1.
The history of Australia refers to the history of the area and people
of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and
colonial societies. Aboriginal Australians are believed to have first
arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast
Asia between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago. The artistic,
musical and spiritual traditions they established are among the
longest surviving such traditions in human history.
The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch
navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty-nine other Dutch
navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th
century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan
trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly
earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770,
Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great
Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation atBotany
Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.

2.
 A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788[1] to
establish a penal colony. In the century that followed, the British
established other colonies on the continent, and European
explorers ventured into its interior. Indigenous Australians were greatly
weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced diseases and
conflict with the colonists during this period.
 Gold rushes and agricultural industries brought prosperity.
Autonomous Parliamentary democracies began to be established
throughout the six British colonies from the mid-19th century. The
colonies voted by referendum to unite in a federation in 1901, and
modern Australia came into being. Australia fought on the side of
Britain in the two world wars and became a long-standing ally of the
United States when threatened by Imperial Japan during World War II.
Trade with Asia increased and a post-war immigration program
received more than 6.5 million migrants from every continent.
Supported by immigration of people from more than 200 countries
since the end of World War II, the population increased to more than
23 million by 2014, and sustains the world's 12th largest national
economy.

3.
12 Top-Rated Tourist
Attractions in Australia
Australia is a land of dreams. From the sacred legends of
the aboriginal Dreamtime when the great spirits conjured
the coral reefs, rainforests, and scorched, red deserts, to
armchair travelers who describe Australia as their dream
destination, the Land Down Under deserves all the hype.
The world's smallest continent and largest island,
Australia is almost the same size as the United States, but
with a population the size of New York State and some of
the quirkiest wildlife on the planet.

4.
Sydney Opera House
Mention "Sydney, Australia" and most people think of the
Opera House. Shaped like huge shells or billowing sails,
this breathtaking building on Sydney's Bennelong Point
graces the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is one
of the world's great architectural icons. The location is
stunning. Water surrounds the structure on three sides and
the Royal Botanic Gardens border it to the south. Danish
architect, Jørn Utzon won an international competition for
its design, but withdrew from the project after technical
and financing problems. Construction was finally
completed in 1973 at a cost ten times the original budget.
By this time Utzon had left the country never returning to
see his magnificent creation.

5.
Sydney Opera House

6.
Great Barrier Reef
 Visible from outer space, the World Heritage-listed Great Barrier
Reef is one of the largest living structures on the planet. In 1975
the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park was established to protect its
fragile ecosystems, which include more than 3,000 coral reefs; 600
continental islands, including the beautiful Whitsunday group;
300 coral cays; and inshore mangrove islands. One of the seven
wonders of the natural world, the park stretches for 2,300 km along
the state of Queensland, on Australia's east coast (that's about the
distance between Mexico and Vancouver). Diving and snorkeling
are spectacular. The astounding array of marine life includes soft
and hard corals, more than 1,600 species of tropical fish, sharks,
dugongs, dolphins, turtles, rays, and giant clams. Those who prefer
to stay dry can view the reef from underwater viewing stations and
glass bottom boats. On the mainland, Cairns, Port Douglas, and
Airlie Beach are the main launching points for tours.

7.
Great Barrier Reef

8.
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
 Deep in the heart of the Australia's Red
Centre, Uluru(formerly Ayers Rock), is one of the most
photographed natural wonders in the country. The striking red
monolith forms the centerpiece of Uluru-Kata Tjuta National
Park, a World Heritage Area jointly managed by Parks Australia
and the traditional landowners, the Aṉangu people. Uluru,
meaning "shadowy place" in the local aboriginal dialect, rises to
a height of 348 m from the surrounding plain with most of its
bulk hidden beneath the earth's surface. Also in the park are the
red dome-shaped rocks called Kata Tjuta (the Olgas). As the
sun dips in the sky, visitors gather to watch Uluru and Kata Tjuta
transform in the shifting light. A great way to appreciate these
sacred structures is to join a tour around the sites led by
Aboriginal guides and rangers.

