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atMusallah at-Taqwa

Saturday
August 29,
2010

Islamic College of Canberra

Explanation of the Three Fundamental Principles
Class Notes – Term 5, Week 3

...

,

... His Angels, His Books ...

Second Pillar - Iman in the Angels
•

This is the firm conviction that Allah’s angels exist, that they were created from light, that they do not
disobey any of His commands, and they carry out the functions that are instructed to fulfil.

•

Angels are one of Allah’s creations. A servant’s faith is invalid unless they believe in them and in all the
attributes ascribed to them in the Quran and Sunnah, without any addition or subtraction or false
interpretation.

•

The angels (al-malaaikah) are created beings hidden from us. They are worshippers of Allah (swt) and have
no qualities of Lordship or Divinity, not any right to be worshipped.

•

Allah (swt) created them from light and bestowed upon them complete submission to His commands and
the power to carry them out. Allah (swt) says:

∩⊄⊃∪ tβρçŽäIø tƒ Ÿω u‘$pκ¨]9$#uρ Ÿ≅ø‹©9$# tβθßsÎm7|¡ç„ ∩⊇®∪ tβρçŽÅ£óstGó¡tƒ Ÿωuρ ϵÏ?yŠ$t7Ïã ôtã tβρçŽÉ9õ3tGó¡o„ Ÿω …çνy‰ΖÏã ôtΒuρ
... and those who are near Him (the angels) are not too proud to worship Him, nor are they weary of his
worship. They glorify His praises night and day, (and) they never slacken to do so. [Al Anbiya; 21:19-20]

•

To deny the existence of the angels is, as Allah (swt) says in the Quran, tantamount to disbelief (kufr). Allah
(swt) says:

∩⊇⊂∉∪ #´‰‹Ïèt/ Kξ≈n=|Ê ¨≅|Ê ô‰s)sù ̍ÅzFψ$# ÏΘöθu‹ø9$#uρ Ï&Î#ß™â‘uρ ϵÎ7çFä.uρ ϵÏFs3Í×≈n=tΒuρ «!$$Î/ öà õ3tƒ tΒuρ
... and whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then
indeed he has strayed far away. [An Nisaa; 41:136]

•

Allah (swt) has given us enough knowledge of the angels in the Quran and Sunnah to assist us in purifying
our creed, sanctifying our hearts and rectifying our deeds. However He (swt) kept to Himself knowledge of
their essence, the manner of their creation and the details of their circumstances. Thus, a true believer
should affirm everything the Creator communicated to mankind, in general and in detail, with no addition
to it or subtraction from it, and he should not attempt to inquire or delve into what Allah (swt) has kept
hidden, as there is no benefit to be derived in doing so.

...
•

Iman in the angels is comprised of four matters:
i.

To believe in their existence: As mentioned previously, disbelief in the angels is tantamount to
disbelief (kufr). There are numerous evidences in both the Quran and Sunnah which obligate the
belief in the existence of the angels.

ii.

To believe in those whose names we know: As for those whose names are unknown to us, then we
have general and comprehensive belief in all of them. Three of the most important angels whose
names have been mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah are Jibreel, Mika’il, and Israfil. Jibreel is the
angel in charge of revelation, the sustenance of hearts and spirits. His name is mentioned in the
Quran along with Mika’il. Allah (swt) says:

∩®∇∪ zƒÌÏ ≈s3ù=Ïj9 Aρ߉tã ©!$#  χÎ*sù Ÿ≅8s3‹ÏΒuρ Ÿ≅ƒÎŽö9Å_uρ Ï&Î#ß™â‘uρ ϵÏGx6Í×≈n=tΒuρ °! #xρ߉tã tβ%x. tΒ
Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and apostles, to Gabriel and Michael,- Lo!
Allah is an enemy to those who reject Faith. [Al Baqara; 2:98]
Mika’il is the angel in charge of rain, which is vital sustenance for plants and animals. Israfil is the
angel in charge of blowing the trumpet on the Day of Judgment and by which people are given life
after death. Of the other angels mentioned in the Quran there is Malik the keeper of the Hellfire.
Allah (swt) says:

∩∠∠∪ šχθèWÅ3≈¨Β /ä3ΡÎ) tΑ$s% ( y7•/u‘ $uΖøŠn=tã ÇÙø)u‹Ï9 à7Î=≈yϑ≈tƒ (#÷ρyŠ$tΡuρ
And they will cry: "O Malik (Keeper of Hell)! Let your Lord make an end of us." He will say:
"Verily you shall abide forever." [Az Zukhruf; 44:77]

As for the angels who have not been specifically mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah, we should
believe in them on the whole, as well as in their types and duties.
iii.

