Chapter 19, bju Press, World History, 4th ed.

1. Chapter 19-bju Press
PEP NKY

2.  Definition:
 Extension of power by one people or country over
another country
 Industrialized nations sought new overseas
territories as sources for
▪ Raw materials for their factories
▪ Markets for their industrial goods
▪ Empires to symbolize their power and glory
▪ Economic and political movement
▪ Provided opportunity for missionary outreach
▪ Great Commission: “Go ye into all the world, and preach
the gospel to every creature” (Mark 16:15)

3.  http://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo
 With, you guessed it, John Green (skip open letter)
 Things to make note of (yes, on a piece of paper)
 What did the British offer the Chinese in trade that created a lot
of drug addicts?
▪ Opium-1830s British free trade policy unleased a flood of the drug on China
 Then the Chinese threatened to cut off trade in?
▪ Rhubarb, silk, and tea-Chinese produced without which foreigners could not live!
 What happened to the monkeys?!
▪ Nothing-do not strap fireworks to the back of monkeys!
 What was the result of theTreaty of Nanjing?
▪ Britain got Hong Kong and five other treaty ports, and equivalent of $2
billion in cash
 What does prolific mean?
▪ Abundant, a lot of

4.  Why is Africa called the “Dark Continent?”
 Mysterious to Europeans
 Did not have Christ
 Africa is the ________ largest continent
 Second
 ________ % of the world’s population lives in
Africa.
 Thirteen
 _________ % Africa’s land is desert.
 Forty

7.  Europeans wanted colonies to get what?
 Sources of raw materials-cotton, copper, iron, rubber-used in
industrialization
 Why did Europeans not take over Africa until the last 19th century?
 Africans were not devastated by diseases like smallpox because had it
and were immune
 Africa had its own diseases-yellow fever, malaria, sleeping sickness
 Nagana killed horses
 No horses-no transportation
 What allowed European to conquer Africa?
▪ Technology
▪ Steamship
▪ Quinine-anti-malaria drug
▪ Guns!
▪ Maxim machine gun
 European imperialism involved?
 A lot of fighting and dying

8.  Imperialist leaders pirates?
 Heads of European states
pirates in disguise?
 Gilbert & Sullivan: Pirates
of Penzance
 https://youtu.be/q2j90qg_5_w
 Satire?
 Sinks more ships that a
real monarch ought to do?

9.  Portuguese Catholic priests-Central Africa-16th-
18th centuries
 British and American evangelical Protestant
missionary movements-18th-19th centuries
 David Livingstone, 1813-1873
▪ https://youtu.be/fY2gr7h6OlU - 3 points
 Helped to end the slave trade
 Moderated effects of colonial greed that had
exploited African resources
 Promoted development of native Christian
churches

10.  Family in theYoruba country on
the Niger River
 1821-slave traders attacked
village
 Killed his father and took Adjai,
his mother, 2 sisters prisoner
 Adjai put on Portuguese slave ship
 Two British warships stopped the slave ship
before leaving Africa-freed slaves
 British took Adjai to Liberia-missionary took
care of him
 Adjai became a Christian and changed name to
Samuel Adjai Crowther

11.  American expanse westward
 What was the purchase PresidentThomas
Jefferson made in 1803 that added more than
800,000 square miles of French territory to the
U.S.?
 Louisiana Purchase
 Bought from whom?
▪ Napoleon
 For how much?
▪ $15 million

12.  How did the US expand its borders from theAtlantic to
the Pacific?
 Settlement
 Purchase
 War
 What additional territory was added in 1867?
 Alaska
 Who did the US buy it from?
 Russia
 By the end of the 19th century, the US also controlled?
 Hawaii
 Cuba
 Puerto Rico
 The Philippines

14.  In 1823 President James Monroe
instituted the ______ Doctrine.
 Monroe
 What did it mean?
 Policy of neutrality and isolation from European politics
 America not interested in “entangling alliances”
 What did Monroe say about N. and S. America?
▪ US would regard any attempt by Europe to extend her control “to
any portion of this [Western] hemisphere as dangerous to our
peace and safety.
 What did Monroe promise Europe?
▪ US would not interfere in European affairs

