1.
Managing Emergencies
Well-designed plans
before an event will
aid in system and
operational restoration
more quickly
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Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)

2.
Main Topics
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Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)
• Emergency Management
• Plan Contents
• Command & Control
• Event Classifications Action Plans
• Mapping
• Protective Actions

3.
Main Topics
o Special Considerations Response
o Special Support
o Borrowing from History
o Unique Concerns
o Recovery
o Mitigation/Prevention
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Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)

4.
Generic Emergencies
Most of us are used to emergencies; we’ve all
suffered:
 Car trouble
 Electrical outage
 Plumbing problems
 General repairs
 Other types which are always inconvenient!
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5.
Types of Emergencies
The “Big Ones”
fall into 2 categories:
Natural
or
Man-Made
PS: Even the small
incidents can disrupt like
large ones!!
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6.
Emergency Management
The scope of emergency management in today’s
world requires:
 Considering possible events
 Planning for situations of high probability as
well as unique events
 Providing for resources to meet the event
 Recovering and restoring to normal
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7.
Facility Model
The emergency response cycle
for a facility can include:
 Preparation
 Warning
 Relocation
 Mobilization
 Monitoring Services
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8.
Facility Model
 Control/Stabilization
 Close-out/Termination
 Return to Normal Operations
 Damage Assessment & Recovery
 Plan Review & Modification
Let’s simplify this…..
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9.
Emergency Management
 Preparedness
 Response
 Recovery
 Mitigation &
Prevention
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Cyclic in Nature

10.
Emergency Management Methods
 IEMS (Integrated Emergency Management
System)
 ICS (Incident Command System)
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11.
Plan
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12.
Aids to Planning
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Job assignment and
identification
Guidance Manuals

13.
Plan Contents
 Facility Overview
 Hazards and Hazard Control
 Safety Systems In-place
 Emergency Response Organization
 Levels of Magnitude for Events
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14.
Plan Contents
 Communication
 Contacts
 Procedures/Action Plans
 Checklists
 Plan Administration
 Staff Training
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15.
Evaluate Emergency Possibilities
Analyze your area(s) of
responsibility
Ask questions regarding:
 What could happen and what
would be the results?
 How do we meet the needs?
 Could your facility exist
absent the infrastructure
which has been damaged?
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16.
Hazards by Area
o Determine Hazards for which procedures should
be created
o Internal events or external hazards which may
intrude
o Determine the main agency concerned with
response:
→ Fire Brigade
→ Spill Team
→ First Aid Team
→ Security
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Or maybe the
“A” Team!

17.
Emergencies by Agency
Fire Response
 Structures
 Storage
 Processes
 Manufacturing
 Transport (off-loading
materials)
 Labs
 Parking lots
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18.
HazMat Response
 Chemical storage
 Processes
 Shipping/Receiving
 Transportation
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 Labs
 Hazardous waste
locations
 Manufacturing
 Environmental events

