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The
Silence
of Agile




       #Agile2012
The Silence of Agile

Silence
of the
Agilists
“I didn't think you
could silence
those types…”




                  #Agile2012
Think about what you
           already know about
           brainstorming.
           As a group:
           1. Choose a scribe.
Think It   2. Write down what
/ Ink It      you know about
              brainstorming.
           3. Write down
              questions you want
              answered about
              brainstorming.
Steve Rogalsky

  @SROGALSKY

  WINNIPEGAGILIST.BLOGSPOT.COM

  PROTEGRA.COM
The Silence of Agile
At Protegra we
employ agile and lean
techniques to give our
                         Protegra Advantage
clients an advantage
– to leap out of the
bowl.




info@protegra.com
blog.protegra.com
www.protegra.com
Most Brainstorming sessions
       start with sincerity




“I just want to get feedback, how is it going,
is there a better way to do this?”
Most Brainstorming sessions
          assume…




• „Throwing ideas around‟ will help
  generate even greater and more
  innovative ideas.
• Brainstorming = Innovation
Most Brainstorming sessions
           assume…




• If you have an idea you‟ll say it.
• Attendance = Participation
Most Brainstorming sessions
           assume…




• If you ask people to give their ideas, they
  will.
• Inviting Responses = Collaboration
Are those assumptions correct?
Some
 People
Participate
 Actively
Some don‟t
If that is the
    case…




“Any time people come together in a
meeting, we‟re not necessarily getting the
best ideas; we‟re just getting the ideas of
the best talkers” – Susan Cain
what about   Idea Generation?




                          An
                       Experiment
Learning Outcomes




              1. New Pet
                  Peeve
             2. Why/How
                 Silence?
             3. New Ideas
Stepping Back




Why do we
brainstorm?
1. To Innovate
2. To Create
   Great Teams
Stepping Back




If that is what we believe, is brainstorming
       by the loud & few acceptable?
Stepping Back




If that is what we believe, is restricting our
    ideas to pink elephants acceptable?
The Science




“Turns out the way your team is
brainstorming is probably all wrong!”
- BusinessInsider.com referencing a joint University of Texas and
Texas A & M University Study from 2010
The Science
                                    (Number of Ideas Generated)


                                                      4 Individuals
                                                      working
                                                      separately
                                                      4 Individuals
                                                      working
                                                      anonymously
                                                      together




(from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
The Science
                                      (Variety of Ideas Generated)


                                                      4 Individuals
                                                      working
                                                      separately
                                                      4 Individuals
                                                      working
                                                      anonymously
                                                      together




(from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
The Science

“supports the notion that exchanging ideas in a group
leads members to become fixated on their peers' ideas,
thus reducing the number of categories explored.”




    (from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
The Science
The Science

 Number of Unique Solutions
                                  “Brainstorming
                                  didn‟t unleash the
                                  potential of the
                                  group, but rather
                                  made each
                                  individual less
                                  creative”
                                  Yale University – Study
12 Groups of 4   48 Individuals   (1958)
The Science

Why the Fixation?

“The Emory University neuroscientist
Gregory Berns found that when we
take a stance different from the
group‟s, we activate the amygdala, a
small organ in the brain associated with
the fear of rejection. Professor Berns
calls this „the pain of independence.‟”

- Susan Cain
The Science




What about Group Think?
“The more charismatic the leader, the worse that Group
Think is. No one wants to contradict the leader”
- Dr. Jason Ediger - psyschologist
The Science




                    What about Debate?
(2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
The Science
          Control Group
          Dot Not Criticize                      What about Debate?
          Debate
30
                                                 - Teams that were
                                                   instructed to debate
25                                                 the ideas … “were
20                                                 the most creative –
                                                   generating nearly
15                                                 twenty percent more
10                                                 ideas”

 5

 0
      France                U.S.A.
     (2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
The Science




Why is debate useful?
Consider this free association example:
- Say the first thing you think of when I say…

       GREEN
- Nearly everyone says…
     (2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
The Science




 How do we get past this layer of predictability?
(2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
The Science

                                  “being exposed to [alternate
                                  views] expands our creative
                                  potential.”

