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Climate Change and Emerging
Infectious and Vector Diseases
Presented By:
Shisam Neupane
BPH 6th sem
KAHS
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Content
• Climate change
• Causes and Consequences of Climate Change
• Impact on Health
• Emerging Infectious and Vector Borne Diseases
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What is Climate?
• Climate is the average weather of a region or area over a
period of time.
• Elements of climate include:
Humidity
Precipitation
Temperature
Wind
Air pressure
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Climate Change; Its causes and
consequences
• It is a change of climate which is attributed directly or
indirectly to human along with natural activity that
alters the composition of the global atmosphere and
which is observed over comparable time periods.
• Causes;
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Anthropogenic Natural
Deforestation Volcano eruption
Increased use of fossil fules Forest fire
Industries Meteorites
Chemical Fertilizers Methane emission from
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Consequences
• Extremities in temperature (both frequency and
intensity)
• Change in precipitation
• Less snowfall
• High snow melting rate
• Rising sea levels
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Consequences…..
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Direct Impact on Human Health
• Change in exposure to weather extremes
(heatwaves, winter cold);
• Increase in floods, cyclones, droughts etc.;
• Increased production of air pollutants and
aeroallergens
• Increase in infectious and vector borne disease
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Emerging Vector-borne and Infectious
Diseases
• Climate change , acting via less direct mechanisms,
would affect the transmission of many infectious
diseases; especially water, food and vector-borne
diseases
• For vector-borne infections, the distribution and
abundance of vector organisms and intermediate
hosts are affected by various physical (temperature,
precipitation, humidity, surface water etc.) and
biotic factors (vegetation, host species, predators,
parasites, human interventions etc.)
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Emerging Vector-borne….
• It has been found that an increase in
temperature would cause net increase in the
geographical distribution of particular vector
organisms (eg. Malarial mosquitoes)
• Most vector-borne disease exhibit a distinct
seasonal pattern, it suggests that they are
weather sensitive.
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Contd…
• Also, CC brings changes in the life cycle of both
vector species and pathogenic organisms (flukes,
protozoa, bacteria and viruses). This increase the
potential transmission of many vector borne
diseases such as malaria, dengue, (mosquito),
leishmaniasis(sandfly)
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Contd…
• CC may pose threats for water-borne and food-
borne infectious diseases;
• Change in precipitation, humidity, salinity,
temperature have a great effect on the quality of
water used for drinking, recreation, and
commerce;
• Heavy rainfall along with floods has been
associated with water-borne disease outbreaks;
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Contd…
• Temperature also influence occurrence of
bacterial agents, survival of viral pathogens etc.
• Also, it may limit access to water for drinking,
sanitation, increase the concentration of
pollutants and reduce the self cleaning capacity
of sewers.
• It causes diseases like diarrhea, cholera, worm
infestation, eye infections, common cold,
typhoid and many more.
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Conclusion
• Throughout the world, the prevalence of some
disease and other threats to human health depend
largely on local climate.
• Given the complexity of factors that influence
human health, assessing health impacts related to
climate change poses a difficult challenge.
• Extreme temperatures can lead to loss of life, while
climate-related disturbances in ecological systems,
such as changes in the range of infective parasite,
can directly impact the incidence of serious
infectious diseases.
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Contd…
• In addition, it can increase air and
water pollution, which in turn harm
human health.
• It is necessary to combat the impacts of global
climate change through various strategies and
measures.
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Thank You!
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