To believe in whatever has been described of their attributes: The Quran and Sunnah tell us that
the angels are beings of light, having no physical body which is discernable to the human senses.
They are unlike man in that they do not eat, drink, sleep or procreate. They are pure and devoid of
animal desires, sins and misdeeds.
With regard to the attributes of Jibreel mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah, the Prophet (saw)
informed that he had seen him in the original form Allah (swt) created him, having six hundred
wings and filling the entire horizon [Bukhari].
The angels also have the ability of metamorphosis. This occurred with Jibreel when he presented
himself to Maryam (as) in the form of a perfect human. Also when he came to the Prophet (saw)
who was sitting with his companions, he came in the form of a man with very white clothes and
very black hair and no signs of travelling could be seen on him. He sat with the Prophet (saw) and
placed his knees together with his knees and placed his palms upon his thighs and proceeded to
question him about Islam, Iman, Ihsan the Last Day and its signs. Likewise, the angels whom Allah
(swt) sent to Ibrahim and Lut were also in the form of men.
We believe in these accounts of their constitution and attributes and seek no further knowledge of
them. If Allah (swt) had found that further details would have been of use to His servants, He would
not have kept it from them.
iv.

To believe in the duties that we know of which they carry out by the command of Allah (swt): This
includes their glorifying Allah (swt) and declaring Him free and far removed from all imperfections,
and their worshipping Him day and night without wearying or slackening.
Having said this, Allah (swt) has informed us that their worship is not confined to praising and
glorifying Him, but also includes the execution of His will. The Quran and Sunnah have indicated the
existence of several kinds of angels, each which is charged with a certain aspect of the universe.
Allah (swt) entrusted the sun and the moon to certain angels and He did the same with the planets,
the mountains, the clouds and rain. The wombs were entrusted to angels who supervise the nutfah
(sperm) and the stages it goes through until it completes the human form. He entrusted death to
certain angels and to every servant He assigned angels who guard over him. Also the angels whose
duty it is to question the deceased when they are placed in the grave.

•

Iman in the angels has great fruits, from them:
i.

Knowledge of the greatness of Allah (swt), His power, His authority and His dominion, since the
greatness of any created thing shows the greatness of the Creator.

ii.

Thankfulness to Allah (swt) for His care and concern for the welfare of mankind, since he entrusted
some angels with protecting them.

iii.

Love of the angels for their worship of Allah (swt).

iv.

A servant avoids doing that which is displeasing to Allah (swt) knowing that everything issued from
him is recorded.

Third Pillar - Iman in the Divine Scriptures
•

Believing in the Books that Allah (swt) revealed to His messengers and prophet’s is another of the
cornerstones of Iman. Just as the Prophet (saw) received the Quran from Allah (swt), so did all the
messengers who preceded him also received divine revelation.

•

What is meant by the books, is that which Allah (swt) sent down to His Messengers as a mercy to the
creation and as a guidance for them in order to enable them to attain success and happiness in this life and
in the next.

•

Iman in the books comprises four matters:
i.

To believe that they were sent down by Allah (swt): Just like disbelief in the angels is tantamount to
kufr, so is disbelief in any of the books revealed by Allah (swt).

ii.

To specifically believe in those books whose names we know: From them the Tawrah which was
revealed to Moosa (as), the Injeel which was revealed to Eisa (as), the Zabur which was revealed to
Dawud (as) and of course the Quran which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (saw).
Though Allah (swt) did not inform us of the names of the books revealed to all the other
messengers, He did inform us that each prophet carried the divine message to his people:

Èd,ysø9$$Î/ |=≈tGÅ3ø9$# ãΝßγyètΒ tΑt“Ρr&uρ tÍ‘É‹ΨãΒuρ š̍Ïe±u;ãΒ z↵ÍhŠÎ;¨Ψ9$# ª!$# y]yèt7sù Zοy‰Ïn≡uρ Zπ¨Βé& â¨$¨Ζ9$# tβ%x.
ϵŠÏù (#θà n=tF÷z$# $yϑŠÏù Ĩ$¨Ζ9$# t÷t/ zΝä3ósuŠÏ9
Mankind were one community and Allah sent Prophets with glad tidings and warnings,
and with them He sent the scripture in truth to judge between people In matters wherein
they differed ... [Al Baqarah; 44:77]
We must believe in those unnamed books in general. It is not permissible to attribute any scripture
to Allah (swt) if it was not named in the Quran.
iii.