9.
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park

10.
Sydney Harbour Bridge
 Along with the Opera House, the Sydney Harbour
Bridge is one of Australia's most famous icons.
Affectionately called "the Coathanger", this impressive
feat of construction is the largest steel arch bridge in
the world. It was completed in 1932, 40 years before the
Sydney Opera House. Rising 134 m above the harbor,
the bridge spans 500 m connecting Sydney's north
shore to the central business district. In addition to the
pedestrian path, two railway lines extend over the
bridge as well as eight lanes for road traffic, the
direction of which can be switched to accommodate
traffic flow.

11.
Sydney Harbour Bridge

12.
Blue Mountains National Park
 A UNESCO World Heritage Site, beautiful Blue Mountains
National Park lies 81 km west of Sydney and is a popular
day trip from the city. Named for the blue haze emanating
from the many eucalyptus trees, this stunning park
protects more than 664,000 acres of bush land and
encompasses dramatic gorges, waterfalls, aboriginal rock
paintings, and 140 km of hiking trails. The most famous
attractions in the park are the towering sandstone rock
formations called the Three Sisters. Other highlights
include the Katoomba Scenic Railway, the world's
steepest, which whisks passengers down the Jamison Valley
through a cliff side tunnel into an ancient rainforest.
Hiking, abseiling, rock climbing, mountain biking, and
horseback riding are all popular things to do in the park.

13.
Blue Mountains National Park

14.
Bondi Beach
 Bronzed bodies, blond sand, backpackers, and surf - throw it all
together and you get one of the world's most famous beaches.
Only 15 minutes by car from the city center, Bondi Beach is home
to one of the oldest surf life-saving clubs in the world. It's also a
great spot for a seaside stroll or picnic. The scenic Bondi to
Bronte coastal walk begins at the southern end of the beach and
follows the coastline for 6 km along sandstone cliffs. Shops,
cafes, and restaurants lie across the street from this famous
coastal strip, and the beach is a hotspot on Christmas Day and
New Year's Eve. Tourists and locals alike visit the Sunday markets
and frolic at the ocean pool and skate park. Strong rip tides often
sweep unsuspecting swimmers out to sea, especially at the
southern end of this kilometer-long strand, so swimmers should
stay between the flags. There's a reason the Aussies made a
reality TV show called "Bondi Rescue."

15.
Bondi Beach

16.
Kakadu National Park
 Kakadu National Park, in the Top End or the Northern Territory,
is a World Heritage Site and one of the planet's great wilderness
areas. Covering more than 19,840 sq km, Kakadu is the largest
national park in Australia and the second largest in the world.
Within its borders lie monsoon rainforests, mangrove swamps,
rivers, gorges, ancient rock paintings, wetlands, and waterfalls as
well as an astounding diversity of wildlife. In addition to the
many mammals and reptiles, more than 300 different species of
birds make their home here, and visitors may spot saltwater
crocodiles prowling the wetlands. Visitors can view the park's
diverse ecosystems by car, air, on foot via the vast network of
hiking trails, or by boat on the rivers or floodplains. During the
wet season (Nov-April), many roads and attractions close due to
heavy flooding.

17.
Kakadu National Park

18.
INTRODUCTION:
 Building innovation with technologies in school education is
providing Australian educators with the opportunity to
reconceptualise teaching and learning in the 21st century.
Inquiry-based, project-based and personalised learning
pedagogies that include technologies aimed at building
innovation capabilities in students are emerging in Australian
schools, and they are being promoted through government
policies.

19.
 In the 21st century Australia’s capacity to provide
a high quality of life for all will depend on the ability
to compete in the global economy on knowledge
and innovation.
 As a foundation for success in all learning areas, it
states that students will have the essential skills in
literacy and numeracy and be creative and
productive users of technology, especially ICT.

