Close Circuit television System

1. CCTV System.
C.Sagevan.
JF/BST/F/17/1/0019University College of Jaffna.

2. What is CCTV…….?
• Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit
a signal to a specific place on a limited set of monitors.
• It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly
transmitted though it may employ point to point , point to multipoint
or mesh wireless links.
University College of Jaffna.

3. Why Use CCTV…?
• Reduce Cost and Risk.
• Prevent and Deter Crime.
• Fool-Proof Coverage.
• Reduce Property Insurance Premiums.
• Increase Customer's confidence.
• Easy to implement.
• Keep Your Employees Honest.
• Encourage Good Behavior.
• Prevent Safety Incidents.
University College of Jaffna.

4. Elements of CCTV system.
• Camera
• Lens
• Monitor unit
• DVR / NVR
• Cable (Coaxial / Ethernet)
• Storage devices
• DC power supply (12V)
Simple CCTV System
University College of Jaffna.

5. Types of CCTV Systems
• Analog CCTV system
• Analog security cameras capture an analog video signal and transfer that
signal over coax cable to the Digital Video Recorder (DVR). Each camera may
be powered by plugging in the power supply right at the camera or by using
RG59 Siamese cable which bundles the video and the power cables.
• Requires an DVR to capture image
• Digital / IP CCTV system
• IP stands for Internet Protocol, and basically refers to a digital video camera
that can send and receive data via a computer network.
• Requires a NVR to capture image.
University College of Jaffna.

6. CCTV System’s block Diagram
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7. CCTV camera types…
• CCTV cameras are being installed every where
for purpose of security and crime prevention
and detection. There are many type if CCTV
cameras are available for this purpose.
• Indoor Camera
• Outdoor camera
• IR day/Night Camera
• Dome Camera
• Bullet Camera
• Vandal Proof Camera
• Hidden Camera
• Pen Tilt Zoom Camera
University College of Jaffna.

8. Indoor Camera
• Indoor camera as its name suggests used for indoor
security mechanism.
• These are suitable for security in homes, schools,
offices, hotels etc…
University College of Jaffna.

9. Outdoor Camera
• Outdoor camera is used for outdoor places.
• They are mostly used for entry and exist
points with limited night lighting.
• These cameras have hard Shell vandal-
proof casings.
University College of Jaffna.

10. IR Day / Night Camera
• IR day/night cameras are used for high alert
security areas were surveillance needs to
happened day and night.
• These cameras are used by military personal,
in parking lots and high security zones.
• The cameras are ideal for outdoor surveillance
applications
University College of Jaffna.

11. Dome Camera.
• Cameras are installed inside a dark dome
and are design in a way that they go
unnoticed by visitors.
• These cameras can be rotated and tilted
Manually.
• Dome cameras are used in public place like
railway station, bus terminals, and other
areas where there is a huge gathering of
people.
University College of Jaffna.

12. Bullet Camera
• Cylindrical
• Tapered shape, similar to that of a "rifle bullet."
• Outdoor use
• Installed inside protective casings, which protect against dust, dirt,
rain, hail and other harmful elements
• Require long distance viewing
• Fixed or Varifocal lenses.
University College of Jaffna.

13. Fish Eye camera
• The fisheye camera is a single camera which
allows you to record everything with a 180 or
360 degree panoramic view. The strength of
this camera can reduce the quantity of
cameras needed to cover the same
surveillance area.
University College of Jaffna.

14. PTZ Camera (Pan Tilt Zoom Camera)
• PTZ stands for Pan Tilt and Zoom. Those
are the movements the camera can do
when somebody is remotely controlling it
by using a computer or joystick.
• Most movable camera allow the person
monitoring it to move the camera from
right to left (Pan), up to down (Tilt), and
from a tight angle to a wide angle. (close
up Zoom)
University College of Jaffna.

