An abstract is a miniature of a paper. Thus, a well prepared abstract will be indexed in portal (Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, etc.) easily. One challenge in writing an abstract that limitation of words (usually 200-300 words). This make we have to write effectively and retain to write unimportant sentences. Currently there are two types of abstracts; structural and nonstructural. Anatomically an abstract should include title, introduction, aim, method, result and conclusion including additional keywords.
The title should reflect the content of the abstract. In the introductory section, we have to explain what is already known, what is unknown and the urgency of the research question. After that explanation the aim of the study. How to answer the research question should be explained in method (sampling, setting, time, design, parameter, statistical analysis). Meanwhile, your results should write consecutively as you stated previously in method. Your main findings become the answer of research question which will be written in conclusion sections. Finally, your keywords should reflect your research variables.
We noted some pathological sentences in the abstract; Introduction doesn’t give explanation the urgency of study, aims has not stated clearly, the method cannot be replicated, the results were not based on method, and a conclusion was not based on research findings. In conclusion, unlike the name, an abstract should write in concrete and avoid to write opinion or subjective sentences.
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Writing concrete in abstract
1. WRITING CONCRETE IN ABSTRACT
Saldy Yusuf, MHS.,ETN
Editor Jurnal Luka Indonesia
Advanced Wound Care Department, ETN Centre Indonesia
Griya Afiat Wound Care-home Care Clinic, Makassar-Indonesia
2ND WOC-SM SCIENTIFIC MEETING, GRAND CLARION HOTEL MAKASSAR, 27-28
NOVEMBER 2015
2ND WOC SM 2015 SCIENTIFIC WRITING
Menulis konkrit dalam abstrak
2. Status Quo publikasi Indonesia
http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?area=0&category=0®ion=all&year=all&order=it&min=0&min_type=it
Diakses tanggal: 17 November 2015
Where is Indonesia?
3. ABSTRACT, WHAT IS?
‘forming a general concept from consideration of particular
instances’ and ‘theoretical summary’
the Oxford English Dictionary (2004)
“…overview of the paper…”
Sheldon and Jackson (1999)
Coad, J., & Devitt, P. (2006). Research dissemination: The art of writing an abstract for
conferences. Nurse Education in Practice, 6(2), 112–6. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2005.08.003
An abstract is miniature of a paper
4. TYPE OF ABSTRACT: NON STRUCTURAL
TITTLE
AUTHORS
AFFILIATIONS
CITING
ABSTRAK
Yusuf, S., Okuwa, M., Shigeta, Y., Dai, M., Iuchi, T., Sulaiman, R., … Sanada, H. (2013). Microclimate and
development of pressure ulcers and superficial skin changes. International Wound Journal.
5. Shigeta, Y. I., Sanada, H., Konya, C., Yusuf, S., Supriadi, & Sugama, J. (2014). Risk assessment tool for incontinence-associated dermatitis in elderly
patients combining tissue tolerance and perineal environment predictors : a prospective clinical study. Chronic Wound Care Management and
Research, 1, 41–47.
BACKGROUND
OBJECTIVE
METHODS
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
KEYWORDS
TYPE OF ABSTRACT: STRUCTURAL
6. 1. BACKGROUND
At least provide 3
sentences
1. What is already known.
2. What is unknown.
3. Indicate an issue/problems.
Indonesia is one of the biggest archipelago country. The population of
diabetes mellitus (DM) reported increase year by year, including high
prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer. One of complications DM is development
of diabetic foot ulcers. Even tough diabetic foot assessment essential to
prevent development diabetic foot ulcers, the effectiveness of diabetic foot
assessment to prevent development diabetic foot ulcers has not been
evaluated.
Ineffective background
The prevalence diabetic foot ulcer in Indonesia is high. One of essential
preventive strategies is diabetic foot assessment. However, the importance of
diabetic foot assessment has not been evaluated.