15.  By whom?
 French emperor Napoleon III
 Wanted empire in New World
 Sent French troops into Mexico
 Named Austrian archduke Maximilian in charge of Mexico
(Maximilian I of Mexico)
 Infringement of Monroe Doctrine
 What did the US not respond?
▪ Middle of CivilWar
▪ Dates?
▪ 1861-65
▪ After war over, what happened?
▪ American army on Mexican border, forced Napoleon III to withdraw his troops
▪ What happened to Maximilian?
 Captured and executed by Mexican forces in 1867
 gave his executioners a portion of gold not to shoot him in the head so that his
mother could see his face.

16.  What happened in 1898 in Havana Harbor?
 Battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded
 Killed 268 (book says 260)American sailors
 Who did the U.S. blame?
 Spain
▪ http://ezproxy.bcpl.org:2048/login?url=http://avod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=10412
5&xtid=8334&loid=13090
 What happened as a result?
 U.S. Congress declared war and sent troops to Cuba
 What happened as a result of this action?
 Spanish-American war:
▪ Spain gave US Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines
▪ Battle of Manila Bay
▪ http://ezproxy.bcpl.org:2048/login?url=http://avod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=10412
5&xtid=8334&loid=13090
 What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
 PresidentTheodore Roosevelt
 US claimed right to intervene in any Latin American country

17.  First MediaWar
 Spain-worldwide empire-high point late 1700
 1898- losing areas frequently
 Cuba too hard to govern-minor revolution
breaks out
 Bad news for Americans who owned Cuban
sugar, tobacco and iron market homes valued at
over $50 million (worth ca. $1.2 billion today)
 Enter the newspapers!
"If it bleeds, it leads"

18.  Newspapers – Make News!/Fake News?/Lies?
 Sensationalized & manufactured dramatic events
 Melodrama
 Romance
 Hyperbole
 Joseph Pulitzer, 1847-1911
 William Randolph Hearst, 1863-1951
 Cuba-Hearst's star reporters ordered to write stories designed to tug at
the heartstrings of Americans
 female prisoners, executions, valiant rebels fighting, starving women and
children , Spanish cannibalism, inhumane torture
 Created a war with Cuba would sell papers & give Hearst power
 sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor that gave Hearst his big story
 no evidence that Spain responsible for sinking
 Newspapers blamed the Spanish
 Moved U.S. public opinion to demand intervention/retaliation

20. Who was president of the United States at
this time?
William McKinley (1843-1901) – 25th
president of the United States-Republican
candidate for president in 1896, he
defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan

21.  Army grew from 28,000 to 275,000
 What killed more American soldiers than battle?
 6 dead from disease (typhoid) for every 1 killed in
battle or died of his wounds
Disease!

22.  Australia and New Zealand – exploration
 First European settlers were?
 Convicts
 Britain had sent convicts to penal colonies in the US
before the war-where?
▪ Georgia (North America)
 Were the Australian convicts dangerous criminals?
▪ Imprisoned for either minor crimes or debt

23.  European name-Australia is on opposite side of earth from Europe
and North America
 Southern Hemisphere
 Seasons are?
▪ Opposite to the Northern Hemisphere
 Kangaroos
 Koalas
 Tasmanian devils
 https://youtu.be/c54SvkgQ04A
 Aborigines
 “Those who are from the
beginning”
 Original inhabitants of
Australia
 Traded with Indonesians
-not isolated

24.  Originally 500 different clans
 Hunter-gathers
 200-250 different languages
 Did not always know about each other
 Common belief
 Land was sacred
 Most sacred site Uluru or Ayers Rock in central Australia
 Believe that the right to use land and a duty to care for
and preserve that land
 Storytelling
▪ Dreamtime stories—time before time
▪ https://youtu.be/jg1TEzn7Fyk - Didgeridoo
Uluru or Ayers Rock
Large sandstone rock formation in the southern
part of the NorthernTerritory-central. 208 mi.
south west of the nearest large town, Alice
Springs.

