior) - Kyoto, Japan

55
Geisel Library, California, USA
William Pereira

56
Langson Library at the University of California, USA
William Pereira

57
Tesco Shopping Centre (1962) in Košice,

58
National Musseum, Amist Killo, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia

59
Banco De Roma, Piassa, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia

60
German Evangelical Church, Janmeda, Addis Ababa,

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