1.
'The OpenChain Japan Work Group' and
Collaboration with OIN Regarding Automotive Grade Linux
Masato Endo
Project Manager
Connected Vehicle Group
Intellectual Property Div.
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION CC BY-SA 4.0 1

2.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 2
1.1. Expansion of OSS in the Automotive Sector
In the automotive industry, the number of OSS projects is growing rapidly,
and products using OSS are already available in the market.
Automotive sector TOYOTA products
Community Works
-Automotive Grade Linux
-GENIVI
-AUTOSAR
IT companies in the automotive industry
-TESLA
-UBER
Infotainment System
T-Connect
Partner Robot
HSR

3.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 3
1.2. Activities for MaaS of TOYOTA
-TOYOTA can develop the Global Mobility Services Platform,
which enables the mobility services, by working together with
e-Palette Alliance.
-Technology providers can receive Application Programming
Interface (API), open data such as vehicle state and vehicle
control which is necessary to develop automated driving systems
https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/20546438.html

4.
1.3. Automotive Grade Linux (AGL)
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 4
AGL is a Linux Foundation project to develop an operating system for
infotainment platforms.
The Camry, which was released in the U.S. in the summer of 2017,
is the first model to include AGL.

5.
1.4. AGL Members
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 5
Many global OEMs have joined AGL alongside automotive industry
suppliers and IT companies with interest in the sector.
https://www.automotivelinux.org/about/members
Platinum Members
DENSO/MAZDA/Panasonic/RENESAS/
SUZUKI/TOYOTA
Gold Members
HONDA/NTT DATA
Silver Members
AISIN AW/amazon/Continental/DAIMLER
DENSO TEN/DRIMAES

6.
2.1. The “Hybrid Strategy” to reduce OSS Legal Risks
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 6
Hybrid
strategy!
×
TOYOTA is working together with the communities to reduce OSS legal
risks for customers and developers.
To reduce patent risksTo reduce copyright risks

7.
2.2. OSS Copyright Risks in the Supply Chain
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 7
Tier 2 Tier 1
Software Software
OSS OSS
OSS
Report
OEM
OSS
Report
Risk of OSS being
mixed into
supplier software.
How can we
manage OSS
licenses?
Educating all
suppliers is
difficult.
Updating
educational
material is hard.
How can we
improve
governance
processes?
Mixing OSS in the supply chain may cause unknown copyright risks. A
company with no or weak OSS governance system may cause risks to
the whole supply chain.

8.
2.3. Pros of applying OpenChain to the Supply Chain
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 8
Tier 2
We’d like to follow the
OpenChain
specification to set up
our OSS governance
system.
Tier 1
Software Software
OSS
OSS
Report
OEM
OSS
ReportLet’s promote
OpenChain
conformance!
OSS
OpenChain
Specification
OpenChain
Curriculum
OpenChain materials will provide strong OSS governance throughout
the whole supply chain!
Follow the OpenChain
standard to manage
OSS.
Let’s use
OpenChain
materials for in-
house education!

9.
2.4. Issues to promote OSS Compliance in Asia
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 9
TOYOTA, HITACHI and SONY decided to set up a Japanese Work
Group to resolve these issues in Asia sector.
Culture Awareness System
-HR
-Accounting
-Network Security
-Executives
-Engineers
-Legal/IP People
-Community
-Contribution
-Communication

10.
2.5. OpenChain Japan Work Group
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 10
TOYOTA, HITACHI and SONY formed the Japanese Work Group last
December and have already initiated OSS compliance activities in Japan
and elsewhere in Asia.
＜Members＞
TOYOTA/HITACHI/SONY/Panasonic/TOSHIBA/NEC/FUJITSU/RICOH/MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC...
＜Mission＞
To help Japanese and Asian engineers so engineers can use OSS safely
＜Activities＞
-Promoting OSS compliance in Japan and Asia
-Solving issues which are unique to Japan
-Sharing information
https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/openchain/openchain-japanese-working-group

11.
2.6. OpenChain Promotion Items for each level
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 11
Level1
NOT understand
Importance of
OSS Compliance
Level2
NOT understand
what to do
Level3
NOT understand
how to do
Level4
Not Understand
how to get
certification
●To join events
(for Engineers/
Legal people/
IP people)
●Workshop
●PR
(Traditional
Media/
Tech Media/
SNS)
●Case Materials
(Wiki/
Handbook/
Academic
paper)
●Consultation
●Training
support
●Self
certification
support
●Third-party
certification
TOYOTA is focusing on the activities to help companies and lawyers to
realize/understand the importance of OSS compliance in Japan.

