Jain Institute of Technology
DAVANGERE
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY , BELAGAVI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PHASE 1 PROJECT ON
Submittedby
Mr. SACHIN H M USN: 4JD17CV476
Mr. RAGHAVENDRA NAIK B T USN: 4JD18CV072
Mr. MOHAN L USN: 4JD19CV039
Underthe Guidanceof
Mr. GURUPRASHANTH N
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Jain Institute of Technology,Davangere – 577003
WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY USING NATURAL
ABSORBENTS

INTRODUCTION
• WATER
• DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH
• WASTEWATER DISRIBUTION
• FLOW DIAGRAM OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
LITERATURE REVIEW
OBJECTIVES
MATERIALS
METHODOLOGY
SCHEDULE OF WORK
REFERENCES
2

INTRODUCTION
WATER
• EARTH IS KNOWN AS THE “BLUE PLANET” BECAUSE 71% OF THE EARTH SURFACE IS
COVERD WITH WATER.
• WATER ALSO EXISTS BELOW LAND SURFACE AND AS WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR.
• WATER IS A FINITE SOURCE.
• THE EARTH AS AN ABUNDANCE OF WATER, BUT UNFORUNATELY, SMALL
PERCENTAGE (ABOUT 0.3%) IS EVEN USEBLE BY HUMANS.
• THE OTHER 99.7% IS IN THE OCEANS, SOILS, ICECAPS, AND FLOATING IN THE
ATMOSPHERE.
• MOST OF THE USED BY HUMANS COMES FROM RIVERS.
3

DISTRIBUTION OF THE WATER
ON EARTH
• Ocean water: 97.2 %
• Glaciers and other ice: 2.15%
• Groundwater: 0.61%
• Fresh water lakes: 0.009%
• Inland seas: 0.008%
• Soil Moisture: 0.005%
• Atmosphere: 0.001%
• Rivers: 0.0001%
4

WASTEWATER DISTRIBUTION
• Out of 16,662.5 MLD of wastewater generated, only 4037.2 mld (24
%) is treated before release, the rest (i.e12,626.30 MLD) is disposed of
untreated.
• Twenty-seven cities have only primary treatment facilities and only
forty-nine have primary and secondary treatment facilities.
• In sewage treatment wastewater treatment involves breakdown of
complex organic compounds in the wastewater into simpler
compounds that are stable and nuisance-free, either physico-
chemically and/or by using micro-organisms (biological treatment).
1.4 Impacts of Wastewater Treatment
5

Flow Diagram of Wastewater
Treatment
6

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
• Labor-saving
• Produce energy
• Fertilizer production
• Reduce public health risk
• Environment friendly
• Putrid odor
• Bacterial imbalance
• High installation costs
• More use of power
• Maintenance costs
7

AUTHOR NAME TOPIC CONCLUSION
T. Palani, et al, (2021) Areca nut fiber and its implementation
in sustainable products
• The shredded plastic was added to
the clayey soil at 6 different
percentages by dry weight of the
soils 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%,
2.5%, and 3.0% with 0.5
increment.
• The addition of shredded plastic
waste up to 1.5% lead to a
noticeable improvement in the
unconfined compression strength
of soil.
8

Jayasree P K et al (2021) Strength and compressibility
characteristics of soil stabilized with
plastic bag strips
• The Plastic bag stripes used were 15
µm, 30 µm and 45 µm which were
added in varying concentrations
(0.1%-0.7%) at different aspect ratios
1, 2 and 2.5.
• PBS have a significant influence on the
Unconfined compressive strength and
compressibility behaviour of soil.
D. Gardete et al (2019) Soil stabilization with waste plastic
and tyre fibers
• Three contents of plastic waste and
waste tire fibers were used for
stabilization, 1%, 2% and 3% were
used.
• Stabilization with waste plastic flakes
increased CBR(California bearing
ratio) by more than 20% when
compared to original soil.
9

Saurab A et al (2018) Stabilization of soil by plastic
waste
• The CBR test is conducted for the red
soil and black cotton soil, adding the
0.7% of plastic stripes to red soil and
0.5% for the black cotton soil.
• It's found that the strength of the soil is
inflated ensuing the bearing quantitative
relation of 2.9 for red soil and 3.3 for the
black cotton soil.
Jasmin Varghese kalliyath et al
(2016)
Soil stabilization using plastic
fibres
• The replacement of 0.5% of plastic fibers
to the expensive clayey soil reduce its
OMC and increased the maximum dry
density. The unconfined compression
strength of the soil was found to be
increased for 0.5%.
• The optimum percentage of plastic is
recommended as 0.5% which will
improve the engineering properties of the
silty clay.
10

