Today we discuss about pituitary gland and there hormones. One of the most important topic in physiology.many Times questions were asked on this topic.go with 1-2 times with PPT so you will get better understanding Don't forget to like share and subscribe Thank you !

1. PITUITARY GLAND &
THEIR HORMONE
Presented By-
Mr.Sahil Lavhare
B.sc Nursing

2. ● MORPHOLOGY
● NAME- Pituitary gland
(hypophysis)
● SIZE- 1cm in
diameter
● SHAPE -pea shaped
● PARTS-Anterior,
intermediate and
posterior pituitary
gland
● LOCATION- base of
brain, lying beneath
the third ventricle in
bony cavity called
sella turcica

3. Characteristics Anterior pituitary gland Posterior pituitary gland
Definition Anterior glandular lobe
called adenohypophysis
Posterior glandular lobe
called neurohypophysis
Origin Ectodermal(originated from
outer layer of germ cells)
Appendages of the
hypothalamus
Size About 75% of total gland About 25% of the gland
Hormones Synthesis and secrete
growth , prolactin, follicle
stimulating,luteinizing,TSH,
ACTH, hormone
Stores and release
vasopressin and oxytocin
hormones

4. Hormones secreted by Anterior pituitary gland
● Growth Hormone - also called as somatotrophin
○ Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland (APG)
○ Function - to promote growth
○ Deficiency - Dwarfism (stunted growth)
○ Excess Secretion - May Leads to Acromegaly in adult and
gigantisim in children

5. Prolactin hormone -also known as lactotropin
● Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland
● Function - help to produce milk
● Deficiency - lack of milk production
● Excess Secretion - Leads to Prolactinoma(Non cancerous tumor)

6. Luteinizing hormone
● Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland
● Function - ovulation in female (the process in which mature egg is
released from ovary)
Testosterone production in male
● Deficiency - Delayed puberty
● Excess Secretion - leads to infertility and miscarriage with polycystic
overy syndrome in female

7. Follicle stimulating hormone
● Secretion - Anterior pituitary gland
● Function - follicle growth in ovaries &sperm development in testis
● Deficiency - may Leads to infertility
● Excess Secretion - premature ovarian failure

8. Thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
● Secretion - Thyroid gland
● Function - increases BMR&body sensitive to catecholamines
● Deficiency - Hypothyroidism
● Excess Secretion -may Leads to hyperthyroidism

9. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Glucocorticoid
● Secretion - Adrenal gland (Also called as Supra renal gland)
● Function - stimulate gluconeogenesis
● Deficiency - Addison disease
● Excess Secretion -may Leads to Cushing syndrome

10. Hormones secreted by posterior pituitary gland
Vasopressin (also called as Anti diuretic hormone)
● Secretion - Posterior pituitary gland
● Function - Stimulate water retention & increases blood pressure
● Deficiency - Diabetic insipidus
● Excess Secretion - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

11. Oxytocin
● Secretion - posterior pituitary gland
● Function - uterine contraction & Lactation in PNC mother
● Deficiency -Milk rejection & Autism (rare cases)
● Excess Secretion -may Leads to an overactive uterus, causing an
increase in uterine muscle mass (hypertrophy)

12. ● Key points
● Prolactin helps in milk production while oxytocin help in milk
ejection
● Intermediate pituitary gland secrets Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone(MSH) which helps to protect skin from UV rays and
development in skin pigmentation
● Gonadotropin-releasing hormone causes the pituitary gland in
the brain to make and secrete the hormones luteinizing
hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

13. Question based on MUHS pattern
1. Explain hormones secreted by anterior pituitary gland (5M)
2. Describe pituitary gland & explain about hormones secreted by gland in
details(15M)
3. Morphology of pituitary gland, difference between anterior pituitary gland and
posterior pituitary gland and explain in brief about their hormones (15M)