15. Connecting method of PTZ camera
University College of Jaffna.

16. Camera selection
• If we select the camera, we will consider about these categories
• Indoor or Outdoor
• Day / Night Surveillance
• Lens Selection
• Camera Form Factor
• Video Codec
• Motion Detection
• POE (Only for IP) / Power source
• Wireless
• Viewing
University College of Jaffna.

17. Types of CCTV Lens
• There are 2 types of lenses:
• Fixed
Fixed lens are those lenses Where lens size doesn’t change, all we can do is
focus, we cant zoom in or zoom out
Common sizes are
• 12mm, 08mm, 06mm, 04mm, 3.6mm, 2.8mm,
• Varifocal
In Varifocal lens size can be changed during the installation process & Zoom in
and Zoom out is possible.
Common Sizes available are
• 2.5mm~8mm, 3.0mm~12mm, 5.0mm~50mm
University College of Jaffna.

18. Focal length Adjustment of lens
• Focal length can be adjusted by 3 methods:
• Manual (No Cable)
• To be used only indoors and where the lighting condition is always the same
• Auto Iris (With a Cable)
• Adjusts automatically to allow more or less light to be received by the CCD Chip in the
Camera
• Motor Zoom (With cable and & telemetry receiver is needed)
• To be found mostly with Pant and Tilt systems, The zoom & Focus can be manually
controlled
University College of Jaffna.

19. Monitor Unit
• The function of monitors is to display video images for viewing.
• The selection of monitors is as important to the quality of the image
as the selection of cameras, lenses, and other components in the
imaging chain.
• liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and LED displays, various sizes, and other
features.
• Considerations for monitor selection.
• Pixels
• Size
University College of Jaffna.

20. Video Recorders (DVR/NVR)
• Video Recorder is at the heart of the CCTV installation. They receive,
manage, store and record the video captured by the cameras.
• Video Recorders are two types
• DVR - Digital Video Recorder
• NVR – Network Video Recorder
• Not each DVR/NVR is the same. It comes in 4, 8 or 16 channel
configurations. Each camera is connected to a channel. So it is
important to buy the DVR /NVR with the right number of channels to
support all your cameras. DVR / NVRs also vary in terms of recording
speeds, compression, storage, and warranty.
University College of Jaffna.

21. DVR/NVR back Side ports
University College of Jaffna.

22. DVR/NVR back Side ports
University College of Jaffna.

23. Cable
• Coaxial / Ethernet
• CCTV can be analog or IP based.
Depending on that the cables can be
Coaxial cable or CAT5/CAT6 (RJ45)
cables also known as Ethernet cables.
• Cables connect the camera with the
DVR /NVR.
• You can also find Siamese CCTV cables.
Siamese cables contain an coaxial cable
that connects the camera to the DVR
and an 18 gauge 2 conductor power
cable that supplies power to the
camera from the SMPS power supply.
Coaxial cable
Ethernet cable
University College of Jaffna.

24. Cable
• VGA Cable
• Video Graphics Array is a standard
type of connection for video
devices such as monitors and
projectors.
• HDMI Cable
• HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia
Interface) provides an interface
between any audio/video source
for transferring uncompressed
video data and compressed or
uncompressed digital audio data
from an HDMI-compliant source
device,
VGA cable
HDMI cable
University College of Jaffna.

25. Cable Connectors
• BNC Connectors
• A type of connector used to
connect Coaxial cables.
• RJ 45
• A type of connector used to
connect Ethernet cables.
RJ 45
University College of Jaffna.

26. Storage devices
• Hard Disk Drive or HDD need to
store the cctv camera footage. It
help to review the cctv footage.
University College of Jaffna.

27. Applications of CCTV camera
• Bars
• Cash rooms
• Gaming machines
• Historic sites
• Holiday Sites
• Hospitals
• Number plate recording
• Public Spaces and other
Large Areas
• Reception areas
• Retail
• Schools
• Shops
• Football and cricket
stadiums
• Staff theft and fraud
• Swimming pools
• Vandalism and theft
• Car park
• Vending machines
• Warehouse CCTV
• Other uses
University College of Jaffna.

28. Thank you….
University College of Jaffna.