                                  “After hearing someone shout
                                  out an errant answer, we
                                  work to understand it, which
                                  causes us to reassess our
                                  initial assumptions and try out
                                  new perspectives.”

(2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
The Science

“Decades of research have consistently shown that
brainstorming groups think of far fewer ideas than the
same number of people who work alone and later pool
their ideas.”
-   Keith Sawyer – psychologist at Washington University about Brainstorming


“This finding mirrors patterns found in previous research
(Coskun, Paulus, Brown, & Sherwood, 2000) and
suggests that brainstorming sessions might be optimal if a
group session follows an individual session.”
-   (from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
The Science : Summary
    Individual > Group for
    Generating Ideas
      –   Ironic Process Theory
      –   Fixation
      –   Amygdala
      –   Group Think
    Group > Individual for
    Processing/Expanding Ideas
      – Debate spurs new perspectives
1. Think about this
              presentation.

              Think about what you
              learned about
              brainstorming.
   So?
              In silence, write down
              everything you learned
 How then     about brainstorming
              (one item per index
 should we    card)
brainstorm?
2. Alternate reading your
              ideas out loud to your
              group. Place your idea in
              the middle once you‟ve
              read it.

              During this round, do:
              • Ask questions.
   So?
              • Write new ideas as you
                think of them.
              • Remove Duplicates
 How then
              Continue until all ideas
 should we    have been read.
brainstorm?
Comparing the Steps to the
             Science


Steps                     Science

1. Prompt (facilitator)   1. Prompt w/o Fixation
2. Gather (silence)       2. Generate in silence
3. Process (out loud)     3. Process out loud
Stepping Back




Why do we
brainstorm?
1. To Innovate
2. To Create
   Great Teams
The Science Just Might Be
      Secondary…
Silent
Brainstorming
encourages:
– Giving up power.
– Handing out
  ownership.
– Spreading around
  responsibility.
– Creating
  engagement.
– Building better teams.
Silent Brainstorming Encourages:




             Giving up power.
          Handing out ownership.
      Spreading around responsibility.
          Creating engagement.
           Building better teams.
The
              Silence
              of Agile




                     #Agile2012
Back to our
  topic…
Retrospectives

1.   Prompt
2.   Gather (silence)
3.   Discuss (out loud)
4.   Vote (silence)
Speed Boat Exercise


1. Prompt
2. Gather (silence)
3. Discuss (out loud)
Agile Chartering


1.   Prompt
2.   Gather (silence)
3.   Discuss (out loud)
4.   Group (silence)
5.   Name (out loud)
Risk Assessment

1. Prompt
2. Gather (silence)
3. Discuss/Place (out loud)
User Story Mapping

1.   Prompt
2.   Gather (silence)
3.   Discuss (out loud)
4.   Group (silence)
5.   Name (out loud)
Generating User Stories in Silence




1. Prompt
2. Write a Story (silence)
3. Write part of a Story &
   Pass (silence)
4. Write part of a Story &
   Pass but in reverse
   (silence)
Planning Poker




1.   Prompt
2.   Vote (silence)
3.   Discuss (out loud)
4.   <Repeat>
Planning Poker Party

1. Individual Placement
   (silence)
2. Group Placement
   (silence)
3. Discussion
UX Design Studio




1.   Prompt
2.   Draw (silence)
3.   Pitch / Debate (out loud)
4.   <Repeat>
Lean Coffee




1. Prompt
2. Write Post-its (silence)
3. Discuss
LEGO® Serious Play




1. Prompt
2. Build (individual)
3. Share / Discuss
Time to Practice




As groups, we‟ll perform a brief
mid-Conference Retrospective
Time to Practice




Prompt: Based on the conference so far, I
wish the following could be done differently
Time to Practice




• Gather (silence)
• Discuss/Place/Group (out loud)
• Vote (silence)
In Closing
            To innovate and build
            great teams, your
            technique matters!
            1. Generate in silence
            2. Process out loud

