Vitamins and Minerals
PRESENTED BY ; SHOAIB KHATTAK
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Key points
 what is vitamins ?
 Types of vitamins
 Benefits
 Deficiencies
 Sources
 What is minerals ?
 Types
 Role in our body
 Deficiencies
 Sources
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Vitamins
 The word vitamin comes from Greek word (vitamine) means vital
for life .
 A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely
related chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an essential
micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the
proper functioning of its metabolism.
 Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either
at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be
obtained through the diet.
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Types
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Benefits
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Deficiencies
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Vitamin Deficiency Vitamin Deficiency
Vit A Night blindness Vit B7 Dermititis
Vit B1 Beriberi disease Vit B9 & B12 Megaloblastic anemia
Vit B2 Ariboflavinosis Vit B17 Cancer
Vit B3 Pellagra Vit C Scurvy and gum
Vit B5 Pareshthesia Vit D Rickets & osteomalacia
Vit B6 Anemia Vit E Infertility

Sources
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Minerals
 Minerals are inorganic compounds originated in the earth.
 All the minerals are not needed in the body.
 They are indestructable and are less vulnerable to heat
and chemicals agents .
 Minerals in water and soil easily find their way to the
body through plants and animals .
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Types
 Minerals are of two types
 Macrominerals
 they are required in amount greater than 100mg/day .
 It includes calcium , phosphorus . Magnesium , sodium ,
potassium and cholrine .
 Micro minerals
 They are required in amount less than 100 mg/day .
 It includes iron , copper , fluoride , iodine , manganese ,
selenium and zinc .
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Advantages
Macro Mineral Role in body
Sodium Electrolyte balance
Magnesium Controls stress
Calcium Strengthening bones
Potassium Control Blood pressure
Phosphorus Strengthening bones
Chlorine Helps in digestion
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Micro mineral Role in body
Iron Oxygenation of blood
Copper Regulate lipids amount
Floride Strengthening teaths
Iodine Thyroid control
Manganese Anti oxidant defense
Zinc Improve immunity
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Deficiency
Mineral Associated disorder
Iodine Goiter,hypothyroidism.infant mortility
Calcium Dicreased bone mineralization,rickets, osteoporosis
Iron Anemia ,reduced learning ability , maternal and infant
mortility
Low birth weight
Zinc Poor pregnancy outcomes
Impaired growth , decreased resistance to infections
Flouride Increased tooth decay
Selenium Cardiomyopathy.increased risk of cancer .
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Sources of minerals
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Any Question ?
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