12.
2.7. Promotion Activities
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 12
1st May, 2017
Automotive Linux Summit
Presentation by Kenichi Murata
16th June, 2017
Asian Legal Network Round Table 2017
Panel Discussion by
David Kappos (Former USPTO Director), Keith Bergelt(OIN CEO),
Shane Coughlan(Open Chain Director),
Takahiro Nonaka(DLA Piper) and Masato Endo
17th and 19th October, 2017
Fifth Annual DLA Piper
Global IP Symposium
Presentation by Masato Endo
We joined some IP and OSS events to promote the importance of
OSS compliance.
14th March, 2018
Tokyo University of Science
IP Forum 2018
Presentation by Masato Endo

13.
2.8. Message from Shane Coughlan!
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 13
Shane Coughlan
OpenChain Project Director

14.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 14
Even if we use open source it is challenging to avoid litigation
completely. However, understanding all OSS-related patents
would be a difficult challenge.
-There are over 300,000 OSS-related patents!!
-Some Linux users have been involved in patent
infringement cases.
3.1. OSS Patent Risks

15.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 15
3.2. Reducing Patent Risk through the OIN
All members agree to mutually cross license, exclusively to use in the Linux
System, their patents which are directly related to the function described in
the OIN Linux System definition.
+2400
PARTICIPANTS
FROM START-UPS
TO LARGE CORPORATIONS
+3M
PATENTS AND
APPLICATIONS OWNED BY
OIN LICENSEES
Board members:
Google/IBM/NEC/PHILIPS/Red Hat/SONY/SUSE/TOYOTA

16.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 16
3.3. TOYOTA’s Mission as a Board Member (1)
To reduce AGL patent risks, TOYOTA is trying to include AGL into revised
OIN Linux System definition.
Already protected
OIN Linux System Definition
(Patent non-aggression/cooperation zone)
80%: Common base packages (e.g., Linux kernel)
11%: Software engineering (e.g., Perl, Python, PHP)
4%: Enterprise engineering (e.g., JBOSS, Jakarta, OpenShift)
2%: Networking & security (e.g., OpenSSL, OpenVPN)
1%: Web (e.g., Apache web server, Nginx)
1%: Cloud computing (e.g., OpenStack, Qemu, libvirt)
1%: Mobile (e.g., Android, Web OS)
AGL / IoT / Chrome
Under discussion
at the OIN

17.
3.4. Status updates of Linux System Definition
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 17
Linux System Definition
The OIN board is scheduled to approve AGL inclusion in OIN Linux
System Definition by “Summer 2018”.
Board Members
Google/IBM/NEC/PHILIPS/Red Hat/SONY/SUSE/TOYOTA

18.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 18
3.5. TOYOTA’s Mission as a Board Member (2)
Over ten OEMs and many suppliers already became members of the
OIN, and more OEMs may join OIN in the near future.
http://www.openinventionnetwork.com/community-of-licensees/automotive/
European OEMs
DAIMLER/VOLVO
U.S. OEMs
Ford/GENERAL MOTORS
Japanese OEMs
HONDA/MAZDA/SUBARU/TOYOTA
Korean OEMs
HYUNDAI/KIA
Chinese OEMs
BYD/FOTON/GAC MOTOR

19.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 19
3.6. Message from Keith Bergelt!!
Keith Bergelt
OIN CEO

20.
3.7. Solving Complicated Copyright Issues
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 20
We’ll continue to have activities with OSS community to develop
better software society.

21.
(c)TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 21
Thank you!
Profile: Masato Endo is Project Manager of the Connected Car Technology-related IP group in the Toyota IP Division. He
is engaged in the planning and implementation of the IP strategy for the Toyota Connected Company. He focuses
mainly on building the OSS governance structure within Toyota and developing relationships with the OSS
community, through projects such as Automotive Grade Linux and the Open Invention Network. Recently, he
began to work with the OpenChain Project as the primary Toyota representative. He has experience in giving
presentations at OSS or IP events facilitated by the Linux Foundation, Free Software Foundation Europe, Asian
Legal Network, DLA Piper and so on.