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Dr. Shahid Ali Khan
Director (Planning & Development)/
University Green Office
PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
ddp@uaar.edu.pk
+92-51-9292140
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MANDATORY PRE-PROMOTION TRAINING
DIVISIONAL FOREST OFFICER (DFO) TO CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS(CF)
Introduction to Planning,
Program & Project Preparation,
Overview of Planning in Pakistan

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WHAT IS PLANNING
A systematic visioning of a desired future,
and translating this vision into broadly
defined goals, objectives and a sequence of
actions for social, economic, technical and
scientific development.

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PLANNING PROCESS

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PURPOSE OF PLANNING
Develop resources (of the country) as to:
 Promote people welfare
 Provide adequate living standards
and social services
 Secure social justice
 Provision of Equal opportunity/No
gender bias
 Equitable distribution of national
resources/wealth
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PLANNING FRAMEWORK-KEY QUESTIONS
“ What to do” ?
“ Why to do” ?
“ How to do” ?

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MAJOR KINDS OF PLANNING
Tactical Planning : focus at achieving
narrowly defined interim objectives with
predetermined means.
Strategic Planning : looks at the wider picture
and is flexible in choice of its means. Begins
with the desired-end and works backward to
the current status.
Long Term Planning : begins with the current
status and lays down a path to meet estimated
future needs.

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TYPES OF PLANNING
o Land use planning
o Urban planning
o Landscape planning
o Life planning
o Marketing plan
o Business planning
o Contingency planning
o Comprehensive
planning
o Economic planning
o Environmental planning
o Financial planning
o Industrial planning
o Educational planning
o Architectural planning
o Regional planning
o Strategic planning
o Operational planning

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PLANNING PROCESS
We Make Plans

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WHAT IS A PLAN
A package of social , economic, technical
and scientific policies expressed with clear
objectives and quantifiable targets to be
achieved during a specified period.
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MAJOR TYPES OF PLANS
 Five year Plan
 Medium Term Plan/Three Years Plan
 Annual Plan
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PLANNING MACHINERY
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NATIONAL
 Development Board-1948
(Economic Affairs Division)
 National Planning Board-1953
 Planning Commission-1959
(Headed by the President)
 Planning Commission (Restructured)-2006
(Headed by the Deputy Chairman , Planning Commission)
PROVINCIAL
P&D Board – Punjab
(Headed by the Chairman, P&D Board)
P&D Department (Sindh, KPK, Balochistan, GB, AJK)
(Headed by the Additional Chief Secretary (Development))

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STAKEHOLDERS
A stakeholder is either an individual, group or
organization who is impacted by the outcome of a
project or a business venture. They have an interest
in the success of the project and can be within or
outside the organization that is sponsoring the
project.
Stakeholders are very important because they can
have a positive or negative influence on the project
with their decisions. There are also critical or key
stakeholders, whose support is needed for the project
to exist.

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TYPES OF STAKEHOLDERS
Internal Stakeholders:
Internal stakeholders are those who are within the organization.
The project directly impacts them as they serve and are employed
by the organization managing it. These can include employees,
owners, the board of directors, project managers, investors and
more.
External Stakeholders:
External stakeholders are those people who are outside of the
organization and are indirectly impacted by the project. They are,
however, influenced by the organization’s work but are not
employees of the organization. These people can be suppliers,
customers, creditors, clients, intermediaries, competitors, society,
government and more.

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STAKEHOLDERS EXAMPLES
Investors:
These are stakeholders looking for a financial return. They
can be shareholders and debt holders. They have invested
capital in the business and want a return on that
investment.
Employees:
These stakeholders rely on their employment and job
security. They have a direct stake in the organization as it
supports them and provides them with benefits
Customers:
These stakeholders want the product or service that the
project delivers and they expect it to be of quality and
contain a value for themselves.

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STAKEHOLDERS EXAMPLES……….
Suppliers and Vendors:
These stakeholders have their revenue tied up with the project as
they sell goods and services to the business managing the
project. Project success means more business for them.
Communities:
These stakeholders want the project not to negatively impact
their health, safety or economic development. The organizations
that are housed in their communities or working on projects in
their communities can impact job creation, spending and much
more.
Government:
These stakeholders get taxes and gross domestic product from a
project. They are major stakeholders as they collect taxes from
both the company on a corporate level and individually from
those it employs.