              Steve Rogalsky
                 @SROGALSKY
Thanks!          WINNIPEGAGILIST.BLOGSPOT.COM
Questions        PROTEGRA.COM
Credits
•   Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming
     –   http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1699/full
     –   http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-01-04/strategy/30587996_1_brainstorming-creative-ideas-
         fixation
•   The liberating role of conflict in group creativity: A study in two countries
     –   https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/directory/ja26531/downloads/Liberating_role_of_conflict_in_group_creativity.pdf
•   Susan Cain articles:
     –   http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/opinion/sunday/the-rise-of-the-new-
         groupthink.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all
     –   http://www.fastcompany.com/1814377/susan-cain-groupthink-brainstorming-quiet-introverts
     –   http://www.fastcodesign.com/1668930/the-brainstorming-process-is-bs-but-can-we-rework-it
•   JFK Story
     –   http://www.probe.org/site/apps/nlnet/content.aspx?c=fdKEIMNsEoG&b=4282487&ct=5510241
•   Jonah Lehrer article:
     –   http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/01/30/120130fa_fact_lehrer?currentPage=1
•   Books:
     –   Collaboration Explained – Jean Tabaka
Silent Examples
•   Generic Silent Brainstorming
      –    http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2012/01/silent-brainstorming.html
•   Planning Poker
      –    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb9Rzyi8b90&feature=PlayList&p=3F5BBA263D7DF99C&playnext=1&playnext_f
           rom=PL&index=2
•   Planning Poker Party
      –    http://systemagility.com/2011/05/22/using-silent-grouping-to-size-user-stories/
•   UX Design Studio
      –    http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2011/03/team-ownership-through-ux-design-studio.html
•   Agile Chartering
      –    http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2012/02/agile-chartering-agile-documentation.html
•   Speed Boat
      –    http://innovationgames.com/2010/01/using-speed-boat-for-process-improvement/
•   Remember the Future
      –    http://innovationgames.com/remember-the-future/
•   Retrospectives
      –    http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2010/11/agile-retrospectives-rising-patton.html
•   User Story Mapping
      –    http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2012/03/how-to-create-user-story-map.html
      –    http://www.dotnetrocks.com/default.aspx?showNum=750 (podcast)
•   Generating User Stories in Silence
      –    http://www.coachingagileteams.com/2010/11/29/uncategorized/using-silent-work-techniques-to-get-to-astonishing-
           results/
•   LEGO Serious Play
     –    http://masteringtheobvious.wordpress.com/2012/01/18/so-you-want-to-know-more-about-lego-serious-play/

•   Lean Coffee
     –    http://wiki.limitedwipsociety.org/display/consortwiki/Running+a+Lean+Coffee

