1.
Physics
Investigatory
Project
By – Yash G.Desai
Class 12th
A

2.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the PHYSICS project titled
‘ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION’ has been
successfully completed by Yash G.Desai of Class XII
in partial fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDARYEDUCATION (CBSE)
leading to the award of annual examination of the
year 2016.
Boards Roll No. 4637457
Date of Submission
Sign of Internal Examiner
Sign of External Examiner

3.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude
towards our Physics teacher
for his guidance, support
and encouragement throughout the duration of
the project. Without her motivation and help the
successful completion of this project would not
have been possible.

4.
ELECTROMAG
NETIC

5.
ontents
ntroduction
im of the experiment
aterials required
heory
rocedure
bservation
xperiment photos
onclusion
ibliography

6.
troduction
•A bit about Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday was an English scientist who contributed to
the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main
discoveries include those of electromagnetic induction,
diamagnetism and electrolysis.
•Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's law of induction is a basic law of electromagnetism
predicting how a magnetic field will interact with an electric
circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF)—a
phenomenon called electromagnetic induction.
It is the fundamental operating principle of transformers,
inductors, and many types
•
o
F
fa
er
le
ac
d
ta
riy
caa
l n
m
d
oth
or
is
s a
L
n
a
d
w
generators.
Electromagnetic induction was discovered independently
by Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831; however,
Faraday was the first to publish the results of his
experiments. Faraday explained electromagnetic induction
using a concept he called lines of force. These equations for
electromagnetics are extremely important since they provide

7.
•Something IMPORTANT
An important aspect of the equation that quantifies Faraday’s
Law comes from the work of Heinrich Lenz, a Russian
physicist who made his contribution to Faraday’s Law, now
known as Lenz’s Law, in 1834.
<Faraday’s Law describes Electromagnetic Induction,
whereas Lenz’s Law defines it>
<Faraday's first experimental demonstration of
electromagnetic induction (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two
wires around opposite sides of an iron ring or "torus" (an
arrangement similar to a modern toroidal transformer) to
induce current>

8.
Aim of the Experiment
To determine electromagnetic Induction, and the
effect on current flowing through the copper wire
for the increase in no of turns of the copper loop
erials Required
wire
anometer
gnet

9.
Magnetic flux is prop
e>
units: volt-seconds)
of the closed surfac
heory
<Electromotive force, also called emf (denoted and measured
in volt), is the voltage developed by any source of electrical
energy such as a battery or dynamo. It is generally defined as
the electrical potential for a source in a circuit>
<A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of electric currents
and magnetic materials. Themagnetic field at any given point
is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or
strength); as such it is a vector field>
<Magnetic flux (most often denoted as Φm), is the number
of magnetic field lines (also called "magnetic flux density")
passing through a closed surface (such as a conducting coil).
The SI unit ofmagnetic flux is the weber (W
Ill
b
u
)
st
(i
rn
at
d
io
en
rived
mathematically
=B.A
ere B is magnetic field
. ortional to the area
d A is area

10.
ay
E
:MF 


t
Law (mathematically)>
<where it states that the electromotive force
By Farad
is equal to the change in magnetic flux with r
change in time>
he act
B
u
y
aL
le
e
n
m
z:f is negative of what the Faraday told,
rather say that the direction of induced current opposes
ange in flux , since for an ideal circuit(loop) emf is directly p
current>
illustra
tion:
Magnetic Field
North
Current
<where the field in the diagram is
the opposing and induced
field to the actual, applied
field(magnetic) due to induced
current which was produced due
to applied magnetic field>
South

11.
rocedure
was divided into three parts(randomly).
was coiled into 1 loop, the second into 10 loops, and
loops by keeping front area const.
was connected to dc galvanometer and the bar mag
and the results were noted.
ng was done with 10 loop and 70 loop coil and the res
bservation
It was observed that the deflection in the
galvanometer was greater for the 70 loop
coil and was least for 1 loop coil.

12.
periment Photos

13.
Coil of ‘n-terns’. Like
onclusion
Magnetic field passes through every area of
each interface no matter the common area if
same therefore the flux will be ‘n’ times for
the loop of copper
ª
In the given picture
there are 5 turns in
the loop so the area
of each interface is 5
times the common
area

14.
bliography
•wikipedia.com
•ocw.mit.edu