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OUTCOME OF PLANS
Development of Programs and Projects

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Programme is defined as a group of related
projects managed in a coordinated way to
obtain cumulative benefit not available from
managing the projects individually.
PROGRAMME

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Project is a set of interrelated activities
having:
 specific time frame
 specific objectives
 available resources
 defined deliverables
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PROJECT

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A project refers to an investment of
resources to create assets which
will produce benefits over an
expanded period of time using the
project cycle approach.

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PROJECT CYCLE
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Sequence of tasks and functions
performed in the life span of a
project. It commonly contains stages
of design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation.

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Evaluation
Monitoring
Implementation
Preparation
Identification
Approval
Appraisal
Project Cycle

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PROJECT PREPARATION

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PROJECT FORMULATION PROCESS
Logical Steps
Key Questions Steps
Why a project ? Statement of problems
What will it achieve ? Immediate Objectives /
effect indicators
What are the activities
and resources needed ?
Activities/Inputs/Financial
Resources
What will it produce ?
Expected Outputs/output
indicators
What are the external
factors?
Threats, risks,
complementarities etc
What will be the impact ?
Articulation of long-term
Development Objectives /
impact indicators

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HOW PROJECTS ARE IDENTIFIED
• To meet the unsatisfied Demand
• Exploitation of unused Resources
• Application of Technology
• Goal Approach
• Strategy Approach
• Comparison with other countries
• Donor Driven
• Politically Motivated

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MAJOR PROJECT COMPONENTS
• Technical Aspect
• Financial Aspect
• Institutional Aspect
• Economic Aspect
• Social Aspect
• Environmental Aspect

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PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Input
Activities
Outputs
Outcomes
Impact

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FUNCTIONAL PROCESS
Input
 Cost
 Human
 Material
 Technology
Output
 Revenue
 Services
 Technology
 HRD
 Rural Dev
 Area Dev
 Poverty
PROJECT
Time
Achievement
of Objectives

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PROJECT PREPARATION INSTRUMENTS
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PC-I Project Preparation
PC-II Survey and Investigation
PC-III
(a & b)
Annual Targets and Progress Reporting
PC-IV Project Completion Report
PC-V Annual Operational Report after completion of Project

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BRIEF HISTORY OF PC-I
 Original PC-I 1952
 1st Revision 1961 One Composite Form
 2nd Revision 1974 - 12 Sectoral PC-Is
 3rd Revision 1995 - 14 Sectoral PC-Is
 4th Revision 2005 – 3 PC-Is

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LIST OF 14 PC-Is
i. Agriculture Extension
ii. Agriculture Production
iii. Culture, Sports, Tourism, Youth and Mass Media
iv. Education Training and Management
v. Energy (Sub Sector Fuel)
vi. Energy (Sub Sector Power)
vii. Health, Family Planning and Social Welfare
viii.Housing, Buildings & Town Planning
ix. Industry Sector
x. Irrigation Drainage and Flood Control
xi. Research
xii. Tele-Communication
xiii.Transport & Communication
xiv.Water and Sewerage Projects

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Latest Revision of PC-Is
 14 PC-Is converted 03 Sectoral PC-Is:
 Production Sectors
 Infrastructure Sectors
 Social Sectors

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Line Departments of Province
P&D Department
PDWP headed by ACS (Dev)
Planning Commission
CDWP headed by Dy. Chairman
ECNEC headed by Finance
Minister
PROCESS OF PROJECT PREPARATION (PROVINCIAL)

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SANCTIONING POWERS
OF VARIOUS
DEVELOPMENT FORA

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Name of the
Forum
Chaired by Sanctioning Powers
ECNEC Finance Minister Over Rs.10.00 billion.
CDWP
Dy. Chairman, Planning
Commission
Upto Rs.10.00 billion
PDWP*
Chairman, P&D Board/
Addl. Chief Secretary
(Dev.) of the Province
Upto Rs.10.00 billion
other than irrigation/
water sector
DDWP
Secretary of the Federal
Ministries
Upto Rs. 2.00 billion
DDSC Provincial Secretary Upto Rs. 400.00 million
*If cost of the project includes 25% or more foreign exchange / foreign
assistance, the approving forum will be CDWP/ECNEC irrespective of the
cost of the project.

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