2. INTRODUCTION
Honeybees play a vital role in the pollination of agricultural
crops
In recent years honey bee colony declines have reached
10-30% in Europe, 30% in the United States and up to
85% in Middle East, but such declines are not apparent in
South America, Africa and Australia (Kluser,2010)
The syndrome behind honeybee population decline is known
generally as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), which is
characterized by a rapid loss of adult worker bees (van
(Engelsdorp, 2009)
EMFs are mentioned as a cause of honeybee colony losses,
the sudden disappearance of honeybees, which is a huge
problem in the field of beekeeping (VanEngelsdorp et
al,2009)
3. There are several factors for CCD and they fall into
two main classes:
living organisms
human activity
Electromagnetic radiation can best be described as
waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together
(i.e. radiating ) through space .
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are physical fields that
are produced by a source of EMR. Electric fields are
associated with electric charge and magnetic fields with
the movement of electric charge.
4. Radiation Pattern of a Cell Tower
Antenna
People living within 50 to 300 meter radius are in the
high radiation zone (dark blue) and are more prone to
ill-effects of electromagnetic radiation
5. Proportion of studies on different
groups of organisms
Birds; 3%
Bees; 1%
Wildlife;2%
Other
Animals;
12%
Plants; 1%Human; 81%
Bees Wildlife Other
Animals
HumanPlantsBirds
Studies on EMF impacts
6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifteen boxes of bees were place at specified
locations. First three boxes were placed below the
mobile tower. After measuring 200m, 400m, 600m and
800m distance from the tower, three boxes were
placed at each location, respectively.
At each place 3 replications was taken. 6 Treatment
was considered at every place. Assuming first
treatment as a no. of bees (bees-strength), second,
third, fourth, fifth and sixth as area of honey, egg,
larva ,brood and pollen. Each were be measure after 14
days interval. The experiment was divided into 5 spot
with each spot different distances:
Spot 1: 0 m
Spot 2: 200 m
Spot 3: 400 m
Spot 4: 600 m
Spot 5: 800 m
30. Radiation at 0 m (beneath,the mobile
tower) during the year 2012
31. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Bees-strength in the starting of experiment in T1 (0
m, beneath, the mobile tower) was found to be
19,832.33 while, it was seen increased 26,053.33 at
the end of experiment, the first week of October,
under the influence of electromagnetic radiations
emitted from the mobile tower.
The overall progressive increased in honey area
recorded during the month of June-October, Area of
comb, filled with honey was increased 340.833 cm2
in
T1 (0m, beneath, the mobile tower) while, decreased
in -297.5 cm2
in T5 (800m) followed by T4 (600 m) in
266.2 cm2
, -264.734 cm2
in T3(400m) and -92.5cm2
in
T2(200m).
32. On the basis of observations recorded, it was
revealed that the area of egg was significantly
increased in T3 (T1102.5 cm2
) and T1 (23.334 cm2
)
whereas, it was found to be decreased in T2 (-34.167
cm2
), T5 (-13.836 cm2
) and T4 (- 6.667 cm2
).
The radiation was recorded during month of June-
October. Highest radiation was observed in T1 (E
=304.297 mV/m, B =541.22 µA/m and S =302.913 m
W/m2
) while minimum in T5 (E =7.088 mV/m, B =19.12
µA/m and S =0.132 m W/m2
) followed by T4 (E =7.198
mV/m, B =19.338 µA/m and S =0.0981 m W/m2
), T2
(E=10.663 mV/m, B= 24.08 µA/m and S =0.248 m
W/m2
) and T3 (E =20.826 mV/m, B =109.54 µA/m and
S=2.235 m W/m2
), respectively.
33. Conclusion
As per the present investigation, all treated
colonies with mobile tower radiation had
perform well as normal colony and none of these
colonies were perished during the experiment.
At 0 m (beneath,the mobile tower) area of
honey, brood, larva, egg, pollen all were
increased.
The present investigation would help to bee-
keepers of Tarai region of Uttrakhand where,
their bee hives were placed near the mobile
tower .No impact of electromagnetic radiations
of colony strength and bees survivorship.