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The Silence of Agile

  • 1. The Silence of Agile #Agile2012
  • 2. The Silence of Agile Silence of the Agilists “I didn't think you could silence those types…” #Agile2012
  • 3. Think about what you already know about brainstorming. As a group: 1. Choose a scribe. Think It 2. Write down what / Ink It you know about brainstorming. 3. Write down questions you want answered about brainstorming.
  • 4. Steve Rogalsky @SROGALSKY WINNIPEGAGILIST.BLOGSPOT.COM PROTEGRA.COM
  • 6. At Protegra we employ agile and lean techniques to give our Protegra Advantage clients an advantage – to leap out of the bowl. info@protegra.com blog.protegra.com www.protegra.com
  • 7. Most Brainstorming sessions start with sincerity “I just want to get feedback, how is it going, is there a better way to do this?”
  • 8. Most Brainstorming sessions assume… • „Throwing ideas around‟ will help generate even greater and more innovative ideas. • Brainstorming = Innovation
  • 9. Most Brainstorming sessions assume… • If you have an idea you‟ll say it. • Attendance = Participation
  • 10. Most Brainstorming sessions assume… • If you ask people to give their ideas, they will. • Inviting Responses = Collaboration
  • 14. If that is the case… “Any time people come together in a meeting, we‟re not necessarily getting the best ideas; we‟re just getting the ideas of the best talkers” – Susan Cain
  • 15. what about Idea Generation? An Experiment
  • 16. Learning Outcomes 1. New Pet Peeve 2. Why/How Silence? 3. New Ideas
  • 17. Stepping Back Why do we brainstorm? 1. To Innovate 2. To Create Great Teams
  • 18. Stepping Back If that is what we believe, is brainstorming by the loud & few acceptable?
  • 19. Stepping Back If that is what we believe, is restricting our ideas to pink elephants acceptable?
  • 20. The Science “Turns out the way your team is brainstorming is probably all wrong!” - BusinessInsider.com referencing a joint University of Texas and Texas A & M University Study from 2010
  • 21. The Science (Number of Ideas Generated) 4 Individuals working separately 4 Individuals working anonymously together (from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
  • 22. The Science (Variety of Ideas Generated) 4 Individuals working separately 4 Individuals working anonymously together (from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
  • 23. The Science “supports the notion that exchanging ideas in a group leads members to become fixated on their peers' ideas, thus reducing the number of categories explored.” (from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
  • 25. The Science Number of Unique Solutions “Brainstorming didn‟t unleash the potential of the group, but rather made each individual less creative” Yale University – Study 12 Groups of 4 48 Individuals (1958)
  • 26. The Science Why the Fixation? “The Emory University neuroscientist Gregory Berns found that when we take a stance different from the group‟s, we activate the amygdala, a small organ in the brain associated with the fear of rejection. Professor Berns calls this „the pain of independence.‟” - Susan Cain
  • 27. The Science What about Group Think? “The more charismatic the leader, the worse that Group Think is. No one wants to contradict the leader” - Dr. Jason Ediger - psyschologist
  • 28. The Science What about Debate? (2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
  • 29. The Science Control Group Dot Not Criticize What about Debate? Debate 30 - Teams that were instructed to debate 25 the ideas … “were 20 the most creative – generating nearly 15 twenty percent more 10 ideas” 5 0 France U.S.A. (2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
  • 30. The Science Why is debate useful? Consider this free association example: - Say the first thing you think of when I say… GREEN - Nearly everyone says… (2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
  • 31. The Science How do we get past this layer of predictability? (2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
  • 32. The Science “being exposed to [alternate views] expands our creative potential.” “After hearing someone shout out an errant answer, we work to understand it, which causes us to reassess our initial assumptions and try out new perspectives.” (2003 Study at the University of California by professor Charlan Nemeth)
  • 33. The Science “Decades of research have consistently shown that brainstorming groups think of far fewer ideas than the same number of people who work alone and later pool their ideas.” - Keith Sawyer – psychologist at Washington University about Brainstorming “This finding mirrors patterns found in previous research (Coskun, Paulus, Brown, & Sherwood, 2000) and suggests that brainstorming sessions might be optimal if a group session follows an individual session.” - (from “Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming”)
  • 34. The Science : Summary Individual > Group for Generating Ideas – Ironic Process Theory – Fixation – Amygdala – Group Think Group > Individual for Processing/Expanding Ideas – Debate spurs new perspectives
  • 35. 1. Think about this presentation. Think about what you learned about brainstorming. So? In silence, write down everything you learned How then about brainstorming (one item per index should we card) brainstorm?