Make it simple
7. 2. OBJECTIVE/AIMS
Clearly define
• Objective of your study.
• Not objective of your variables.
• The aim of monofilament test to evaluate presence of
neuropathy among diabetic foot.
• The aim of ankle brachial index to evaluate presence
peripheral ischemic.
Objective of Study
Misperception on objective
• The objective of this study to evaluate predictors of diabetic
foot ulcers
8. 3. METHODS
Explain in detail
• Research design (setting, time)
• Sample and sampling technique
• Tools, scoring, devices,
• Statistical analysis.
This was a prospective cohort study, conducted in
ETN Centre Indonesia from March to December 2014.
Inclusion criteria were DM type II, age > 18 years.
Demography data interviewed using minimum data
sheet (MDS), neuropathy status evaluated with
monofilament test (5.07/10 g SWM). While presence
angiopathy evaluated by ankle brachial index (ABI) (8
MHz hand held Doppler (Bidop ES-100V3, Hadeco-
Kawasaki, Japan). The main outcome analyzed using
binary logistic regression with SPSS 16 (Chicago Inc,
USA).
Write method systematically
design
sample
Tools and
devices
analysis
9. 4. RESULTS
answer of method
• Your finding not your opinion.
• Objective not subjective
• Systematically.
• In this study we used Barbara Bates Jensen (BBJ) score
to evaluate healing progress this is method.
• Increase quality of life tool not described in method.
• This technique is safety how do you evaluate?
• Patient feel comfortable percentage?
Some mistaken sentences
10. 4. RESULTS
Efficient
There were 145 participants in analysis. Female (95, 65.5%),
neuropathy (74, 51.0%) and angiopathy (30, 20.6%). Based
on logistic regression, predictors for DFU were age (OR:
1.04; 95% CI: 1.005-1.074) and foot inspection (OR: 0.36;
95% CI: 0.186-0.703).
This study conducted in ETN Centre Indonesia, a wound care
clinic in Makassar eastern Indonesia, 149 participants
enrolled in this study remain 145 in analysis (2 of them
discontinued the assessment, one participant reject to
complete the study). There were 95 female and 50 male. Of
them mainly graduated from university with duration DM
less than 10 years. Monofilament test confirmed presence
neuropathy 74 (51.0%) with OR (95% CI: 53.7-57.0%), p <
0.05 and ankle brachial index test confirmed presence
angiopathy 30 (20.6%) with (95% CI: 10.3-13.6%) p< 0.05
significant statistically.
38 words
Inefficient
91 words
11. CONCLUSION
• Never write opinion.
• Write based on evidence.
Answer of
objective
• “Health service institution needs to develop this system”
this is recommendation.
• “Oxygen therapy increase cellular migration”
indirect conclusion
• “XXX devices promote wound healing”
conclusion without evidence
Some mistaken
12. KEYWORDS
• A good keywords reflects your
abstract.
• Easily to index in portal (PubMED,
Scopus, CINAHL, etc)
Reflect your abstract
• Monofilament test, Ipswich test, diabetic foot.
• Better to use MESH (Medical Subject Heading)
Keywords, example:
13. PATHOLOGICAL ABSTRACT
• Title Doesn’t reflect the abstract.
• Objective Doesn’t written clearly.
• Method Difficult to duplicate.
• Results Suddenly.
• Conclusion Nbased on data.
www.phdcomics.com
15. TERIMA KASIH
Spesialis Perawatan Luka
Jl. Syekh Yusuf V/3 Makssar, Indonesia
Hp: 0812 418 418 00
GRIYA AFIAT MAKASSAR
www.saldyusuf.blogspot.com
saldy yusuf
saldy_yusuf@yahoo.com
Editor's Notes
Dari sabang sampai merauke intervensi keperawatan di Indonesia sangat klasik.
Obsrvasi frekuensi nafas, beri posisi nyaman, anjurkan minum hangat, kolaborasi.
No research no vidence stagnan intervention