1. Institute of Computer Science
Chair of Communication Networks
Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. Tran-Gia
Socially-Aware Traffic
Management
Michael
Seufert, George Darzanos, Valentin Burger, Ioanna
Papafili, Tobias Hoßfeld
www3.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de

2. Agenda
1.
Traffic Management in the Internet
2.
New Internet Applications
3.
Social Awareness
4.
Socially-Aware Traffic Management
5.
EU FP7 Project SmartenIT
2
Michael Seufert
2

3. Traffic Management in the Internet



Broadband deployment makes Internet more efficient
But traffic volumes on the Internet increase due to new
applications or new service levels
Traffic on the Internet has to be managed by Internet Service
Providers (ISPs) in order to
 Avoid congestion
 Deliver services in an acceptable quality
 Save resources, energy, and costs

Methods for traffic management





Prioritization
Routing
Bandwidth shaping
Caching
Offloading
3
Michael Seufert
3

4. New Internet Applications

Trend: Applications are moved into the “cloud”










Video/music on demand
Live video/HD TV/music streaming
Video conferencing/VoIP
Remote desktop
Collaboration
File storage/sharing
Instant messaging
Gaming
Online social networks
Changes in Internet structure and content delivery
4
Michael Seufert
4

5. Yesterday: Internet Structure and VoD Traffic
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Content
Provider
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 3
Tier 3
Tier 3
5
Michael Seufert
5

6. Yesterday: Internet Structure and VoD Traffic
Traffic from content
provider produces
transit costs and may
have high delay
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Content
Provider
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 3
Tier 3
Tier 3
6
Michael Seufert
6

7. Changes: Internet Structure and VoD Traffic
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 3
Tier 3
Tier 3
7
Michael Seufert
7

8. Changes: Internet Structure and VoD Traffic
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Content providers
expand to global CDN
to save transit costs
and get content close
to users
Tier 1 ISP
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 3
Tier 3
Tier 3
8
Michael Seufert
8

9. Changes: Internet Structure and VoD Traffic
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Global Video
CDN
Cache
Tier 3
Tier 3
Tier 3
9
Michael Seufert
9

10. Changes: Internet Structure and VoD Traffic
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Global Video
CDN
Cache
Tier 3
Tier 3
Tier 2
Tier 2
Content providers offer
ISP
ISP
local caching services
to bring content closer
to users and to save
transit costs
Tier 3
10
Michael Seufert
10

11. Social Awareness

Social signals are ubiquitous
 Online Social Networks
– Friendships
– Interest
– Trust-relevant metadata
 Applications
– Call/messaging patterns
– Interaction patterns
– Content popularity
 Sensors
– Location

Social awareness
 Harvest social signals
 Extract and exploit information

 Goal: Improvement of a service
11
Michael Seufert
11

12. demand of item i λi(t)
Online Social
Network
λi(t)
Outlook: Towards Social Awareness

Use OSN
information to
predict demand
of video i λi(t)

Pre-fetch
trending videos

Improve local
cache hit ratios

Use unutilized
bandwidth in offpeak periods
t
User
File-Storage
Physical
Network
VoD
AccessNetwork
Content
Distribution
Network
InternetExchange
Point
local cache
capacitiy Γ(t)
Access-Network
12
Michael Seufert
12

13. Socially-Aware Traffic Management

N. Sastry, E. Yoneki, J. Crowcroft, “Buzztraq: Predicting
geographical access patterns of social cascades using social
networks“, Proceedings of the Second ACM EuroSys Workshop
on Social Network Systems, 2009
13
Michael Seufert
13

14. Socially-Aware Traffic Management

N. Sastry, E. Yoneki, J. Crowcroft, “Buzztraq: Predicting
geographical access patterns of social cascades using social
networks“, Proceedings of the Second ACM EuroSys Workshop
on Social Network Systems, 2009
14
Michael Seufert
14

15. Socially-Aware Traffic Management

N. Sastry, E. Yoneki, J. Crowcroft, “Buzztraq: Predicting
geographical access patterns of social cascades using social
networks“, Proceedings of the Second ACM EuroSys Workshop
on Social Network Systems, 2009
15
Michael Seufert
15

16. Socially-Aware Traffic Management

N. Sastry, E. Yoneki, J. Crowcroft, “Buzztraq: Predicting
geographical access patterns of social cascades using social
networks“, Proceedings of the Second ACM EuroSys Workshop
on Social Network Systems, 2009
 Prediction of future access to user generated content (e.g. videos)
 Generation of hints for replica placement and/or cache replacement
 Usually replica placement is based on access history (locations of
previous users)
 Add locations of potential future users (i.e., OSN friends of previous
users) to account for social cascades
 Social cascade prediction improves history-based placement if
content mainly spreads virally
 Useful for content which is not (yet) globally popular, otherwise CDN
16
Michael Seufert
16

17. Outlook: Exploiting Social Awareness
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Global Video
CDN
Cache
Tier 3
Tier 3
Tier 3
17
Michael Seufert
17

18. Outlook: Exploiting Social Awareness
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Global Video
CDN
Cache
Tier 3
User posts a video
which will be
watched by his
friend the next day
Tier 3
Tier 3
18
Michael Seufert
18

19. Outlook: Exploiting Social Awareness
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Video can be
Tier 1 ISPtransmitted to cache
during night (offpeak hours)
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Global Video
CDN
Cache
Tier 3
User posts a video
which will be
watched by his
friend the next day
Tier 3
Tier 3
19
Michael Seufert
19

20. Outlook: Exploiting Social Awareness
Tier 1 ISP
Tier 1 ISP
Video can be
Tier 1 ISPtransmitted to cache
during night (offpeak hours)
Global Video CDN
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 2
ISP
When user wants to
watch the video the
next day, it is
already in the cache
Global Video
CDN
Cache
Tier 3
User posts a video
which will be
watched by his
friend the next day
Tier 3
Tier 2
ISP
Tier 3
20
Michael Seufert
20

21. SmartenIT

Socially-aware Management of New
Overlay Application Traffic combined
with Energy Efficiency in the Internet

EC FP7 STREP No. 317846, Duration: Nov 2012 – Oct 2015
10 European partners (academia, network and cloud operators)
Incentive-compatible cross-layer
traffic management for


 Cloud service providers
 ISPs
 End-users

Exploitation of social awareness
 User relations
 Interests

Focus on energy efficiency
21
Michael Seufert
21

22. Discussion

Which services can benefit from socially-aware traffic
management?
 Traffic and requirement prediction
 Trusted communication
 …

Which social information is needed?
 Detail level
 Time scale
 …

How to collect this social information?






Social signals from various platforms
Collaboration with OSN
Crawling of data
Incentives for users to share their data
…
What about users„ privacy?
22
Michael Seufert
22

23. 23
Michael Seufert