To affirm whatever reports are established as being contained in them: Such as whatever is
reported in the Quran and those reports which have not been changed or distorted from the
previous books. These include such things as stories of the prophets and the clear unadulterated
understanding of tawheed.

iv.

To act upon whatever rulings they contain that have not been abrogated: To be pleased with that,
and to fully submit to it – whether we understand the wisdom behind it or not. All of the previous
books are abrogated by the sublime Quran. Allah (swt) says:

ϵø‹n=tã $ΨÏϑø‹yγãΒuρ É=≈tGÅ6ø9$# zÏΒ Ïµ÷ƒy‰tƒ š÷t/ $yϑÏj9 $]%Ïd‰|ÁãΒ Èd,ysø9$$Î/ |=≈tGÅ3ø9$# y7ø‹s9Î) !$uΖø9t“Ρr&uρ
And we have sent down to you (O Muhammad ) the Book (this Qur'an) in truth, confirming the
scripture that came before it and Mohayminan (a witness) over it. [Al Baqarah; 44:77]
The meaning of this verse is that the Quran is a judge upon them, so it is not therefore permissible
to act upon any ruling contained in the previous books, except for that which is proven to be
correct from them and is affirmed and approved by the Quran.
The Quran gives mankind general laws that encompass everything it requires for achieving
happiness in this life and in the Hereafter. It abrogates all the practical legislations specific to past
nations and reaffirms the final, eternal laws that are suited for every place and age.

•

In light of the evidence of the corruption of the previous scriptures, believing in these books is to believe
that they were originally revealed by Allah (swt) to His messengers and had the same purpose as the Quran,
i.e. guidance and mercy.

•

Iman in the revealed books produces great fruits; from them:
i.

The knowledge that Allah (swt) takes care of His servants in that He sent down for each people a
books for their guidance.

ii.

The knowledge of Allah’s (swt) wisdom in prescribing for each people those prescribed laws
suitable for their conditions.

iii.

Giving thanks to Allah (swt) for having blessed us with that.

Review questions
1.

What do verses 19-20 of Surat Al-Anbiya tell us about the angels that is uniquely different to human
beings?

2.

What is a general principle we follow when we establish and affirm issues of the unseen (ghayb) such as
the angels?

3.

What are the names of three angels which are specifically mentioned in the Quran? What
responsibilities has Allah (swt) assigned to them.

4.

What are the tangible fruits of believing in the angels which a believer should experience in their lives?

5.

Briefly list and explain the four matters which belief in the books of Allah (swt) comprises of.

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T5 lesson 03 aqeedah_20100829