  • 36. 2. Alternate reading your ideas out loud to your group. Place your idea in the middle once you‟ve read it. During this round, do: • Ask questions. So? • Write new ideas as you think of them. • Remove Duplicates How then Continue until all ideas should we have been read. brainstorm?
  • 37. Comparing the Steps to the Science Steps Science 1. Prompt (facilitator) 1. Prompt w/o Fixation 2. Gather (silence) 2. Generate in silence 3. Process (out loud) 3. Process out loud
  • 38. Stepping Back Why do we brainstorm? 1. To Innovate 2. To Create Great Teams
  • 39. The Science Just Might Be Secondary…
  • 40. Silent Brainstorming encourages: – Giving up power. – Handing out ownership. – Spreading around responsibility. – Creating engagement. – Building better teams.
  • 41. Silent Brainstorming Encourages: Giving up power. Handing out ownership. Spreading around responsibility. Creating engagement. Building better teams.
  • 42. The Silence of Agile #Agile2012 Back to our topic…
  • 43. Retrospectives 1. Prompt 2. Gather (silence) 3. Discuss (out loud) 4. Vote (silence)
  • 44. Speed Boat Exercise 1. Prompt 2. Gather (silence) 3. Discuss (out loud)
  • 45. Agile Chartering 1. Prompt 2. Gather (silence) 3. Discuss (out loud) 4. Group (silence) 5. Name (out loud)
  • 46. Risk Assessment 1. Prompt 2. Gather (silence) 3. Discuss/Place (out loud)
  • 47. User Story Mapping 1. Prompt 2. Gather (silence) 3. Discuss (out loud) 4. Group (silence) 5. Name (out loud)
  • 48. Generating User Stories in Silence 1. Prompt 2. Write a Story (silence) 3. Write part of a Story & Pass (silence) 4. Write part of a Story & Pass but in reverse (silence)
  • 49. Planning Poker 1. Prompt 2. Vote (silence) 3. Discuss (out loud) 4. <Repeat>
  • 50. Planning Poker Party 1. Individual Placement (silence) 2. Group Placement (silence) 3. Discussion
  • 51. UX Design Studio 1. Prompt 2. Draw (silence) 3. Pitch / Debate (out loud) 4. <Repeat>
  • 52. Lean Coffee 1. Prompt 2. Write Post-its (silence) 3. Discuss
  • 53. LEGO® Serious Play 1. Prompt 2. Build (individual) 3. Share / Discuss
  • 54. Time to Practice As groups, we‟ll perform a brief mid-Conference Retrospective
  • 55. Time to Practice Prompt: Based on the conference so far, I wish the following could be done differently
  • 56. Time to Practice • Gather (silence) • Discuss/Place/Group (out loud) • Vote (silence)
  • 57. In Closing To innovate and build great teams, your technique matters! 1. Generate in silence 2. Process out loud Steve Rogalsky @SROGALSKY Thanks! WINNIPEGAGILIST.BLOGSPOT.COM Questions PROTEGRA.COM
  • 58. Credits • Collaborative Fixation: Effects on others‟ ideas on brainstorming – http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1699/full – http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-01-04/strategy/30587996_1_brainstorming-creative-ideas- fixation • The liberating role of conflict in group creativity: A study in two countries – https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/directory/ja26531/downloads/Liberating_role_of_conflict_in_group_creativity.pdf • Susan Cain articles: – http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/opinion/sunday/the-rise-of-the-new- groupthink.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all – http://www.fastcompany.com/1814377/susan-cain-groupthink-brainstorming-quiet-introverts – http://www.fastcodesign.com/1668930/the-brainstorming-process-is-bs-but-can-we-rework-it • JFK Story – http://www.probe.org/site/apps/nlnet/content.aspx?c=fdKEIMNsEoG&b=4282487&ct=5510241 • Jonah Lehrer article: – http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/01/30/120130fa_fact_lehrer?currentPage=1 • Books: – Collaboration Explained – Jean Tabaka
  • 59. Silent Examples • Generic Silent Brainstorming – http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2012/01/silent-brainstorming.html • Planning Poker – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb9Rzyi8b90&feature=PlayList&p=3F5BBA263D7DF99C&playnext=1&playnext_f rom=PL&index=2 • Planning Poker Party – http://systemagility.com/2011/05/22/using-silent-grouping-to-size-user-stories/ • UX Design Studio – http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2011/03/team-ownership-through-ux-design-studio.html • Agile Chartering – http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2012/02/agile-chartering-agile-documentation.html • Speed Boat – http://innovationgames.com/2010/01/using-speed-boat-for-process-improvement/ • Remember the Future – http://innovationgames.com/remember-the-future/ • Retrospectives – http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2010/11/agile-retrospectives-rising-patton.html • User Story Mapping – http://winnipegagilist.blogspot.ca/2012/03/how-to-create-user-story-map.html – http://www.dotnetrocks.com/default.aspx?showNum=750 (podcast) • Generating User Stories in Silence – http://www.coachingagileteams.com/2010/11/29/uncategorized/using-silent-work-techniques-to-get-to-astonishing- results/ • LEGO Serious Play – http://masteringtheobvious.wordpress.com/2012/01/18/so-you-want-to-know-more-about-lego-serious-play/ • Lean Coffee – http://wiki.limitedwipsociety.org/display/consortwiki/Running+a+Lean+Coffee