20.
EDUCATION SYSTEM

21.
Education in Australia
Australia enjoys a worldwide reputation for
academic excellence, offering internationally recognized
qualifications with immediate employment and career
development opportunities. The Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
currently ranks Australia's education as the eighth best
in the world and, according to UNESCO figures,
Australia has one of the highest ratios of enrolment in
primary and secondary education in the world.

22.
The Education Structure
The educational structure in Australia follows
a three tier model that includes primary
education (primary schools), followed by
secondary education (secondary schools/high
schools) and tertiary education (universities
and/or Vocational Education and Training).
Schools can be classified according to
sources of funding and administrative structures.
There are three such categories in Australia:
Government schools (also known as public
schools or state schools) Catholic schools

23.
•The most prestigious, wealthiest and oldest
universities in Australia are known as the Group
of Eight (Go8).
•Most students are Commonwealth supported,
which means that they are only required to pay a
part of the cost of tuition, called the "student
contribution", while the Commonwealth pays the
balance.
•In addition, qualified students may be entitled to
Youth Allowance or Austudy payments to assist
them financially while they are studying. These
support payments are means and assets tested.
Further assistance is available in the form of
scholarships.

24.
Technology in Australia
Australia is known for adopting new technologies at a
faster rate than most other countries in the world; for
example, it entered the new millennium with one of the
highest rates of internet access in the world. Scientists
and researchers from Australia have been responsible
for many major breakthroughs and technological
developments around the world. In fact, Australia boasts
eights Nobel Prize recipients—not bad for a country with
a population of about 19 million.

25.
Australia has a tradition of world class research and
development, which has benefitted millions around the world.
Australia also boasts the world famous Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), the largest
government research and development agency in Australia. It is one
of the largest and most diverse research institutions in the world, and
is involved in more than 750 research activities with scientific
organizations and agencies in more than 80 countries. It conducts
research in fields such as health, agribusiness, information
technology, manufacturing, sustainable energy, mining and minerals,
Research in Australia

26.
UNIVERSITIES IN
AUSTRALIA

27.
The most prestigious,
wealthiest and oldest
universities in Australia
known as the Group of
Eight (Go8).

28.
A research laboratory designed to enhance
interactivity and collaborative research.
Digitally rendered concrete panels on the
side and back elevations symbolize the
research work of the school through
simplified icons of molecules and codified
representations of the DNA strand.

29.
University of Melbourne is a public school. It’s
consistently ranked among the leading
universities in the world, with its international
peers placing it in the top 20 worldwide, and
employers placing it in the top 10. In the recent
Times Higher Education rankings of the world’s
top 200 universities, Melbourne ranked top in
Australia and 36 in the world.

30.
The University of Queensland, also known as
UQ, is a public university located in
Brisbane, Australia. Founded in 1909, it is the
oldest university in Queensland and the fifth
in the nation. The world’s first cervical
cancer vaccine was pioneered at UQ.

31.
Founded in 1949, the UNSW boasts a
matriculation of 40,000 students, 7,000 of
which are students from around the world
from more than 130 countries. Programs
offered at the UNSW include 600
undergraduate and 300 postgraduate
courses.

32.
The University of Sydney is the oldest
tertiary institution in the whole of
Australia and was founded in 1850. Many
graduates from the University of Sydney
are leaders, both nationally and on the
world stage, in government, business,
industry, the arts and sporting arena.

33.
University of Monash claim to be Australia’s
“most internationalized university” is well
supported by facts: The eight campuses of
the University are spread out over a huge
geographic span that includes Malaysia,
South Africa, and Prato in Italy, not to
mention the campuses in Australia.

34.
 The University of Western Australia
(UWA) was established in February 1911.
To date UWA has produced close to 100
Rhodes Scholars and a Nobel Prize
winner.

35.
The University of Adelaide is consistently
ranked within the top 1% of universities
worldwide. Established in 1874, it is the
third oldest university in Australia.