  • 1. atMusallah at-Taqwa Saturday August 29, 2010 Islamic College of Canberra Explanation of the Three Fundamental Principles Class Notes – Term 5, Week 3 ... , ... His Angels, His Books ... Second Pillar - Iman in the Angels • This is the firm conviction that Allah’s angels exist, that they were created from light, that they do not disobey any of His commands, and they carry out the functions that are instructed to fulfil. • Angels are one of Allah’s creations. A servant’s faith is invalid unless they believe in them and in all the attributes ascribed to them in the Quran and Sunnah, without any addition or subtraction or false interpretation. • The angels (al-malaaikah) are created beings hidden from us. They are worshippers of Allah (swt) and have no qualities of Lordship or Divinity, not any right to be worshipped. • Allah (swt) created them from light and bestowed upon them complete submission to His commands and the power to carry them out. Allah (swt) says: ∩⊄⊃∪ tβρçŽäIø tƒ Ÿω u‘$pκ¨]9$#uρ Ÿ≅ø‹©9$# tβθßsÎm7|¡ç„ ∩⊇®∪ tβρçŽÅ£óstGó¡tƒ Ÿωuρ ϵÏ?yŠ$t7Ïã ôtã tβρçŽÉ9õ3tGó¡o„ Ÿω …çνy‰ΖÏã ôtΒuρ ... and those who are near Him (the angels) are not too proud to worship Him, nor are they weary of his worship. They glorify His praises night and day, (and) they never slacken to do so. [Al Anbiya; 21:19-20] • To deny the existence of the angels is, as Allah (swt) says in the Quran, tantamount to disbelief (kufr). Allah (swt) says: ∩⊇⊂∉∪ #´‰‹Ïèt/ Kξ≈n=|Ê ¨≅|Ê ô‰s)sù ̍ÅzFψ$# ÏΘöθu‹ø9$#uρ Ï&Î#ß™â‘uρ ϵÎ7çFä.uρ ϵÏFs3Í×≈n=tΒuρ «!$$Î/ öà õ3tƒ tΒuρ ... and whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he has strayed far away. [An Nisaa; 41:136] • Allah (swt) has given us enough knowledge of the angels in the Quran and Sunnah to assist us in purifying our creed, sanctifying our hearts and rectifying our deeds. However He (swt) kept to Himself knowledge of their essence, the manner of their creation and the details of their circumstances. Thus, a true believer should affirm everything the Creator communicated to mankind, in general and in detail, with no addition to it or subtraction from it, and he should not attempt to inquire or delve into what Allah (swt) has kept hidden, as there is no benefit to be derived in doing so. ...
  • 2. • Iman in the angels is comprised of four matters: i. To believe in their existence: As mentioned previously, disbelief in the angels is tantamount to disbelief (kufr). There are numerous evidences in both the Quran and Sunnah which obligate the belief in the existence of the angels. ii. To believe in those whose names we know: As for those whose names are unknown to us, then we have general and comprehensive belief in all of them. Three of the most important angels whose names have been mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah are Jibreel, Mika’il, and Israfil. Jibreel is the angel in charge of revelation, the sustenance of hearts and spirits. His name is mentioned in the Quran along with Mika’il. Allah (swt) says: ∩®∇∪ zƒÌÏ ≈s3ù=Ïj9 Aρ߉tã ©!$#  χÎ*sù Ÿ≅8s3‹ÏΒuρ Ÿ≅ƒÎŽö9Å_uρ Ï&Î#ß™â‘uρ ϵÏGx6Í×≈n=tΒuρ °! #xρ߉tã tβ%x. tΒ Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His angels and apostles, to Gabriel and Michael,- Lo! Allah is an enemy to those who reject Faith. [Al Baqara; 2:98] Mika’il is the angel in charge of rain, which is vital sustenance for plants and animals. Israfil is the angel in charge of blowing the trumpet on the Day of Judgment and by which people are given life after death. Of the other angels mentioned in the Quran there is Malik the keeper of the Hellfire. Allah (swt) says: ∩∠∠∪ šχθèWÅ3≈¨Β /ä3ΡÎ) tΑ$s% ( y7•/u‘ $uΖøŠn=tã ÇÙø)u‹Ï9 à7Î=≈yϑ≈tƒ (#÷ρyŠ$tΡuρ And they will cry: "O Malik (Keeper of Hell)! Let your Lord make an end of us." He will say: "Verily you shall abide forever." [Az Zukhruf; 44:77] As for the angels who have not been specifically mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah, we should believe in them on the whole, as well as in their types and duties. iii. To believe in whatever has been described of their attributes: The Quran and Sunnah tell us that the angels are beings of light, having no physical body which is discernable to the human senses. They are unlike man in that they do not eat, drink, sleep or procreate. They are pure and devoid of animal desires, sins and misdeeds. With regard to the attributes of Jibreel mentioned in the Quran and Sunnah, the Prophet (saw) informed that he had seen him in the original form Allah (swt) created him, having six hundred wings and filling the entire horizon [Bukhari]. The angels also have the ability of metamorphosis. This occurred with Jibreel when he presented himself to Maryam (as) in the form of a perfect human. Also when he came to the Prophet (saw) who was sitting with his companions, he came in the form of a man with very white clothes and very black hair and no signs of travelling could be seen on him. He sat with the Prophet (saw) and placed his knees together with his knees and placed his palms upon his thighs and proceeded to question him about Islam, Iman, Ihsan the Last Day and its signs. Likewise, the angels whom Allah (swt) sent to Ibrahim and Lut were also in the form of men. We believe in these accounts of their constitution and attributes and seek no further knowledge of them. If Allah (swt) had found that further details would have been of use to His servants, He would not have kept it from them.