25.  Survived using available natural resources
 Invented unique tools
 Ate many things
 Moths
▪ Roasted: Sifted them in a net to remove heads, legs, wings-roasted
bodies in sand before eating
▪ Moth cake: mashed into a paste and baked
 Grubs
▪ Raw or cooked in ashes
 Ants
 Termites
 Honeybees
 Cockroaches
 Caterpillars

26.  Dislodged aborigines from ancestral lands
 Shrinking areas-hardly any place for them
 Recently Australian government recognize
aboriginal claims
 Who were the Europeans who came to
Australia?
 1770-Capt. James COOK took possession of the east
coast in the name of Great Britain
 All of Australia claimed as British territory in 1829
 Commonwealth of Australia in 1901

27.  Smallest and flattest continent
 Driest inhabited continent
 Average annual rainfall only 17 inches
 Last continent to be settled by Europeans
 Americans voting on the U.S. Constitution same year
 Most sparsely populated
 Only continent united under one national flag
 Island
 Only inhabited continent with no land bridge to
another continent
 Only continent exceptAntarctica completely in
Southern Hemisphere
 Warmer in the north than the south

28.  Exotic animals not found elsewhere
▪ Kangaroos
▪ Small muskrat
▪ Giant red-taller than a man-Hops 30 miles an hour
▪ word comes from aboriginal language GuuguYimithirr-gangurru
▪ First recorded as "kangooroo or kanguru" on 4 August 1770, by
Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook on the banks of
the Endeavour River at the site of modern Cooktown, when HM
Bark Endeavour was beached for almost seven weeks to repair
damage sustained on the Great Barrier Reef

29.  http://youtu.be/S0ZbykXlg6Q
 What is it?
 Kookaburra
 Large and noisy bird
 Lives in Australia,Tasmania, New Guinea
 East large insects, small reptiles, amphibians
 Doesn’t drink any water
 Get it from food

30.  Ostriches
 World’s largest birds
 Emus
 World’s second
largest birds
 Cassowarys
 World’s third
largest birds

31.  Freshwater mammal
 Lays eggs
 Tail like a beaver
 Bill and webbed feet like a duck
 Streamlined body like an otter
 Spur on both hind legs injects venom into its
victims
 Stores food in cheek pouches
 Last clue!~Lives in lakes and rives on the east coast
of Australia
 Platypus!!!

32.  First white settlers on the New Zealand islands?
 Escaped convicts fromAustralia and deserters from
British ships
 Before them-brown-skinned people settled
 Maori from Polynesia
 Aborigines from Asia - a darker race in Australia
 Maori more warlike and resisted European advance
 Sometimes ate defeated foes
 9.7% of New Zealand’s population

33.  Britain takes over India
 Power to the British East India Company
 Old Charter-company protected Indian religious
practices
▪ Thuggee-Indian caste robbed, strangled, hacked apart,
buried unsuspecting victims
▪ Act of worship to goddess Bhavani (Kali)
▪ What English word do we get from this?
 Thug

34.  Religious practices
 Suttee
▪ Widow throws herself on dead husband’s funeral pyre
▪ Sanskrit sati (“good woman” or “chaste wife”)
 Custom-suspend person by hooks in the tendons of
his back
▪ Offering to the gods
 In 1813, British East India Co. adopted new charter
▪ Help missionaries to get rid of heathen practices
▪ ImposedWestern ways on Indian society
▪ What do you think happened because of this?

35.  Sepoys were?
 Native Indian troops of the East India Co.
 What happened in 1857?
 Rifle cartridges introduced
▪ What did a soldier have to do to a cartridge to use it?
▪ Bite off the end
 Greased with sheep fat to keep powder dry
▪ Rumors spread-said what?
▪ Greased was from cows and pigs
▪ Why was this an problem?
 Cows sacred to Hindus
 Pigs unclean for Muslims
 https://youtu.be/MV0fYMIvtyU

36.  Who were the first
Europeans to settle
South Africa?
 Dutch
 What colony did they establish on the southern tip
of Africa?
 CapeTown
 What were the Dutch colonists called and what
does it mean?
 Boers – Farmers
 Boers also known as Afrikaners

37.  What was discovered in 1867?
 Diamonds and gold
 https://youtu.be/L-9sd5Q_ifQ
 First and only war-both sides used bicycles

38.  What killed more British troops than combat?
 10 British troops died of disease for each 1 who
died in combat or from combat-related wounds
DISEASE!