36.
Facilities

37.
Top Universities in Australia
2015/16
 Australian National University (ANU)
 Ranked joint 19th in the world alongside King’s College
London, Australian National University (ANU) is
located in the country’s capital, Canberra, and is the
only university to have been created by the Parliament
of Australia. It is particularly highly regarded for its
politics, linguistics, geography and science courses.

38.
University of Melbourne
 The University of Melbourne is currently ranked
42nd in the world, and has been ranked especially well
for its education, accounting, psychology and
medicine degrees.

39.
University of Sydney
 Ranked 45th in the world, the University of Sydney’s
main campus in the inner-city suburbs has also been
ranked in the top 10 of the world’s most beautiful
universities by The Daily Telegraph.

40.
University of New South Wales
(UNSW)
 Also located in Sydney, UNSW is ranked joint 46th in
the world alongside fellow Australian institution, the
University of Queensland. It is a founding member of
the Group of Eight, a coalition of top universities in
Australia with a core focus on research, and of
Universitas 21, a leading global network of research
universities.

41.
University of Queensland (UQ)
 Also joint 46th in the world rankings, the University of
Queensland (UQ) is primarily located in Brisbane and
is the oldest university in Queensland, having been
founded in 1909. It has produced many notable
alumni, including Geoffrey Rush and Nobel Laureate
Dr Peter Doherty.

42.
Monash University
 Ranked 67th in the world, Monash University in
Victoria was named after the prominent Australian
general Sir John Monash and is home to major
research facilities such as the Australian Stem Cell
Center.

43.
University of Western Australia
(UWA)
 The University of Western Australia (UWA), located in
Perth, is ranked 98th in the world rankings this year
and is another research-intensive university. Its
campus is known for its vibrant social, cultural and
sporting life as well as its beauty.

44.
University of Adelaide
 Ranked joint 113th in the world alongside the University
of Science and Technology of China, the University of
Adelaide is the third oldest university in Australia and
is a member of the Group of Eight.

45.
University of Technology, Sydney
(UTS)
 Ranked 218th in the world, climbing 46 places from last
year’s ranking, UTS attracts students from all over the
world. With over 37,000 students in total, it is one of
the largest universities in Australia.

46.
Macquarie University
 Another Sydney-based institution, Macquarie
University is ranked joint 229th in the world alongside
Victoria University of Wellington, and is home to
11,000 international students from over 100 countries,
making it one of the most international universities in
the world.

47.
 More top universities in Australia…
 11. University Of Wollongong – ranked joint 243rd in the
world.
 12. University of Newcastle – ranked joint 256th in the
world.
 13. Queensland University of Technology (QUT) –
ranked joint 263rd in the world.
 14. Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) –
ranked joint 273rd in the world.
 15. Curtin University – ranked joint 284th in the world.
 16. University of South Australia (UNISA) – ranked
288th in the world.
 17. Deakin University – ranked joint 324th in the world.
 18. Griffith University – ranked joint 329th in the world.
 19. University of Tasmania – ranked 379th in the world.
 20. James Cook University – ranked joint 387th in the
world.

48.
 21. La Trobe University – ranked joint 394th in the world.
 22. Bond University – ranked 501-550 in the world.
 23. Flinders University – ranked 501-550 in the world.
 24. Swinburne University of Technology – ranked 501-550 in
the world.
 25. Charles Darwin University – ranked 551-600 in the world.
 26. Murdoch University – ranked 551-600 in the world.
 27. University of Canberra – ranked 551-600 in the world.
 28. Victoria University – ranked 601-650 in the world.
 29. University of New England – ranked 651-700 in the world.
 30. University of Western Sydney – ranked 651-700 in the
world.
 31. Charles Sturt University – ranked 701+ in the world.
 32. Edith Cowan University (ECU) – ranked 701+ in the world.
 33. University of Southern Queensland – ranked 701+ in the
world.