water resource engineering-I

1. Water
W t application
li ti
methods (Part – II)
WRE – I
UNIT- VI
Prof
P f S S JAHAGIRDAR
BE (CIVIL), ME(ENV.),PhD(persuing)
NK Orchid college of Engg and Tech , Solapur
Engg. Tech.

2. Contents
Drip irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation

3. 1] Drip irrigation
Also known as trickle irrigation
Drip irrigation refers to
application of water i small
li ti f t in ll
quantity at the rate of mostly less
than 12 Lit/hr as drops to the
zone of the plants through a
f h l h h
network of plastic pipes fitted
with emitters.

4. Components
i) HEAD EQUIPMENTS
a. Water source - Subsurface tank
b f k
b. Pump - Suction, monoblock pump,
delivery non return valve, gate valve
c. Filt station - S d filter, screen
Filter t ti Sand filt
filter, manifold and pressure gauge
d. Fertiliser application - Fertiliser
tank and ventury assembly

5. ii) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
e. Conveyance line - Main line sub
line,
main, laterals, minor tubes and end caps.
f. Drippers - P
f D i Pressure corresponding
di
drippers.
g. Valves - Non-return valve (NRV), Ball
valves,
valves Air release valve (ARV), flush
(ARV)
valves
h.
h Water meter - If necessary
f

9. Sand filter Types of Filters
SCREEN FILTER

10. Accessories

16. MERITS
1. Increased water use efficiency
2. Better crop yield
3. U if
3 Uniform and b tt quality of
d better lit f
the crops
p
4. Efficient and economic use or
fertilizer through fertigation
5. L
Less weed growth
d th

17. 6. Minimum damage to the soil
structure
7
7. Avoidance of leaf burn due to
saline soil
8. U
8 Usage i undulating areas and l
in d l ti d less
p
permeable soil
9. Labour saving
10. High uniformity suitable for
automization
11. No over irrigation

18. 11. Nutrients preservation
p
12. No soil erosion
13. Suitable for any topography.
14. Increase in net irrigable area
15. Cultivation of cash crops
l f h
16. Variation in application
6 V i ti i li ti
rate.
rate

19. DEMERITS
1. Clogging of d i
l i f drippers
2. Ch i l precipitation
Chemical i it ti
3.
3 Salt accumulation at wetting
front

20. 1] Sprinkler irrigation
In the sprinkler method of irrigation
irrigation,
water is sprayed into the air and
allowed to f ll on the ground surface
ll d fall h d f
somewhat resembling rainfall. The
g
spray is developed by the flow of
water under pressure through small
orifices or nozzles. The pressure is
usually obtained by pumping.

21. Advantages of sprinkler irrigation
Elimination of the channels for conveyance,
therefore no conveyance loss
Suitable to all types of soil except heavy clay
Suitable for irrigating crops where the plant
population per unit area i very hi h It i most
l ti it is high. is t
suitable for oil seeds and vegetable crops
Water saving
Closer control of water application
pp
convenient for giving light and frequent
irrigation and
higher water application efficiency

22. Increase in yield
Mobility of system
May also be used for undulating area
Saves land as no bunds etc. are required
Areas located at a higher elevation than
the source can be irrigated
Possibility of using soluble fertilizers and
chemicals
Less problem of clogging of sprinkler
nozzles due to sediment laden water

26. Traveling Volume Gun Sprinkler Irrigating from
Lagoon
g

27. Portable Solid-Set Sprinkler System
Solid-

28. Fairway Runoff Research Plots
at OSU Turf Research Farm

29. Side-
Side-Roll Sprinkler Lateral in Peanuts

30. Center Pivot System with Spray Pad
Sprinklers

31. Components
(i) A pump unit
(ii) Tubings - main/ sub mains and
laterals
l t l
( )
(iii) Couplers
p
(iv) Sprinkler head
(v) O h
( ) Other accessories such as valves,
i h l
bends, plugs and risers.

36. Constraints in application of
sprinkler irrigation (Demerits)
(i)
( ) Uneven water distribution due to
high winds.
(ii) E
Evaporation l
ti loss when operating
h ti
under high temperatures.
g p
(iii) Highly impermeable soils are not
suitable.
it bl
(iv) Initial cost is high.

37. No wind
Elongated parallel pattern

38. (viii) More water requirement as
compared to drip irrigation.
d d i i i i
(ix) High water pressure
required in sprinkler (>2.5
kg/cm 2).
(x) Difficulty in irrigation during
wind in sprinkler .
i di i kl

39. UNIVERSITY
Q
QUESTIONS

40. •Write detailed note on drip irrigation. Also
draw layout of drip irrigation system showing
different components.
(Nov
(N 2008 N 2007 8 marks, M 2007 N
Nov 2007,8 k May Nov
2006 ,10 marks)
•Write detailed note on Sprinkler method of
irrigation. Also draw layout of sprinkler
irrigation system showing different components.
(May 2006 ,8 marks)
•Draw and discuss layout of a drip irrigation
system with its suitability
suitability.
(Nov 2009, 6 marks)

41. •Discuss the drip irrigation and sprinkler
irrigation methods with their suitability
suitability.
(May 2009, 7 marks)
•Discuss the sprinkler irrigation system in
details with layout, advantages, limitations
and suitability.
(May 2010,
(M 2010 7 marks) k)
•Discuss the sprinkler irrigation system in
p g y
details with their advantages and
disadvantages.
disadvantages
(Nov 2010, 8 marks)