Ghatge Sandeep Hambirao et al
(2014)
Soil stabilization using waste
shredded rubber tyre chips
• Shredded rubber from waste as been
chosen as the reinforcement material and
as a binding agent which was randomly
included into the soils at three different
percentages of fiber content, that is 5%,
10% and 15% by weight of soil.
V. Mohanalakshmi et al (2016) Geotechnical properties of soil
stabilized with wollastonite
• Addition of wollastonite improves the
properties of the red soil.
• Increase of MDD by the addition of
wollastonite enhances the strength of the
red soil.
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 The investigation of influence of change in the quantity of adsorbent
dosage on the adsorption process.
 To study the initial PH of metal ion concentration, contact time and
percentage removal of metal ions.
 To reduce the metal ion concentration in Synthetic wastewater with the
help of natural adsorbents
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Materials required
The following are the materials used
1. Arecanut peel
• In karnataka the Arecanut is highly cultiavated in chickmangalore district.
• The adsorbent preparation Arecanut husk (Areca catechu) is obtained
• from a plantation near Davanagere was used.
2. Banana peel
• In Karnataka the banana is highly cultivated in mysore district,
• The absorbent Banana (Musa Acuminata species) peels were collected
from Shamnur village near Davangere.
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3. Orange Peel
• In Karnataka the oranges are highly cultivated in Kodagu district.
• This district is called as land of oranges.
• Orange peels will be collected from plantation near by Davanagere.
4. Coconut Shell
• In Karnataka the Coconut is highly cultivated in Tumkur
district.
• The absorbent Coconut Shell will be collected near
Davangere.

BATCH STUDIES
• Batch adsorption experiments will be conducted at
ambient temperature using the
• Optimum conditions of all factors that influence
adsorption such as adsorbent dose, Ph, initial ion
concentration, particle size and agitation time.
Wastewater contain Cd was placed in a Erlenmeyer
flask and adsorbent was added. The mixture was
mechanically agitated at on a reciprocate shaker.
• The Cadmium concentration treated wastewater was
analyzed at time intervals using standard methods
recommended for examination.
15

COLUMN STUDIES
16
• Column studies was conducted in downflow fixed-bed
column packed with activated carbon at 3 cm, 6 cm, and
9 cm.
• Glass wool was used at the bottom of the column to prevent
the leaching of activated carbon and clogging of the drainage
area.
• It was also placed on the top of the adsorbent bed to gently
distribute the solution onto the adsorbent surface and to
maintain a consistent flow.
• The initial concentrations of cadmium solutions were fixed.
pH is set using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric
acid.
• The optimum values of batch adsorption conditions were
adopted in the column study.
• Measurement of residual concentrations was conducted
using a spectrophotometer.

Sl
No
Particulars Start date Tentative End date STATUS
01
Data collection
28-10-2022 01-11-2022
Completed
02
Analysis of the data
02-11-2022 04-11-2022
Completed
03
Collection of journals
05-11-2022 06-11-2022
Completed
04
Detailed study of
journals
07-11-2022 10-11-2022
Completed
05
Preparing of phase-1
report
11-11-2022 15-11-2022
Completed
06
Submission of report
24-11-2022 25-11-2022
To be done
07
Collection of materials
16-02-2022 18-02-2023
To be done
08
Preparation of reagents
and absorbents
24-02-2023 29-02-2023
To be done
09
Preparation of draft
report
01-03-2023 03-03-2023
To be done
Preparation of final 11-3-2023 16-3-2023
To be done 17

• Georgy sunny and T. Palani, (2021) “Review on areca nut fiber and its implementation in sustainable product development”, Indian
pollution control, volume 17, page no 107-201.
• Israa M. Al- Teemi and Mohammed N, Manar B, Abbas (2021) “Orange Peels as a Sustainable Material for Treating Water Polluted with
Antimony”, Iamnternational journal of innovative research in science engineering technology, volume 22, page no 25-35.
• M. Priyatharishini, N. M. Mokhtar, R. A. Kristanti, (2019) “Study on the
• Effectiveness of Banana Peel Coagulant in Turbidity Reduction of Synthetic Wastewater”, IOP conference, volume 06, page no 1269-
2162.
• Rangari PG, et al, (2017) “Review on preparation of activated carbon on coconut shell”, International journal of innovative research in
science engineering technology, volume 06, page no 2347-6710.
• L Cundari1, K F Sari1 and L Anggraini (2017), “Characteristic of betel nuts activated carbon and its application to Jumputan wastewater
treatment”, Journal of ecological engineering, volume 345, page no 1088-1757.
• Om Prakash Sahu, Paramesh Kumar Chaudhari, et al, (2015) “The characteristics Effects and Treatment of WasteWater in Sugarcane
Industry”, International journal of analytical chemistry, volume 2021, page article id- 5570806. Thuraiya Mahir AL Khusaib, et al, (2015)
“Treatment of dairy wastewater using orangeand banana peel”, Indian pollution control, volume 6.1, page no 2319-7064. Hamid Sarkheil,
Javad Tavakoli, Reza Behnood, et al, (2014) “Oil by product removalfrom aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse as absorbent”,
International journal of science and research, volume 5, page no 02-09.
• Mohamed R, et al, (2011) “Absorptiondesorption of Cd (II), Cu (II) and Pb
• (II) using chemically modified orange peel Equlibrium and kinetic studies”, International journal of analytical chemistry, volume 13, page
no 67-105.
• Amit Bhatnagar, et al, (2010) “Coconut based biasorbents for wastewater treatment”, sustainable products development”, IOP conference,
volume 20, page no 304-389.
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THANK YOU
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