19.
Security
 Disgruntled employees
 Bomb threats
 Full power outage
 Control of mass media
 Access control for
off-site responders
 Demonstrations
 Securing vacated buildings
 Active Shooter events
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20.
Develop Command and Control
 Duty Assignments
 Job descriptions
 When do they report?
 Where do they go?
 To whom do they report?
 Who reports to them?
 Radio channels
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21.
Emergency Titles and Duties
 Incident Commander
o Safety
o Liaison
o Public Information
(PIO)
 Operations
 Planning/Intelligence
 Logistics
 Finance/Administration
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22.
Facility Emergency Team
A facility’s team may also include the following:
Sr. Rep of Operations
Sr. Manager
Human resources
Public relations
Environmental
Engineering
Legal
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23.
Expanding the ICS
 As the incident magnitude
increases, so will the
number and types of
agencies involved
 Provide for such
expansion
 Also provide to rotate out
tired staff for fresh crews
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24.
Locate a Facility EOC
Equip with:
 Telephones
 Radios
 Tables/chairs
 White boards
 Lighting
 Backup generator
 Locate agencies with
similar missions in
close proximity
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25.
Event Classifications
 Unusual Event
 Alert
 Site Emergency
 General Emergency
Note: You may also reduce
the number of levels to
three (3), i.e.
 Level I
 Level II
 Level III
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26.
Event Classification
Base the event classification on:
 Severity of event to people
 Severity to facility; physically or operationally
 Potential of condition to spread
 Effort required to control event
 Effect event has on the surrounding community
 Number and type of additional agencies affected
by the event
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27.
Unusual Event
An event has occurred on the facility but does not
affect:
 Personnel safety
 Public safety
 The operation of the facility
On-site emergency responders only
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28.
Alert
An event has occurred on the facility minimally
affecting:
 Personnel safety
 Public safety
 The operation of the facility
On-site emergency responders with possibility of
off-site responders
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29.
Site Emergency
An event has occurred on the facility greatly
affecting:
 Personnel safety
 Off-site public
 The operation of the facility
• On-site emergency responders along with
off-site emergency responders
• Event may be of longer duration
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30.
General Emergency
An event has occurred on the facility posing an
imminent threat to:
 Site Personnel
 Off-site Public safety
 The operation of the facility
• On-site emergency responders along with
off-site emergency responders
• Event will require extreme actions to stabilize
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31.
Communications
Complex events require more
complex communications than
just dialing 911
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32.
Communications
 Provide direct lines
 Alternate means
 “Rumor Hotlines”
 Each person’s problem
is the most important
during an emergency
 Create filters and
distribution methods
 Log all messages
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33.
Alternate Communications
 CB clubs
 Radio clubs
 Former military staff
 Emergency service
members
 Emergency
Broadcast System
contacts
 Assign a
Communications
Coordinator and
alternate
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34.
Contact Lists
 During an emergency: no
time to try & find phone
numbers or identify
responsible persons
 Establish these lists
during planning
 Update lists when
persons vacate their
assignment
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35.
Action Plans
 Assign an AP Number
 Assign an initial event magnitude
 Criteria for implementing
 Checklist, by action agency, of those tasks to
be implemented
 Initial call-outs
 Procedures to be reviewed
 Technical information reviewed
 Support procedures
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36.
Action Plan Index: Examples
Event Level
300 Explosions
301 Structures Alert
302 Bulk Product:
Liquid or Gas Site Emergency
400 Transportation Accidents
406 Aircraft Accident General Emergency
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37.
Basic Emergency Action Plans
Address need for immediate action to protect
employees due to the occurrence of life-
threatening or endangering exposure
Examples:
 Building & Site Evacuation
 Hazardous Materials Spill
 Urgent Employee Medical Treatment
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38.
Checklists
Design checklists to cut down
on written instructions
It is easier to view a graphic
than decipher long paragraphs
of instructions
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39.
Continuing Operations
 Backup operating records/documents
 Locate secondary/tertiary records to restart
operations
 Does your facility have another location to
continue operations?
 Is there rental property you can obtain?
 How do you minimize your down time?
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40.
Command and Control
 Conduct briefings with
agency leaders
 Conduct combined (all
agency) briefings
 Brief each on event
developments and
determine each
agency’s required
actions
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41.
Mapping
Develop mapping strategies:
 Populated areas
 Evacuation
routes/alternates
 Congregate Care Centers
 Road link capabilities
Determine security measures
for:
 Populations
 Infrastructure locations
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42.
Mapping
Facility Target hazards:
- Life
- Property:
 High value materials
 Safety related equipment
 Bulk/hazardous storage
- Important to plant operations
 Fire pumps
 Emergency generators
- Utilities
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43.
Mapping
Individual buildings
 Life hazards/evacuation routes
 Assembly points for emergency teams
 Access points for off-site agencies
 Shutdown logics for equipment/processes
 Emergency equipment locations
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44.
Mapping
• Use Topographic maps
to determine
potentially threatened
areas
• Also to determine areas
subject to flooding
• Plot downwind drift for
released gases or
vapors
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45.
Information Logs
Create Wall Boards to
Log Information:
Situation status
Resource status
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46.
Disruptions
 How would this affect
access to your facility?
 What’s required to over-
ride the problem?
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47.
Protective Actions: Evacuation
 To where?
 By what routes? Alternates?
 How do they get there?
 Who sets-up the CCC
(congregate care center)?
 Who provides services?
 Will they take pets??
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48.
Protective Actions: Sheltering
 American Red Cross is
structured to set-up these
shelters
 Staff trained to the needs
of the population received
 You might also implement
a combination of
evacuating and sheltering
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49.
Impacting Off-Site Locations
A release at your facility may
directly impact off-site
communities
This impact may directly
affect you if your
neighborhood’s involved
Consider the needs the
following events may trigger:
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50.
Special Considerations
Transportation Coordinator
- Provides transport for
various groups
Sheltering Coordinator
- Sets-up lodging and
registration for moved
groups
- Establishes services
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51.
Where Does a School Go?
School concerns:
• Evacuate or Shelter In-Place?
o Some schools own their
buses; drivers work for
school
o Accessibility to transport is
provided
• Schools “evacuate” their
students each day at a given
time
• Time of occurrence will
determine their destination
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52.
Student Transport
Special security & safety
issues
Concerned parents may
create traffic problems
during an evacuation by
going to the school
Buses can also be used
for other evacuating
population groups
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53.
Elderly/Infirm
Special requirements:
• Transport
• Medical Needs
• Contacting family
• The patience to explain
the situation
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54.
Toddlers and Infants
Some facilities have Day Care
This presents its own special
concerns for evacuation or
sheltering:
Feeding
Clothing
Medication
Attention spans
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55.
Special Friends
 Some shelters do not
take pets
 Determine what
arrangements have
been made for
receiving pets
 Some owners are
adamant: “If you
won’t take my pet, I
won’t go!”
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56.
Special Needs
Remember, pets are
people, too
Some of your employees
may also have assist dogs
What food and water
provisions are required?
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57.
Rescue
 Group rescue for pets
 Evaluate the resources
required for this
rescue
 List them
 Could your agency
provide them in a
timely fashion
 How do the demands
change if this was a
water-borne rescue of
people?
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58.
Livestock
Animal rescue training
available (e.g., Penn
State Agricultural
Extension)
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59.
Community Volunteers
Consider:
o Varying talents
o Availability
o Training needs
o Equipment needs
o Transport needs
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60.
Community Emergency Response Team
Guidance Exists for
 Training
 Assigning
 Equipping
 Communicating
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61.
Existing Agencies
Include:
 Fire Service
 EMS Service
 Police Service
 HazMat Teams
Magnitude of your event
may stress these
agencies
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62.
Train Your Staff
 On their duties
 Policies
 Reporting methods
 Communications
 Documentation
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 Authority assigned
 Emergency actions
allowed
 Conduct multi-agency
drills to perfect response
capabilities
 Critique drills and modify
plans