39.  British put ¼ of Boer population in
concentration camps
 26, 370 women and children died of disease in
the camps
Emily Hobhouse (1860-1926), an English philanthropist and social worker who
tried to improve the plight of women and children in the camps, obtains
permission to visit concentration camps.
https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/Boer-War-Concentration-Camps
Some people in town still assert that the Camp is a haven
of bliss. I was at the camp to-day, and just in one little
corner this is the sort of thing I found –The nurse,
underfed and overworked, just sinking on to her bed,
hardly able to hold herself up, after coping with some
thirty typhoid and other patients, with only the untrained
help of two Boer girls–cooking as well as nursing to do
herself. Next tent, a six months' baby gasping its life out
on is mother's knee.Two or three others drooping sick in
that tent.
Next, a girl of twenty-one lay dying on a stretcher.The
father, a big, gentle Boer kneeling beside her; while, next
tent, his wife was watching a child of six, also dying, and
one of about five drooping.Already this couple had lost
three children in the hospital …
Starvation, measles, bronchitis, pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid, neglect
Lizzie van Zyl (c. 1894 – 9 May 1901), daughter of a Boer combatant who refused to
surrender., died at a camp. Girl treated harshly and placed on the lowest rations.
After a month, she was moved to the new hospital outside of the concentration
camp, suffering from starvation. Unable to speak English, she was labelled an "idiot"
by the hospital staff. Calling for her mother Afrikaner woman, Mrs Botha, tried to
comfort her, but "was brusquely interrupted by one of the nurses who told her not to
interfere with the child as she was a nuisance."

40.  Negatives
 Exploitation of people and wealth
in overseas empires
▪ Greedy officials and merchants=personal fortunes
▪ Abused native peoples
 Divided Africa and ignored ancient tribal
boundaries
▪ Produced strife – opposing tribes grouped together or
split apart under different European countries
 Europeans did not respect native cultures
▪ Africans and Asians resented Western culture

41.  Positives
 Governments built public buildings,
roads, railroads
 Supported democratic government
▪ Bureaucracy to administer it
▪ Brought civil order and civil services
▪ Missionary outreach
▪ Political and social equality through Christianity
▪ Schools, colleges, hospitals

42. 1. In 1823 President James Monroe instituted the ______ Doctrine.
 Monroe
2. What happened in 1898 in Havana Harbor?
 Battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded
3. What does Aborigine mean?
 Those who are from the beginning
4. What happened in 1857 in India?
 Sepoy Mutiny
5. What land acquisition doubled the size of the US in 1803?
 Louisiana Purchase
6. The Spanish-AmericanWas resulted from Spain’s mistreatment of which
country? Cuba – Italy – Puerto Rico-Guam - Philippines
 Cuba
7. Where did the British put Boer/Affrikaner women and children?
 Concentration camps

43.  The ___________ purchase doubled the size
of the U.S.
 Louisiana
 Europe expanded in the 19th century because
they wanted?
 Sources of raw materials for industry
 New markets for goods
 Nationalism and pride sought overseas empires
 They did NOT want to spread ideas of monarchy
and feudalism

44.  Spanish-AmericanWar came from Spain mistreating
what country?
 Cuba
 Australia’s original settlers were?
 Convicts
 Who declared Brazil independent and became its
emperor?
 Dom Pedro
 Boxer Rebellion occurred because
 Chinese wanted to get rid ofWestern influence
 Japan’s first treaty with aWestern nation?
 Treaty of Kanagawa

45. 1. The Foreign Legion came from what country?
 France
 https://youtu.be/gi3ggH1s-sM
2. Frontier states in the US did NOT enter the union on
an equal basis with the original colonies?T or F
 F, they did
3. Latin American countries were politically unstable
after becoming independent?T or F
 T, many problems
4. Japan lost to China in the Sino-Japanese war and
Japan was forced to grant more grade concessions
to theWest.T or F
 F, they did not