  • 3. iv. To believe in the duties that we know of which they carry out by the command of Allah (swt): This includes their glorifying Allah (swt) and declaring Him free and far removed from all imperfections, and their worshipping Him day and night without wearying or slackening. Having said this, Allah (swt) has informed us that their worship is not confined to praising and glorifying Him, but also includes the execution of His will. The Quran and Sunnah have indicated the existence of several kinds of angels, each which is charged with a certain aspect of the universe. Allah (swt) entrusted the sun and the moon to certain angels and He did the same with the planets, the mountains, the clouds and rain. The wombs were entrusted to angels who supervise the nutfah (sperm) and the stages it goes through until it completes the human form. He entrusted death to certain angels and to every servant He assigned angels who guard over him. Also the angels whose duty it is to question the deceased when they are placed in the grave. • Iman in the angels has great fruits, from them: i. Knowledge of the greatness of Allah (swt), His power, His authority and His dominion, since the greatness of any created thing shows the greatness of the Creator. ii. Thankfulness to Allah (swt) for His care and concern for the welfare of mankind, since he entrusted some angels with protecting them. iii. Love of the angels for their worship of Allah (swt). iv. A servant avoids doing that which is displeasing to Allah (swt) knowing that everything issued from him is recorded. Third Pillar - Iman in the Divine Scriptures • Believing in the Books that Allah (swt) revealed to His messengers and prophet’s is another of the cornerstones of Iman. Just as the Prophet (saw) received the Quran from Allah (swt), so did all the messengers who preceded him also received divine revelation. • What is meant by the books, is that which Allah (swt) sent down to His Messengers as a mercy to the creation and as a guidance for them in order to enable them to attain success and happiness in this life and in the next. • Iman in the books comprises four matters: i. To believe that they were sent down by Allah (swt): Just like disbelief in the angels is tantamount to kufr, so is disbelief in any of the books revealed by Allah (swt). ii. To specifically believe in those books whose names we know: From them the Tawrah which was revealed to Moosa (as), the Injeel which was revealed to Eisa (as), the Zabur which was revealed to Dawud (as) and of course the Quran which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (saw). Though Allah (swt) did not inform us of the names of the books revealed to all the other messengers, He did inform us that each prophet carried the divine message to his people: Èd,ysø9$$Î/ |=≈tGÅ3ø9$# ãΝßγyètΒ tΑt“Ρr&uρ tÍ‘É‹ΨãΒuρ š̍Ïe±u;ãΒ z↵ÍhŠÎ;¨Ψ9$# ª!$# y]yèt7sù Zοy‰Ïn≡uρ Zπ¨Βé& â¨$¨Ζ9$# tβ%x. ϵŠÏù (#θà n=tF÷z$# $yϑŠÏù Ĩ$¨Ζ9$# t÷t/ zΝä3ósuŠÏ9 Mankind were one community and Allah sent Prophets with glad tidings and warnings, and with them He sent the scripture in truth to judge between people In matters wherein they differed ... [Al Baqarah; 44:77]
  • 4. We must believe in those unnamed books in general. It is not permissible to attribute any scripture to Allah (swt) if it was not named in the Quran. iii. To affirm whatever reports are established as being contained in them: Such as whatever is reported in the Quran and those reports which have not been changed or distorted from the previous books. These include such things as stories of the prophets and the clear unadulterated understanding of tawheed. iv. To act upon whatever rulings they contain that have not been abrogated: To be pleased with that, and to fully submit to it – whether we understand the wisdom behind it or not. All of the previous books are abrogated by the sublime Quran. Allah (swt) says: ϵø‹n=tã $ΨÏϑø‹yγãΒuρ É=≈tGÅ6ø9$# zÏΒ Ïµ÷ƒy‰tƒ š÷t/ $yϑÏj9 $]%Ïd‰|ÁãΒ Èd,ysø9$$Î/ |=≈tGÅ3ø9$# y7ø‹s9Î) !$uΖø9t“Ρr&uρ And we have sent down to you (O Muhammad ) the Book (this Qur'an) in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it and Mohayminan (a witness) over it. [Al Baqarah; 44:77] The meaning of this verse is that the Quran is a judge upon them, so it is not therefore permissible to act upon any ruling contained in the previous books, except for that which is proven to be correct from them and is affirmed and approved by the Quran. The Quran gives mankind general laws that encompass everything it requires for achieving happiness in this life and in the Hereafter. It abrogates all the practical legislations specific to past nations and reaffirms the final, eternal laws that are suited for every place and age. • In light of the evidence of the corruption of the previous scriptures, believing in these books is to believe that they were originally revealed by Allah (swt) to His messengers and had the same purpose as the Quran, i.e. guidance and mercy. • Iman in the revealed books produces great fruits; from them: i. The knowledge that Allah (swt) takes care of His servants in that He sent down for each people a books for their guidance. ii. The knowledge of Allah’s (swt) wisdom in prescribing for each people those prescribed laws suitable for their conditions. iii. Giving thanks to Allah (swt) for having blessed us with that. Review questions 1. What do verses 19-20 of Surat Al-Anbiya tell us about the angels that is uniquely different to human beings? 2. What is a general principle we follow when we establish and affirm issues of the unseen (ghayb) such as the angels? 3. What are the names of three angels which are specifically mentioned in the Quran? What responsibilities has Allah (swt) assigned to them. 4. What are the tangible fruits of believing in the angels which a believer should experience in their lives? 5. Briefly list and explain the four matters which belief in the books of Allah (swt) comprises of.