63.
Kits
Specialty response kits
can be constructed for
individuals as well as
action teams
When the emergency
begins is not the time to
determine and gather the
needed supplies
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64.
Response
 Consider the various emergency types and
magnitudes
 Match resources which may be required for
each type
 Allow for rotation of responders and the need
for additional resources
 Also consider:
“What if we have an emergency and nobody
shows up to help?”
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65.
Fire Emergencies
 Processes,
 Single buildings,
 Industrial complexes,
 Unique facilities
o Evacuation
o In-place sheltering
o Combination
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66.
Industrial Losses
 Will it rebuild?
 Can it rebuild?
 If it rebuilds, what’s its
life expectancy?
 Is it a major employer
for the area?
 Long-term effects
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67.
Handle Alone or Mutual Aid
 What fixed systems
exist?
 What systems will be
stressed?
 Your Fire Brigade?
 With off-site help?
 Access available?
 Support
requirements?
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68.
Medical Emergencies
 What unique
requirements?
 Will the numbers
involved stress the
support services?
 Will they inundate the
medical facilities and
staff?
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69.
Incident Command System: EMS
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70.
Special Support
 Can you obtain?
 Will other agencies
need to support?
 What if the special
units suffer an
incident?
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71.
Water Emergencies
If you’re near water, you’ll need:
 Rescue means
 Personal protection (PFDs)
 Alerting means
 Transport means
 Medical treatment
 Relocation center
If you’re near water, you’ll
need “water stuff”
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72.
Tornado: The Watch
Review plans while
anticipating a weather
event
Determine methods to
“secure” the facility
against impact
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73.
External Impact
What preparations must
be performed to protect
your facility?
Do the resources exist to
achieve this protection?
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74.
The Warning
• Xenia, Ohio in the mid-
1970’s
• The Impact Results
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75.
Disruption
• What are some
needs to restore?
• Is this a short-term
or long-term
event?
• Can alternate
means be
implemented while
control is being
achieved?
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76.
Save or Relocate
 What event level?
 Long-term?
 Effects on persons
and the economy?
 Recovery? How
long?
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77.
Infrastructure
 What’s Plan B?
 Plan C?
 If you have an
active plant, how
can you maintain
operation?
 What’s Plan Z?
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78.
Infrastructure
Consider the Katrina
flooding:
 Roads gone!
 Businesses gone!
 Worker force gone!
What external impacts
do you need to guard
against?
Will you be able to?
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79.
Borrowing from History
 What emergency
response needs were
discovered due to this
event?
 Can your plant “buy”
into procedures
developed by this
agency?
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80.
Downed Aircraft Incidents
“This can never happen
here.”
Beware of emphatic
statements like this
Somebody also said the
Titanic couldn’t sink!
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81.
Possibilities
Aircraft flight paths over
the United States
The volume of flights
indicates the possibility
of a downed aircraft
incident just about
anywhere
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82.
Escalating Events
Could this . . . Become this?
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83.
Unique Concerns
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84.
Anti-Terrorism Planning
 Is your industry or
locale a potential
target?
 What unique
planning is required
to preclude or
minimize such a
threat?
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85.
Lessons Learned
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Murrah Building
World Trade Center

86.
Mass Casualty Events
These can result from:
o Terroristic events
o Process releases
o Transportation
accidents
o Storage failures
o Agricultural incidents
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87.
Who Responds?
• Dictated by the event
• Numbers impacted
• Nature of impacting
material
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88.
Recovery
• Sorting it all out
• Prioritize what must be
restored first
• Determine the resources
required for restoration
• Schedule & implement
• Monitor progress
• Keep public advised
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89.
Mitigation/Prevention
 Make the most of
lessons learned
 Critique response for
fact-finding NOT fault-
finding
 Determine plan
changes
 Train staff on changes
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90.
Continue to Train
Train on:
• Probable events
• Possible events
• Unique and severe
events
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91.
Questions
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92.
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To contact a Health & Safety
Training Specialist:
Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
1171 South Cameron Street Room 324
Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501
717-772-1635
RA-LI-BWC-Safety@pa.gov
Contact Information