1.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Presented to –
Dr. Ashrafur Rahman
Course: Pharmacology – II
North South University
Department of Pharmaceutical Science

2.
Group Members:
1. Tamjid Ahmad
2. Susmita Bhowmik
3. Ety Biswas
4. Nazia Noushin Nijhum
5. Stanley Lawrence Palma

3.
Antibiotic Resistance
What is an antibiotic?
Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are drugs
that fight infections caused by bacteria in both humans
and animals. Antibiotics fight these infections either by
killing the bacteria or making it difficult for the bacteria
to grow and multiply.
What is Antibiotic resistance ?
The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist
the effects of an antibiotic to which they were once
sensitive. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern of
overuse of antibiotics. Also known as drug resistance.

4.
Why is being resistance to antibiotics bad?
If every time a person takes antibiotics, sensitive bacteria are
killed but resistance bacteria may grow and multiply. Treating
viral illness with antibiotics is a problem because it can lead to
the development of resistance bacteria.
Why should we care about antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance has been called one of the world’s most
pressing public health problems. Antibiotic resistance can cause
illnesses that were once easily treatable with antibiotics to
become dangerous infections for children and adults. Antibiotic-
resistant bacteria can spread to family members, schoolmates,
and co-workers. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are often more
difficult to kill and more expensive to treat.

5.
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance

6.
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
1. Pump the antibiotic out from the bacterial cell.
2. Decrease permeability of the membrane that surrounds the
bacterial cell.
3. Destroy the antibiotic.
4. Modify the antibiotic.
5. Express alternative proteins.
6. Camouflage the target.
7. Reprogram target.

7.
Spreading of Antibiotic Resistance

8.
Reduce Spreading of Antibiotic Resistance

9.
How do Bacteria Become
Resistant?
Some bacteria are naturally resistant to certain types of
antibiotics . However, bacteria may also become resistant
in two ways:
1)By certain mutation
2)By acquiring resistance from another bacterium

10.
Important Examples of Antibiotics - Resistant Bacteria
• Methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
• Vancomycin -resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
• Multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
• Carbapenem -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) gut bacteria

11.
Prevention

12.
Prevention Is Better Than Cure

13.
Newer Approaches

14.
Impact of AMR In Our Life
• Resistance has
huge negative
impact on health

15.
Conclusion
• Choose the Appropriate Antibiotic
• Think before prescribing- Are we using right drug for the right bug?